Capacity exhaustion is a growing challenge for network operators due to the rapidly increasing data consumption by mobile broadband (MBB) subscribers. Rather than addressing this by densifying 4G networks with new sites, 5G New Radio (NR) offers operators the opportunity to meet growing demand and improve performance through the efficient use of new frequency bands at existing sites. The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how deploying 5G NR with mid bands (3-6GHz) at existing 4G sites enables maximal reuse of site infrastructure investments as well as delivering a significant performance boost. By adding NR with 100MHz unpaired spectrum, it is possible to achieve eight times higher downlink capacity relative to LTE (2x50MHz paired spectrum). Massive MIMO techniques, such as beamforming and multi-user MIMO, deliver improved downlink data rates both outdoors and indoors.

1. Output power and regulatory requirements
3.5GHz: 0dB (typical)
28GHz: -10 to -15dB (typical)
Antenna gain and beamforming
3.5GHz: +9dB (typical)
28GHz: +15dB (typical) Outdoor to indoor propagatio
3.5GHz: -0 to -2dB (-0 to -3d
28GHz: -1 to -10dB (-2 to -20
Outdoor propagation loss
3.5GHz: 0 to -2dB
28GHz: 0 to -7dB
Antenna gain and beamforming
3.5GHz: +6dB
28GHz: +9dB
Rx effective antenna area
3.5GHz: -6dB
28GHz: -24dB
ERICSSON
TECHNOLOGY
C H A R T I N G T H E F U T U R E O F I N N O V A T I O N | # 9 ∙ 2 0 1 8
5GNRWITHLTE
ATEXISTINGSITES

2. ✱ COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE
2 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ OCTOBER 30, 2018
AT EXISTING SITES
Combining5GNR
5G at mid and high bands is well suited for deployment at existing site
grids, especially when combined with low-band LTE. Adding new frequency
bands to existing deployments is a future-proof and cost-efficient way
to improve performance, meet the growing needs of mobile broadband
subscribers and deliver new 5G-based services.
FREDRIC KRONESTEDT,
HENRIK ASPLUND,
ANDERS FURUSKÄR,
DU HO KANG,
MAGNUS LUNDEVALL,
KENNETH WALLSTEDT
The speed expectations and data
consumption of mobile broadband (MBB)
subscribers continue to grow rapidly. Already
today, there are 4G networks in urban areas
that are being densified with new sites
(macro sites, small cells and indoor solutions,
for example) as a result of spectrum
exhaustion. Further, in regions such as
western Europe and North America, the data
demand per smartphone is projected to
grow by 30-40 percent yearly [1], resulting
in a four- to fivefold increase in five years.
Adding new frequency bands at existing sites
is a cost-efficient way to meet this demand
and improve performance. The ability to
achieve indoor coverage is particularly
important, because the majority of the
traffic is generated indoors [2].
■ Manypeopleinthetelecomindustrytendto
associatethedeploymentofhigh-frequencybands
withpoorcoverage,whichresultsintheneedfornew
sites,whichleadstohighdeploymentcosts.Thisis,
however,notatallthecasefor5GNewRadio(NR)
[3].5GNRisdesignedtomakeuseoffrequency
bandsabove3GHzandoffersthepossibilityto
introducenewfrequencybands–typicallyabove
3GHz–intoexisting4Gnetworks.Takingadvantage
ofthispossibilitymakesiteasiertomeetthe
increasingdemandsfromMBB-basedservices,
whilesimultaneouslyensuringthatsiteandbackhaul
infrastructureinvestmentscanbereused.5GNR
isalsoavailableforuseinnewbandsbelow1GHzand
existing3G/4Gbands.Smoothmigrationfrom4G
to5GinexistingspectruminaRANcanbedone
bymeansofspectrumsharing,whereNRis
introducedinparallelwithLTE.
withLTE
THE ADVANTAGES OF

3. COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE ✱
OCTOBER 30, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 3
ThemainnewNRfrequencybandswilltypically
beallocatedasTDDinthemid(3-6GHz)andhigh
(24-40GHz)bands.Thesebandspresentseveral
interestingchallengesandopportunities.Bymeans
ofmeasurementsandradionetworksimulationsof
coverageandcapacity,wehavedemonstrated
thatitisfeasibletodeploybothmidandhigh
(alsoknownasmillimeterWaveormmWave)
bandsonexistingsites.
