This document discusses the design strategies for buildings in hot and dry climates. It outlines characteristics like high temperatures, low humidity, and scarce rainfall. Key strategies include compact forms to reduce surface area, orientation toward prevailing winds for cross ventilation, thick shaded walls, minimal windows on east and west sides, flat roofs for reflecting heat, and internal courtyards providing shade and air flow. The goal is to minimize heat gain and allow ventilation to regulate indoor air temperatures.

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2018
Hot and Dryclimate
BY-DIVYANSHJAIN
HARSHJAISWAL
JUGNUNISHAD
NAMANKUMAR

2. Hot AND Dry CLIMATE
IN INDIA THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE
CAN BE EXPERIANCED IN
RAJASTHAN,
GUJRAT , MAHARASHTRAAND
SOME
PARTS OF MADHYA PRADESH AND
KARNATKAALSO .

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF
HOT AND DRY CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE
• IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE TEMPERATURE IS USUALLY VERY
HOT.
• IT CAN VERY EASILY GO UPTO 50* AND EVEN MORE IN
SUMMERS.
• THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN DAY AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE IS
VERY HIGH (15 TO 20 DEGREE CELSIES).

4. HUMIDITY
• DUE TO VERY HOT AND HARSH SUN RAYS.
• HUMIDITY IS VERY LOW.
• IT GENERALLY VARIES BETWEEN 10 TO 50 PERCENTAGE.
PRECIPITATION
• AS THE AIR IS TOTALLY HOT & DRY IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.
• PRECIPITATION IS VERY LOW.
• IT MAY VARY BETWEEN 50 TO 150 mm PER YEAR.

5. SKY CONDETIONS
• SKY IS NORMALLY CLEAR AND BLUE IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE.
• SOME TIMES DUST STORMS FILL COMPLETE SKY.
• AND THESE DUSTY SKIES CREATE UNBERABLE GLARE.
SOLAR RADIATIONS
• SOLAR RADIATIONS ARE DIRECT AND STRONG DURING DAY
TIMES.
• AND THESE OFTEN ESCAPES INTO OPEN CLEAR SKIES DURING
NIGHTS.
WIND
• HIGH SPEED DUSTY WINDS ARE VERY COMMON FOR THIS TYPE
OF CLIMATE.
• WIND SPEED MAY VARY BETWEEN 20 TO 30 KILOMETER PER
HAUR.

6. • WIND OFTEN CHANGE DIRECTIONS LOCALLY.
SOIL AND VEGITATION
• SOIL IS VERY LOOSE AND SANDY
• LOW HUMIDITY AND LESS RAIN FALL RESULTS IN POOR
VEGETATION.
• ONLY THICK LEAVES AND THORNY PLANTS CAN EASILY SURVIVE
HERE.

7. A climate responsive building of hot
and dry climate region

8. Project Name: Wind House
Location: Gujarat
Architect: Banduksmithstudio

10. Banduksmithstudio has recently completed a residential project 'Wind House,'
in Deesa, Gujarat. A multi-generational family of eight asked for a
straightforward house that would naturally withstand the harsh climate
conditions of northern Gujarat and weather well over time. In line with their
clarity of mind, they submitted a list of their specific requirements, which
outlined the way that they needed to use their home, and their expectations of
a durable, well-built and simply designed structure.
As a response to the aspiring family, the project works to balance, innovate
design ideas and methods with the traditions important to their lives and the
locally available construction skills, material and knowledge. Integrated into the
landscape, the house inhabits a corner site near a series of twin bungalows. A
low profile with articulated volumes allows the house to merge with the scale of
the surrounding homes, feeling at once both expansive for the family and in
conversation with the neighbourhood.

12. To support their condition of
living on the edge, between
inside and out, the home consists
of a group of shaded volumes
clustered around an L-shaped
verandah. Rooms cluster under
the large roof, surrounded by
open passages that draw wind
through the house like a sieve.
Thick brick walls temper the
inside spaces against high diurnal
temperature variation. The roof
doubles as a summertime
sleeping terrace, protected with
high walls pocked by openings
for targeted ventilation, and
during monsoon it gathers rain
for storage in a 40,000L
underground water tank

13. The plan is oriented toward
the prevailing south-
westerly winds, and while
the deep verandah and
covered passages protect
the volumes from summer
sun, its sloping roof allows
the low winter sun in to
warm their outside walls.
The thin sloping concrete
slab of the verandah roof
structure is supported by a
concrete-anchored steel
frame embedded into a
composite frame and load
bearing structure of the
house. Openings at the
peak of the slope let rising
hot air escape, which in
turn, draws air from the
ground floor to create a
ventilation loop.

