The issue of environmental pollution is not a recent one; it dates back to Plato's time, about 2500 years ago. However, certain aspects of the management of environmental pollution have changed significantly in the modern era. Because modern society interacts with nature so much, environmental issues now have a significant impact on humanity. Since the early 1970s, there has been a growing awareness of environmental challenges that transcend several fields of study and occur at various spatial scales. India has been environmentally conscious since the dawn of civilization. The meaning of the word "environment" according to our ancestors was "the sum total of water, air, and land, interrelationship among them as well as with the human beings and other living species, and poverty." As early as 300 BC, Kautilya's "Arthasastra" outlined environmental policy. There are many worries now about whether the planet's life support system is in danger. Several constitutional modifications were made in the beginning to safeguard the environment. To protect the environment, environmental legislation, policies, and planning have all been implemented at various times.

1. Presenter: Nilanjan Bal
TOPIC :
“ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND POLICIES IN INDIA”

2. LIST OF CONTENTS:
SL.N0 TOPIC PAGE NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNNING
2
1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 3
2
IMPORTANCE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING AND POLICIES
4
3
INTERNATIONAL EFFORRTS
ONENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNINGS AND POLICIES
5
4 ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING AND POLICIES IN
ANCIENT INDIA
6
5
BEGINNING OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING AND POLICY
MAKING IN INDIA
7
6
ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING AND POLICIES IN
INDIA
8 - 20
SL.N0 TOPIC PAGE NO.
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNINGS IN INDIA
8 – 12
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
IN INDIA
14 – 20
6.2.1 PRE-INDEPENDENCE
PERIOD(1983-47)
15
6.2.2
POST INDEPENCE TO
STOCKHOLM CONFERENCE
(1947-72)
16
6.2.3
POST STOCKHOLM
CONFERENCE TO BHOPAL
DISASTER(1972-84)
17
6.2.4 POST BHOPAL DISASTER TO
2006(1984-2007)
18 - 20
7 CONCLUSUION 21
8 REFERENCES 22

3. LIST OF PLATES:
PLATE
NO.
TOPIC PAGE
NO.
1 ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING LEVELS
2
2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 3
3
CREATION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNIGS AND POLICIES
4
4
YKK GRIUPS
ENVIRONMENTAL
VISION(“CYCLE OF
GOODNESS”)
5
5
HYPOTHETICAL SKETCH
OF A STATE BY
KAUTILYA(ANCIENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING OUTLAY OF A
STATE)
6
PLATE
NO.
TOPIC PAGE
NO.
6
NATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES GOALS
17
7
SUSTAINABLE
ENVIRONMENTAL
APPROACH
20
8
WAY OF
IMPLEMENTATION OF
PLANNIG AND
POLICIES
21

4. LIST OF TABLES: LIST OF FIGURES:
TABLE
NO
TOPIC PAGE NO.
1
PLAN –WISE OUTLAY
UNDER FORESTRY
AND WILDLIFE
13
2
TRENDS IN AREA
AFFORESTED AND
EXPENDITURE
INCURRED FROM
1951-2006
23
3 WATER CESS RATE (1997-
2003)
23
FIG. NO TOPIC PAGE NO.
1
SHOWING COMPARISON
BETWEEN TOTAL
OUBLIC OUT LAY AND
OUTLAY FOR
FOREST,WILDLIFE
13

5. 1. INTRODUCTION
The problem of environmental pollution is not a mew origin it is as old as the times of Plato
2500 years ago . However different dimensions of the problem of environmental pollution and its
management have taken serious turn in the present era . Todays society's interaction with the nature is
so extensive that environmental question has assumed proportion affecting humanity .
Industrialization , urbanization , population explosion , poverty , over exploitation of resources of
energy materials and the research for new sources of energy raw materials are some factors which
have contrasted to environmental degradation in the world over. The world has become increasingly
sensitized to environmental issues which cut across many disciplines and occur at different spatial
level since the early 1970’s.
INDIA concern for the environment is as old as our origin of civilization . Ancestors did
understand the meaning of environment as “the Environment is the sum total of water , air and land ,
interrelationship among themselves and also with the human beings other living organisms and
poverty". The “Arthasastra” by Kautilya described environmental policy as early as 300 BC.
Today there is considerable concerns as to whether the earths life support system itself is being
jeopardized . To protect environment various constitunal amendments were made at the first place .
Environmental legislations were enacted from time to time to protect the environment followed by
environmental polices and environmental planning.
PAGE
NO. 1

6. So at first we have to know what does the terminologies i.e. ‘Environmental planning’ and ‘Environmental -
policies’ means .
1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING :
Environmental planning is the process of facilitating
decision making to carry out land development with the
consideration given to the natural environment, social , political
, economic and governance factors and provides a holistic
framework to achieve sustainable out comes.
The major goal of Environmental Planning is to
create sustainable communities , which aim to conserve and
protect undeveloped land.
Example : In United States Environmental Planners
for any Environment related project deal with a full range of
Environmental regulation from federal to state and city levels
administrated federally by “Environmental Protection
Agency” depending upon the scale and impact of the project
an extensive environmental review is known as an
“Environmental Impact Statement” (EIS) and less
extensive version is known as “Environmental Assessment”
(EA).
PLATE NO.1 : ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING LEVELS.
PAGE
NO. 2