Thankstobeamforming,afundamental
techniqueinNR,theneedforsitedensificationis
muchsmallerthananticipated–particularlywhen
interworkingwithLTEisapplied.Beamforming
andmassivemultiple-input,multiple-output
(MIMO)techniquesalsoprovidehighercapacity
fromexisting4Gsites,whichcreatesroomfornew
5G-basedservicesandusecasesinadditionto
MBB.
High-frequencychallengesandopportunities
Theuseofmidandhighbandsfor5Gmakesit
possibletoutilizemuchhigherbandwidths.
However,theincreasedcarrierfrequencycanalso
makeitmorechallengingtoprovidecoveragethatis
similartoexistinglow-banddeployments.Thereare
threeprimaryreasonsforthis:(1)physicallimitson
thepowerreceptioncapabilitiesofantennas;(2)
radiofrequencyoutputpowerlimitations;and(3)
increasedpropagationlosses,asshowninFigure1.
THANKSTOBEAMFORMING...
THENEEDFORSITEDENSIFICATION
ISMUCHSMALLERTHAN
ANTICIPATED
Figure 1 Schematic indication of antenna and propagation factors affecting downlink coverage positively (blue) or
negatively (red) compared to coverage at a reference frequency of 1.8GHz. The numbers are indicative and may vary.
Output power and regulatory requirements
3.5GHz: 0dB (typical)
28GHz: -10 to -15dB (typical)
Antenna gain and beamforming
3.5GHz: +9dB (typical)
28GHz: +15dB (typical) Outdoor to indoor propagation loss
3.5GHz: -0 to -2dB (-0 to -3dB for IRR glass)
28GHz: -1 to -10dB (-2 to -20dB for IRR glass)
Outdoor propagation loss
3.5GHz: 0 to -2dB
28GHz: 0 to -7dB
Antenna gain and beamforming
3.5GHz: +6dB
28GHz: +9dB
Rx effective antenna area
3.5GHz: -6dB
28GHz: -24dB

4. ✱ COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE
4 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ OCTOBER 30, 2018
Butthehigherfrequenciesalsoallowhigherantenna
gainstobegeneratedwithoutincreasingphysical
antennasize.5Gcanutilizetheseincreasedantenna
gainsthroughbeamformingbothatthetransmitter
andatthereceiver,whichhelpsmitigatetheimpact
oncoverageathigherfrequencies.
Additionally,increasingthefrequencywillallow
theantennastobecomesmallerwhilemaintaining
thesameantennagain.Itisimportanttonotethat
anyfixed-gainantennainreceivingmodeactually
captures20dBlessenergyforeachtenfoldincrease
ofthefrequency.Thisisoftenmisunderstoodasa
propagationloss,wheninrealityitisaresultofa
decreasingeffectiveantennaarea.Ifthephysical
antennaareaoftheantennaismaintained,itspower
capturecapabilitiesbecomeindependentof
frequency,whileitsantennagain,forbothreception
andtransmission,growswiththefrequencyatthe
sametimeasthebeamwidthbecomessmaller.
Thus,athigherfrequencies,thereisatrade-off
betweenreducingtheantennasizeandincreasing
theantennagain.Coverageandimplementation
aspectsdeterminethesweetspot.
Theachievableoutputpowerathigherfrequency
bandssuchasmmWavefrequenciescanalsobe
limitedbypoweramplifiertechnologyandby
regulatoryrequirements[4].Theoretically,the
antennagainofafixed-sizetransmittingantenna
wouldgrowby20dBperdecadeinfrequency
(dB/decade),butinpracticetheincreaseinEIRP
(effectiveisotropicradiatedpower)maybesmaller
duetosuchconstraints.