14. sThe verandah is the heart of the house. All rooms and all level
empty into it, and it mediates the experience between inside and out. Because
much of the family activities occur in this intermediate space, what might have
become a passage instead is a place.
As a climate responsive element, it absorbs and exhausts the heat of the
summer, welcomes warmth in winter, and encourages the movement of air in
muggy monsoon. The high summer sun cannot reach direct room walls, and
the sloping roof with ventilated openings at the top allows the hot air to rise
and naturally exhaust, moving it faster by allowing negative pressure behind
the thrust of the wind moving up the verandah surface to draw air out faster.
In winter, these openings, which are fitted with operable louvers, can be closed
to hold in the hot air. The fireplace in the verandah also adds to radiating heat
in the space. In monsoon, and on summer evenings, gaps between the room
clusters open to draw air through the space, cooling both the verandah and the
outer surfaces of inside rooms

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OBJECTIVE TO DEVELOP THE KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED FOR
UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCTION Regions having similar characteristic features of climate are grouped
under one climatic zone. According to a recent code of bureau of Indian standards, the
country may be divided into five major climatic zones. • Hot and dry (mean monthly
temperature >30 and relatively humidity <55%). • Warm and humid (mean monthly
temperature >25-30 and relatively humidity <55-75%). • Temperate (mean monthly
tempeature 25-30 and relatively humidity <75%). • Cold and dry (mean monthly
temperature <25 and relatively humidity- all values). • Composite (this applies, when six
months or more do not fall within any of the other categories).

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The main points:
• Orientation and placement, to minimize sun exposure in summer.
• Form, compact to reduce surface areas of heat gain.
• Shade, for maximum sun protection in summer.
• Allow adequate heat gain in winter by movable shading devices.
• Ventilation, for regulation of air movement. Building design
The larger building dimension should face north and south Sun orientation Orientation of
building west orientation is the worst
Main walls and windows should face the wind direction in order to allow maximum cross-
ventilation of the rooms. To reduce the effect of hot dusty winds, the leeward side of the
house is better. Wind orientation

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1. Bedrooms - on the east side.
2. Living rooms - on the north or south side. room arrangement
Traditionally constructed with thick walls and roofs and with very small openings Sun-
dried earth brick is one of the poorest conductors of heat Buildingmaterial
1. Walls of daytime living areas should be made of heat-storing materials.
2. East and west walls should preferably be shaded.
3. Double walls with insulation in between are a suitable solution. walls
More windows should be provided in the north facade of the building as compared to
the east, west and south as it receives lesser radiation throughout the year. Openings
are necessary for natural lighting and ventilation. and window

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Should be shaded either by shading devices, roof overhangs or by deciduous trees.
The size of the windows on the west and east sides should be minimized in order to
reduce heat gains into the house in the early morning and late afternoon. Windows
The flat roof is a good reflector and re-radiates heat efficiently, especially if it
consists of a solid, white painted material. • High solid parapet walls along the edge
of the roof can on the one hand provide daytime shade and privacy. Roof
The principle involved is to catch an unobstructed breeze at a high level and
channel it to areas in the bottom parts of the building. Natural ventilation

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1. Cooling can be achieved by the evaporation of water. Passivecooling .The
courtyard is provided with water and plants, it acts as a cooling source.
2. Internal courtyards provides cross ventilation & natural cooling.
3. Most openings are to the internal courtyard rather than exterior surface. Courtyard
Outlets at higher levels serve to vent hot air. Ventilators are preferred at higher levels
as they help in throwing out the hot air.
- Colors that absorb less heat should be used to paint the external surface. - Darker
shades should be avoided for surfaces exposed to direct solar radiation. - The
surface of the roof can be of white broken glazed tiles. - During the day-time
openings should be closed and shaded. - Decreasing the surface of the building
exposed to the outside. - Using materials that take a longer time to heat up. -
Providing buffer spaces (lobbies, etc.) between the living areas and the outside. …