Ergonomics is the study of human capabilities in relationship to work demands. Repeated or prolonged static positions, forceful exertions, and improper postures can strain muscles and nerves over time, potentially leading to injuries like tendonitis or carpal tunnel syndrome. The main ergonomic principles are to allow for varied postures, use larger muscle groups when possible, and keep joints in their mid-range of motion. Proper ergonomics and body mechanics like taking breaks, alternating tasks, and lifting with the legs can help prevent injuries from repetitive motions and overexertion.