Electromagneticwavepropagationincellular
networksinvolvessomeprocessesthatarestrongly
frequency-dependent,suchasdiffractionor
transmissionthrough,forexample,wallsorfoliage,
butalsootherssuchasfreespacepropagationand
reflectionorscatteringthatshowlittletono
differenceoverfrequency.Effectively,theoutdoor
propagationlossissimilarorincreasesslightlywith
increasedfrequency,asindicatedinFigure1.
Outdoor-to-indoorpropagationlossescanbe
challengingtoovercome,especiallyforbuildings
equippedwiththermally-efficientwindowglass,
whichcanaddupto20-40dBofadditionallossat
agivenfrequency.Whenincreasingthefrequency,
theoutdoortoindoorlossesalsotendtoincrease,
particularlyfordeepindoorlocations.Thisincrease
issmalltomoderateforregularbuildingsbutcan
bestrongforthermally-efficientbuildings,
asshowninFigure1.
Thehigherpropagationlossescanbemitigatedby
usinghigh-gainantennasonbothtransmittersand
receivers.Theseantennasbecomedirective,forming
beamswithstronggainincertaindirections,andlow
gaininotherdirections.Thebeamsneedtobesetup
andmaintainedtopointintherightdirectionsin
ordertosupportmobility.InNR,thisissupported
bybeammanagement.Besidesthebenefitof
amplifyingthesignalinthedesireddirection,
beamformingalsoattenuatesthesignalinother
directions,leadingtolessinterferenceandbetter
channelquality.Thiscanbedonetotheextentthat
multipleusers,usingdifferentbeams,can
communicatewithabasestationonthesame
frequencyandtimeresource.Thisisknownas
multi-userMIMO(MU-MIMO),anditenables
asignificantcapacityimprovement.
Evenwithbeamforming,usingexistingsitegrids,
itcanbedifficulttoreachfullcoverageonhigher
frequencies.Butsincealowerfrequencybandtends
tobeavailable,thisisnotaproblem.Usersoutof
coverageonthehigherfrequenciessimplyfallback
tothelowerfrequencybands.Thiscanbe
accomplishedbyinterworkingtechniquessuchas
dualconnectivityorcarrieraggregation.Theresult
isa‘forgiving’situation,whereamid-orhigh-band
deploymentdoesnotneedtobedimensionedfor
100percentcoverage.Instead,itsimplytakes
careofthetrafficthatitcovers.
Tosummarize,thenumbersinFigure1illustrate
thattheuseoftoday’stechnologies,powerlevelsand
beamforminggainsonthemidband(3-6GHz)
providesbetterdownlink(DL)coveragethan
THEHIGHERPROPAGATION
LOSSESCANBEMITIGATEDBY
USINGHIGH-GAINANTENNAS

5. COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE ✱
OCTOBER 30, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 5
the1.8GHzreference.Evenso,usersintheworst
positionsrequirethesupportofalowerfrequency
band,especiallyintheuplink(UL)direction.
Forhighbands(around30GHz),thesituation
differssubstantiallyfromthereference.Verygood
outdoorcoverageisachievedonexistinggrids.
Outdoor-to-indoorcoveragecanbeachievedby
targeteddeploymentswithline-of-sighttothe
buildingsintendedtobecovered.
