This document discusses key technologies that are enabling the Internet of Things (IoT), including wireless connectivity standards like LTE-M and NB-LTE that allow devices to connect using little power. It also discusses capillary networking which provides end-to-end IP connectivity between devices. Additionally, it covers distributed cloud and edge computing approaches like Project CALVIN which process data closer to where it is generated. Finally, the document outlines security challenges with IoT and the need for approaches that can provide integrity and trustworthiness at scale.

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Key
Technologies
for IOT
Björn Ekelund

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2015 – AN INFLECTION POINT
Source: Gartner 2015
Moore’s law
Resource
efficient
computing
Security
technology
Wireless
technology
Internet
technology

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TOWARDS THE INTERNET OF THINGS
App Enablement
Connectivity
Devices
Applications
Transformation
Generic device solutions
Application Enablement
Cloud
Standards and Open Source
Today
Per-problem solutions
Per-industry solutions
Proprietary IT solutions

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ENABLERS
“ENABLERS”

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KEY TECHNOLOGIES FOR IOT
Wireless connectivity
Capillary networking
Distributed cloud and edge computing
Security and integrity

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Wireless connectivity

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Wide range of technologies
Data rate
Range
~1Mbps
Bluetooth Long Range
802.11ah
~1kbps
~1Gbps
~10bps

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LTE evolution
LTE MTC
LTE-M
NB-LTE
Battery life >10 years with 2 AA batteries
20dB additional coverage
Very low device complexity/cost
Flexible SIM solutions
Wide support for frequency bands and
spectrum options
Support for massive numbers of devices
M2M multiplexed or on stand-alone
carrier
Device Network

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5G Journey in the Industry
Global efforts
for a global
standard in
2020
Challenging 5G
system
requirements
Open
platform for
industry eco-
system to
leverage
Builds on
LTE and
previous
experiences

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Capillary networking

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Capillary Networks
end-to-end controlled IP connectivity
Cloud
Capillary
Network Function
Capillary
Networks
Mobile Core
Capillary
GWs
Bluetooth LE
IEEE 802.15.4
Auto-Configuration, GBA Security, Dynamic Middleware, Dynamic GW Selection, Data & Storage
IEEE 802.11ah
Data Center
Backend
Features
• Bridging LAN-WAN
• Auto-configuration
• Management
• Security
• Ensured E2E connectivity
• Life-cycle robustness
Usage
• Buildings
• Factories
• Homes
• Vehicles
• Sites

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Distributed cloud

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CALVIN
Network
Computer
Calvin fluidly adapts to change and apps
executes where needed. It seamlessly
manages network integration, discovery,
authentication, mobility, and availability
Calvin is a breakthrough lightweight
Platform as a Service for Networked
Society applications, lowering the
entry barrier for 3rd party developers
In the Networked Society, the
network IS the computer

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Project CALVIN
Robust
High
performance
Low latency
Flexible
Local

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use case – Energy

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use case – transportation

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github.com/EricssonResearch/calvin-base

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Security

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To do Big Data – you
must be able to trust
the Little Data

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safety and Security
IoT
Critical
Infrastructure/
Emergency
Preparedness
Concerns
Fuzzy borders
Dangerous
IoT allows remote attackers to do a lot of damage.
Unstoppable
It will happen regardless what the government does
Ubiquitous
Critical Infrastructure can’t avoid IoT even if they try
Unpredictable
We don’t know what new attack vectors IoT will create
Security Afterthought
In the push to get things to the market, security often
not considered initially

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Openness vs. attack surface
User friendliness vs. security
Control vs. trust
Flexibility vs. thoroughness

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summary
Devices
Objects
Web/RESTful
IP/6LoWPAN
DataCloud
Networks Security