This document discusses traditional Inuit igloos from subarctic regions of North America. It describes the different types of igloos used for various purposes and lengths of stay. Small igloos were for short hunting trips, medium igloos housed medium families, and large igloos could house up to 20 people for occasions or as multi-family dwellings. The key features that make igloos structurally sound are their spiral construction using wedge-shaped snow blocks and a raised sleeping platform. Modern adaptations use igloo designs for restaurants and resorts but with different construction materials.

1. EFFECTIVE PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
THERESA THIA AI MIN 0323170
TRADITIONAL
DWELLINGS

2. NORTH AMERICA

3. SUBARCTIC REGIONS
ALASKA
CANADA
ICELAND
A REGION WHERE THE CLIMATE IS CHARACTERISED BY LONG, USUALLY
VERY COLD WINTERS, AND SHORT, COOL TO MILD SUMMERS. IT OFFERS
SOME OF THE MOST EXTREME SEASONAL TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS
FOUND ON THE PLANET. THEY ARE MOSTLY INHABITED BY INUITS.

4. IGLOOS

5. HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

6. ORIGINATED FROM CANADA
AND GREENLAND

7. CONSTRUCTED BY INUIT PEOPLE

8. MARTIN FROBISHER LANDED ON BAFFIN
ISLAND IN 1576 AND ENCOUNTERED AN
INUIT IGLOO VILLAGE.
THIS PROVES THAT
IGLOOS HAVE
BEEN AROUND
SINCE HUNDREDS
OF YEARS.

9. TYPES OF
IGLOOS

10. USED FOR HUNTING TRIPS OF ONLY
ONE OR TWO NIGHTS. THESE IGLOOS
ARE OFTEN BUILT ON OPEN SEA ICE.
SMALL IGLOO

11. SEMI-PERMANENT FOR A MEDIUM
SIZED FAMILY. IT IS USUALLY A ONE
ROOMED IGLOO FOR ONLY ONE OR
TWO FAMILIES
MEDIUM IGLOO
SOMETIMES MANY OF THESE
ARE MADE IN ONE AREA TO
FORM AN INUIT VILLAGE.

12. LARGE IGLOO
50% FOR LIVING AND THE OTHER 50% IS USED FOR SPECIAL
OCCASIONS. THESE IGLOOS CAN HAVE UP TO 5 ROOMS AND HAVE
UP TO 20 PEOPLE LIVING INSIDE OF IT. A LARGE IGLOO MIGHT
CONSIST OF PLENTY OF SMALL IGLOOS CONNECTED TOGETHER.
THESE LARGE IGLOOS WERE USED TO HOLD COMMITTEE FEST AND
DANCES AND OTHER OCCASIONS.

13. STRUCTURE

14. THE IGLOO IS A DOME THAT CAN BE RAISED OUT OF INDEPENDENT
BLOCKS LEANING ON EACH OTHER AND POLISHED TO FIT WITHOUT AN
ADDITIONAL SUPPORTING STRUCTURE DURING CONSTRUCTION.

15. THE KEY FEATURE OF THE STRUCTURE IS THE SPIRAL FORM
THAT RESULTS FROM THE USE OF WEDGE-SHAPED BLOCKS.
FROM THAT POINT, A CONTINUOUS UPWARD SPIRAL
PRODUCES A SELF-SUPPORTING DOME.

16. The entrance acts like a
trap to cold air so it
doesn’t go inside the
Inuit’s dwelling.
A tunnel is dug in
the snow and a
door is put at the
end of the tunnel.

17. THE SLEEPING PLATFORM IS A RAISED AREA COMPARED TO WHERE ONE ENTERS THE
IGLOO. BECAUSE WARMER AIR RISES AND COOLER AIR SETTLES, THE SLEEPING AREA
HOLDS WHATEVER HEAT IS GENERATED BY A STOVE, LAMP, OR BODY HEAT.

18. SIDE ELEVATION
SIDE ELEVATION

19. THE TOP OF THE DOME IS THE
HARDEST TO BUILD, AND IS USUALLY
CONSTRUCTED FROM THE INSIDE.

20. THE IGLOO, IF CORRECTLY BUILT, WILL
SUPPORT THE WEIGHT OF A PERSON
STANDING ON THE ROOF.

21. THE HEAT FROM THE KULLIQ CAUSES THE INTERIOR
TO MELT SLIGHTLY. THIS MELTING AND REFREEZING
BUILDS UP AN ICE SHEET AND CONTRIBUTES TO THE
STRENGTH OF THE IGLOO.

22. LAYOUT

23. ORNAMENTATION

24. ORNAMENTATION IS
MINIMAL, IF NONE.

25. FURNITURE CONSISTS OF BEDS, AND
THERE WOULD BE SOME KITCHEN
APPLIANCES. HUNTING WEAPONS ARE
KEPT IN THE IGLOO AS WELL.

26. It is clear that aesthetics are not
important for the interior of the igloo.
Instead, functionality is what counts.

27. SNOW

28. SNOW IS A VERY GOOD
INSULATOR WHICH MEANS
THAT THE IGLOO WAS ABLE TO
RETAIN ITS HEAT.

29. THE ICE CRYSTALS
ARE COMPACT AND
INTERLOCKED

30. MODERN ADAPTATIONS

31. IGLOO VILLAGE
KAKSLAUTTANEN, FINLAND

32. It is a resort where the igloos are constructed
of glass. Interior ornamentation is much more
prioritized compared to traditional igloos.

33. HOTO FUDO
YAMANASHI, JAPAN

34. It is a noodle restaurant that allows air from
outdoors to circulate through large
openings in the walls, apart from in the
coldest season when curved acrylic sliding
doors are used. It is constructed with
reinforced concrete.

35. REFERENCES
7 EXAMPLES OF THE MODERN IGLOO
http://www.citylab.com/design/2013/02/7-examples-modern-igloo/4788/
IGLOO – THE NEW WORLD ENCYCLOPEDIA
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Igloo
INUIT SHELTER – THE IGLOO
https://allthingsquebec.wordpress.com/2009/06/03/inuit-shelter-the-igloo/