Measuredbeamformingperformance
andoutdoor-incoverage
Earlyproofpointsofthe5Gconceptandits
performancecanbeobtainedfrommeasurements
inaradionetworkprototype.Ericssonhas
developed5Gprototypesforseveral5Gfrequencies,
including3.5GHzand28GHz.Initialtrial
deploymentsaretypicallysetupwithafewradio
sitesandoneorafewmobileterminals,allowingfor
acontrolledmeasurementenvironment.Testresults
onbeamformingperformancearereportedin
references[5],[6]and[7].Theresultsdemonstrate
thathighantennagainscanindeedberealized
throughbeamforming,andthatthebeamforming
isabletotrackfast-movinguserswithsustained
communicationquality.Moreover,goodindoor
coveragecanbeachievedwith5Gat3.5GHz,
provingthefeasibilityofdeploying5Gatexisting
4Gsites.Oneexamplefromourmeasurementsis
showninFigure2,whereindoorthroughputina
buildingatthecelledgereaches200-400Mbps
onan80MHzcarrierusingconservativerank-2
MIMOtransmission.
THEMIDBAND(3-6GHZ)
PROVIDESBETTERDOWNLINK
COVERAGETHAN
THE1.8GHZREFERENCE
Figure 2 5G outdoor-in throughput measurement results from an NR 3.5GHz radio prototype
NR prototype base station
128Tx
3.5GHz, 80MHz bandwidth
5W output power
NR prototype UE 8Rx
Downlink throughput at 3.5GHz
> 400Mbps
200-400Mbps
100-200Mbps
50-100Mbps
10-50Mbps
1-10Mbps
Out of coverage

6. ✱ COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE
6 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ OCTOBER 30, 2018
Predictedurbanmid-bandcoverage
andcapacity
Topredict5Gcoverageandcapacityonalarger
scale,wehaveperformedradionetworksimulations.
WechoseapartofcentralLondonwithaninter-site
distanceofapproximately400m,whichis
representativeofmanyEuropeanurbanareas.
Similarstudiesofmajorcitiesinotherpartsofthe
world,includingAsiaandtheUS,indicatethatthe
findingsfromthisstudyarealsoapplicableinthose
scenarios.Radiobasestationcharacteristicssuch
asbeamformingcapabilities,powerandsensitivity
reflecttheimplementationsofthefirstproduct
generations,andterminalsaremodeledwithexpec-
tedtypicalsmartphonecharacteristicsformidand
highbands.Fourand32receiveantennasareassumed
forterminalsinmidandhighbands,respectively.
Formaximalfidelity,adigital3Dmapisused
togetherwithanaccurate3Dsite-specificpropagation
model,explicitlycapturingrelevantpropagation
phenomenaalongthepropagationpaths[8].
WehavemodeledLTEsystemsoperatingat
800MHz,1.8GHzand2.6GHz,aswellasanNR
systemoperatingat3.5GHz.Thisconfigurationis
representativeofthenon-standaloneversionofNR
thatwasdevelopedin3GPPRel-15.TheLTEsystem
usesFDD,2x10MHzat800MHzand2x20MHz
ateachof1.8GHzand2.6GHzaddingupto100MHz
pairedspectrum,andregularsectorantennas.
TheNRsystemusesTDD,100MHzofunpaired
spectrum,anda64T64Rantennaarrayof8x8cross-
polarizedantennas.Weapplieduser-specificdigital
beamforming,andMU-MIMOwithmultiplexingof
uptofourusersissupportedbothintheDLandUL.
WhenLTEandNRsystemsareevaluatedtogether,
carrieraggregationbetweenLTEsystemsanddual
connectivitybetweenLTEandNRcarriers
areappliedfortheinterworking.Althoughnot
consideredinthisevaluation,thereareseveral
interestingpossibilitiestoevolvetheLTEsystems
–withmoreadvancedantennas,forexample.
Figure3showsDLandULcoverageinterms
ofachievabledataratesinanunloadednetwork
withoutinterference.Eightypercentofusersare
indoors,andtheyareshownonlyfrommiddlefloors.
WhenexistingLTErooftopsitesarereusedwith
3.5GHz,bothindoorandoutdoorusershavevery
goodcoverageintheDL.Theblacklineinthe
colorbarindicatesthat95percentoftheindoor
subscribershavecoveragefor200MbpsintheDL
comparedwith50Mbpswhenaggregatingall
LTEsystems(notshowninthefigure).Inaddition,
95percentofoutdooruserscanexceed500Mbps
intheDLwithNR3.5GHzalone.TheULismuch
morelimitedwith3.5GHzalone.NR-LTE
interworkingimproves,andmanyoftheblankspots
inthe3.5GHzbandarecovered.Theremaining
areaswithpoorcoverageareconcentratedtoinside
largebuildingswithhigh-lossouterwalls.These
buildingsaresuitablecandidatesforindoor
deployments.Comparingthegainsfromadding
3.5GHzintheDLandUL,itisclearthatthegains
arelargerintheDL.ThisisduetoaDL-heavy
TDDasymmetry(75percent)at3.5GHz,
andthefactthattheUL,becauseofthelower
transmitpower,ismorepower-limitedandthus
gainslessfromadditionalbandwidth.
Whentrafficloadincreases,moreusersareactive
simultaneously,sharingthebasestationcapacity,
causingincreasedinterferencelevels,andleadingto
areductioninuserthroughputcomparedwiththe
unloadedcase.Theseeffectsaremitigatedbythe
〉〉 Better user data speeds – 95 percent
of indoor subscribers have more than
200Mbps with today’s typical site grids.
〉〉 Higher capacity – adding NR 100MHz
TDD (75 percent DL) on top of LTE with
2x50MHz paired spectrum provides an
eight times higher DL capacity than
using only LTE. Normalized with the
1.5 times higher spectrum usage,
NR is thus five times more efficient.
BENEFITSOFOVERLAYING5G
NR3.5GHZATEXISTINGSITES

7. COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE ✱
OCTOBER 30, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 7
NRsystem,usingawiderbandwidth,beamforming
andMU-MIMO.Theabilitytoserveusersinpoor
coverageareasonalowerbandavoidsthe
consumptionofextensiveresourcesonthe
3.5GHzband,makingitmoreefficient.Toquantify
thebenefitofintroducingNR,wemeasuredthe
maximumtrafficloadforwhich(95percentof)
theusersstillachieveauserthroughputexceeding
20Mbps.WhenaddingNRintheDLdirection,
thismaximumtrafficloador‘capacity’increases
byafactorofeightfrom1Gbps/km2
to8Gbps/km2
(correspondingto135GB/subscriber/month,
assuming10,000subscribersperkm2
andabusy
hourtrafficof8percentofthedailytraffic).IntheUL
direction,thecapacitygainissmallerthantheDL
duetoTDDasymmetry(25percentfortheUL)and
alowertransmitpower.Thecapacitygainsobserved
herearetypicalforalow-riseurbanscenariowith
decentcoverage.Thegainsarescenario-dependent
andtypicallyincreasewithimprovedcoverageand
increasedverticalspreadofusers,anddecreasewith
worsecoverageandasmallerverticalspread.
Figure 3 DL and UL coverage maps. The black line in the color legends represents the fifth percentile of an indoor user
data rate, and the purple areas indicate antenna positions. The white circles mark indoor areas with limited coverage,
improved by interworking.
200Mbps
50-200Mbps
20-50Mbps
5-10Mbps
2.5-5Mbps
1-2.5Mbps
Out of coverage
200Mbps
50-200Mbps
10-50Mbps
5-10Mbps
2.5-5Mbps
1-2.5Mbps
Out of coverage
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
Uplink NR 3.5GHz alone
Uplink NR LTE interworking
-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600
-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600
400Mbps
200-400Mbps
100-200Mbps
50-100Mbps
10-50Mbps
1-10Mbps
Out of coverage
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600
Downlink NR 3.5GHz alone

8. ✱ COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE
8 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ OCTOBER 30, 2018
Predictedurbanhigh-bandcoverage
andcapacity
ThewidebandwidthavailableonmmWave
spectrumcanprovidefurtherincreaseddatarates
andadditionalcapacityontopofthecombined
3.5GHzmid-bandNRandLTEsystem.Higher
frequenciesallowahighergainofantennaarrayat
thesamephysicalarea–bothinabasestationand
atauserterminalside–soastoincreasethe
maximumantennagain.
SimulationstudiesinthecentralLondonscenario
showthatanNR200MHzTDDsystemat26GHz
withthe256T256Rantennaarrayof16x16cross-
polarizedantennascanprovideverygoodDL
coveragetooutdoorusers–forexample,50-60
percentapproaching1Gbps.Withlargerspectrum
allocationssuchas400MHz,itispossibletoreach
multi-Gbpsspeeds.Whenthereisline-of-sightfrom
thebasestationtoabuildingandthebuildingisa
low-losstype,thereisalsoagoodchancethat
indooruserswillbewellcovered.
Ourresultsshowthatdeployingthe3.5GHzand
26GHzbandonexistingmacrositescanprovide
acapacityimprovementofapproximately10times
comparedwiththeLTEsystemsinlowandmid
bands.Thisadditionalgainisbecause26GHz
offloadsthelowerfrequencybandsbylettinggood-
coverageusersutilizeanadditional200MHz,
whichtherebyimprovesoverallperformance.
ApplyingmmWavespectrumatstreet-levelsites
canalsobeagoodalternative.Byplacingantennas
onlampposts,outerwallsandthelike,itispossible
toavoidtypicaldiffractionlossesfromrooftopsand
achieveshorterdistancestousersonoutdoor
hotspotsorintargetedbuildings.Oursimulation
studiesintheLondonscenarioindicatethatthe
street-levelradiodeploymentofanNRsystemwith
64T64Rantennaarrayprovidesgoodcoverageboth
innearbyoutdoorareasandforindoorusersinlow-
lossbuildingswithline-of-sighttothebasestation.
Suburbanandruraldeploymentconsiderations
Despitethetypicallylargercellsinsuburbanand
ruralscenarios,itispossibletoachievesimilarresults
tothosethatwehaveseeninurbanscenariosdueto
differencesintheradiopropagation.Whiletheurban
environmentischaracterizedbyrelativelylow
antennas,frequentlargeobstaclesandlarge, highly
attenuatingbuildings,thesuburbanandrural
environmentshavetallerantennas,fewerobstacles
andsmallersizedbuildingswithwalltypesthat
areeasiertopenetrate.Thiscompensatesforthe
differencesincellrange,andasaresultitistypical
toachieveverygoodperformanceinsuburban
andruralscenariosaswell.
Indoordeployments
In-buildingdeploymentsplayacentralrolein
providinggoodindoorperformanceinmanypartsof
theworldtoday.Largebuildingswithhighbuilding
entrylossesareanexampleofacoverage-driven
in-buildingdeployment,whereasacrowded
publicvenuelikeatrainstationorastadium
APPLYINGMMWAVE
SPECTRUMATSTREET-LEVEL
SITESCANALSOBEAGOOD
ALTERNATIVE

9. COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE ✱
OCTOBER 30, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 9
wouldbeagoodexampleofacapacity-drivenone.
Passivedistributedantennasystems(DASs)are
currentlythemostcommonsolutionusedfor
indoordeployments.
ThehardwarecomponentsofapassiveDASoften
haveanoperatingfrequencyrangethatislimitedto
bandsbelow3GHz,whichmeansthataddingthe
newNRmidorhighbandsrequiresanew5Gindoor
solution.Aradiodot[9]solutionat3.5GHzprovides
goodcoverageandmuchhigherspeedsthancurrent
LTEbandsatthesameradionodedensity,aswellas
consuminglesspowerthanaDAS.Forextreme
demandsintermsofuserspeedsorcapacity,an
indoorsolutionbasedonmmWavesmallcellsmight
bethebestchoice.Inthiscase,itisimportantto
deployamid-bandcoveragecomplement.
Conclusion
Thekeybenefitsofdeploying5GNewRadiowith
midbands(3-6GHz)atexisting4Gsitesarethat
doingsoresultsinasignificantperformanceboost
andallowsformaximalreuseofsiteinfrastructure
investments.ByaddingNRwith100MHzunpaired
spectrum,itispossibletoachieveeighttimeshigher
downlinkcapacityrelativetoLTE(2x50MHzpaired
spectrum)alongwithimproveddownlinkdatarates
–bothoutdoorsandindoors–bymeansofmassive
MIMOtechniquessuchasbeamformingand
multi-userMIMO.Uplinkcoveragedeepindoors
ismaintainedthroughinterworkingwithLTE
and/orNRonlowbandsusingdualconnectivity
orcarrieraggregation(new,refarmedorbyusing
LTE/NRspectrumsharing).Asaresultofthese
possibilitiesin5GNR,growingdatademands
canbemetwithlimitedsitedensification.
Furtherspeedandcapacityincreasescanbe
attainedbydeploying5GNRathighbands
(26-40GHz),alsoknownasmmWaves.Thehigh
bandsareparticularlyeffectiveoutdoorsandinside
buildingswithline-of-sightfromthedeployedradio
nodeandwithlowwalllossproperties.Buildings
thathaveorneeddedicatedindoorsolutionsdueto
highpenetrationlossandinteriorlossescanbe
successfullyupgradedwithupcomingNRbands
forhigherspeedsandcapacityatsimilarradionode
densitytothoseusedforLTEin-building
deploymentstoday.
Terms and abbreviations
DAS – Distributed Antenna System | DL – Downlink | IRR – Infrared Reflective | MBB – Mobile Broadband |
MIMO – Multiple-input, Multiple-output | mmWave – Millimeter Wave | MU-MIMO – Multi-User
Multiple-input, Multiple-output | NR – New Radio | RAN – Radio Access Network | Rx – Radio Receiver
| Tx – Radio Transmitter | UL – Uplink
ITISPOSSIBLETOACHIEVE
EIGHTTIMESHIGHERDOWNLINK
CAPACITYRELATIVETOLTE

10. ✱ COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE
10 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ OCTOBER 30, 2018
Further reading
❭❭ 5Gdeploymentconsiderations,availableat:https://www.ericsson.com/en/networks/trending/insights-and-
reports/5g-deployment-considerations
❭❭ MassiveMIMOincreasingcapacityandspectralefficiency,availableat:https://www.ericsson.com/en/
networks/trending/hot-topics/5g-radio-access/massive-mimo
❭❭ GoingmassivewithMIMO,availableat:https://www.ericsson.com/en/news/2018/1/massive-mimo-highlights
❭❭ Superiorindoorcoveragewith5GRadioDot,availableat:https://www.ericsson.com/en/networks/
offerings/5g/5g-supreme-indoor-coverage
References
1. EricssonMobilityReport,June2018,availableat:https://www.ericsson.com/en/mobility-report/reports/june-2018
2. EricssonConsumerLabreport,LiberationfromLocation,October2014,availableat: https://www.ericsson.
com/res/docs/2014/consumerlab/liberation-from-location-ericsson-consumerlab.pdf
3. 5GNR:TheNextGenerationWirelessAccessTechnology,1stEdition,August2018,Dahlman,E;Parkvall,
S;Sköld,J,availableat:https://www.elsevier.com/books/5g-nr-the-next-generation-wireless-access-technology/
dahlman/978-0-12-814323-0
4. GSMA,5G,theInternetofThings(IoT)andWearableDevices:Whatdothenewusesofwirelesstechnologies
meanforradiofrequencyexposure?,September2017,availableat:https://www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/wp-
content/uploads/2017/10/5g_iot_web_FINAL.pdf
5. IEEE,BeamformingGainMeasuredona5GTest-Bed,June2017,Furuskog,J;Halvarsson,B;Harada,A;Itoh,
S;Kishiyama,Y;Kurita,D;Murai,H;Simonsson,A;Tateishi,K;Thurfjell,M;Wallin,S,availableat:https://
ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8108648/
6. IEEE,High-SpeedBeamTrackingDemonstratedUsinga28GHz5GTrialSystem,September2017,Chana,R;
Choi,C;Halvarsson,B;Jo,S;Larsson,K;Manssour,J;Na,M;Singh,D,availableat: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
document/8288043/
7. IEEE,5GNRTestbed3.5GHzCoverageResults,June2018,Asplund,H;Chana,R;Elgcrona,A;Halvarsson,B;
Machado,P;Simonsson,A,availableat:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8417704/
8. Proceedingsofthe12thEuropeanConferenceonAntennasandPropagation(EuCAP2018),Asetof
propagationmodelsforsite-specificpredictions,April2018,Asplund,H;Johansson,M;Lundevall,M;Jaldén,N,
9. EricssonRadioDotSystem,availableat:https://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/radio-system/radio-dot-system

11. COMBINING 5G NR WITH LTE ✱
OCTOBER 30, 2018 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 11
theauthors
Fredric Kronestedt
◆ joined Ericsson in 1993
to work on RAN research.
Since then he has taken
on manydifferentroles,
includingsystem design and
system management. He
currently serves as Expert,
Radio Network Deployment
Strategies, at Development
Unit Networks, where he
focuses on radio network
deployment and evolution
aspects for 4G and 5G.
Kronestedt holds an M.Sc.
in electrical engineering
from KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Stockholm,
Sweden.
Henrik Asplund
◆ received his M.Sc. in
engineering physics from
Uppsala University, Sweden,
in 1996, and joined Ericsson
the same year. His current
positionisMasterResearcher,
Antennas and Propagation,
at Ericsson Research,
with responsibility for
propagation measurements
and modeling within the
company and in cooperation
with external organizations
such as 3GPP and ITU-R.
He has been involved in
propagation research
supporting predevelopment
and standardization of all
major wireless technologies
from 2G to 5G.
Kenneth Wallstedt
◆ is Director, Technology
Strategy, in Ericsson’s CTO
office, where he focuses on
the company’s radio and
spectrum management
strategy. He joined Ericsson
in 1990 and since then he
has held various leading
positions in Ericsson’s
research, development and
market units in Canada,
Sweden and the US. He
holds an M.Sc. in electrical
engineering from KTH Royal
Institute of Technology in
Stockholm, Sweden.
Du Ho Kang
◆ joined Ericsson Research
in 2014 and currently serves
as a Senior Researcher.
He holds a Ph.D. in radio
communication systems
from KTH Royal Institute of
Technology, Sweden, and
an M.Sc. in electrical and
electronics engineering from
Seoul National University,
South Korea. His expertise
is concept developments of
4G/5G radio networks and
performance evaluation
toward diverse international
standardizationandspectrum
regulation bodies including
3GPP RAN, CBRS alliance,
Multifire alliance (MFA), ETSI
BRAN and ITU-R. Kang’s
particular interest at present
is developingsolution
conceptsforinternetworking
and massive MIMO for 5G
base station products.
Magnus Lundevall
◆ is Expert, Radio Network
Performance, in Ericsson’s
RD organization, where
he currently focuses on 5G
radio network deployment
and evolution strategies. He
joined Ericsson in 1998 and
has 20 years of experience
in radio network modeling,
simulation and performance
analysis. He holds an M.Sc.
in electrical engineering
from KTH Royal Institute of
Technology in Stockholm,
Sweden.
Anders Furuskär
◆ joined Ericsson Research
in 1997 and is currently a
senior expert focusing on
radio resource management
and performance evaluation
of wireless networks. He
holds an M.Sc. in electrical
engineering and a Ph.D.
in radio communications
systems, both from KTH
Royal Institute of Technology
in Stockholm, Sweden.
Saknar bild på Du
Ho Kang

12. ISSN 0014-0171
284 23-3319 | Uen
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