7. 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY :
It comes from two different words i.e. ‘Environment’
which is refers to the physical ecosystem but can also take into
consideration the social dimension (quality of life, health) and
an economic dimension (resource management , biodiversity.
On the other hand ‘Policy’ can be defined as ‘course of
action or principal adopted or proposed by a government ,
party , business or individual’ .
thus ‘Environmental Policy’ focuses on problem arising
from human impact on environment, which retracts onto
human society by having a (negative) impact on human values
such as good health or the ‘Clean and Green Environment’.
Example : In India National Forest Policy,1988
which's aim was to ensuring environmental stability and
maintenance of ecological balance including atmospheric
equilibrium which is essential for the substance of all life
forms plants , animals , and human. PLATE NO.2 : ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY.
PAGE
NO. 3

8. 2. IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNINGS
AND POLICIES:
➢ creation of sustainable communities
to prevent and conserve the
undeveloped land.
➢ relationships between the natural
and human systems can easily be
managed and maintained.
➢ identify those environmental
problems in which research might
make significant contribution.
➢ assemble a record of existing
research efforts and the allocation
of resource among them.
➢ assemble a record of existing
research efforts and the allocation
of resource among them.
PLATE NO.3 : CREATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNINGS
AND POLICIES
PAGE
NO. 4

9. 3. THE INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS ON
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND POLICIES :
➢ The Club of Rome stressed on limits to growth and highlighted
issues such as sustainability and ecological balance.
➢ The worldwide concern for environmental degradation found
expression in 1972 at the U.N.Conference on Human
Environment (WCED, 1987).
➢ In 1979, a U.N. Symposium identified unsustainable
consumption patterns and lifestyles as basic issues of
environmental degradation, particularly in the richer countries.
➢ It was truly observed by our late Prime Minister Smt. Indira
Gandhi at Stockholm Conference in 1972, that environment
cannot be developed in the condition of poverty, the major cause
and effect of global environmental problems. Hence the new
development paradigm is growth with equity, stability and
sustainability.
➢ the Brundtland Commission’s report titled “OUR
COMMON FUTURE” (1987) - a landmark development
thinking-which brought environmental issues to the fore.
➢ The idea of growth at all costs was replaced by the idea of
sustainable development. ‘Sustainable Development’ became a
key word and its importance was reemphasized at the ‘Earth
Summit’ held at Rio in 1992.
PLATE NO.4 : YKK GROUP ENVIRONMENTAL VISION
(CYCLE OF GOODNESS)
PAGE
NO. 5

10. 4. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND POLICY IN
ANCIENT INDIA :
➢ In Hinduism, we find that from Vedic period, the environment
was part of ethos of ancient people. . In Rig Veda . It is further
ordained that nobody will destroy vegetation and no one shall kill
animals. Thus it shows compassion for both animals and plant.
➢ The killing of animals in the name of Yajna has been condemned
as mad and undisciplined acts in Mahabharata. In Manusmiriti, the
cruelty towards animals has been condemned. Manusmiriti also
mentions about the optimum use of the resources of the nature.
This is yet another way to maintain the ecosystem.
➢ of Buddhism are of great importance in the conservation and
protection of natural environment. , the Jainism is also based on
the principle which is in close harmony with nature and help in
protecting and preserving the nature.
➢ According to Guru Nanak Dev, The concern for environment is
evident from the fact that it considers every creature to be the
incarnation of God and hence conservation and preservation are
essential principles.
➢ 800 AD a gradual pattern of state forest control had emerged By
MUGHALS.
➢ between 1770 and 1840, the Amir's of Sind carried out the most
extensive programmes for afforestation and forest protection.
PLATE NO.5 : HYPOTHETICAL SKETCH OF A STATE
BY KOUTILYA(ANCIENT ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING LAYOUT OF A STATE) .
PAGE
NO. 6

11. 5. BEGINING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
AND POLICY MAKING IN INDIA:
➢ Two international conferences-one at Stockholm in 1972 and another at Rio de Janerio in 1992 on Environment and
Development have influenced environmental policies in India.
➢ The Constitution of India provides a number of Directive Principles of State Policy. Until 1976 environment protection did
not appear anywhere in the Constitution. However, in the 42nd amendment of the Constitution in 1976, certain
environmental provisions were introduced. Article 48A was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy and stated “The
state shall endeavor to protect and improve the natural environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife in the country.”
The Article 51 A (g) of Fundamental Duties states that “It shall be the duty of every citizen in India to protect and improve
the natural environment including forests, lakes rivers and wildlife and to have a compassion for living creatures”. With this
‘Forests’ and ‘Wildlife’ were dropped from the State list in order to incorporate in the Concurrent (Centre) list.
➢ The National Council for Environmental Planning and Policy(NCEPC) was set up in 1972, which was later evolved as
Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF)in 1985.
➢ Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was set up in 1974as an implementing agency of the water act later it took on
the implementation of the air act of 1981.
➢ ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING DIVISION (EPD) was set up under TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
ORGANIZATION (TCPO) after the independence . Under EDP many projects were initiated one of them was COSTAL
ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN IN INDIA IN 1991’.
➢ The environmental planning organization named NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH
INSTITUTE (NEERI) was situated in NAGPUR in 1958 to check environment related problems such as pollution etc.
➢ Indian Five year Plans have focused on rapid economic growth, employment generation, poverty alleviation and balanced
regional development. The importance of sustainable development is also being stressed as an objective of public policy.
PAGE
NO.7

12. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND POLICIES
IN INDIA:
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNINGS IN INDIA :
Environmental planning's in INDIA initiated in successive five year plans :
FIVE YEARS PLANS
(YEARS)
INITIATED PLANS REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
FIRST FOUR YEAR
PLAN (1951-74)
▪ While the first three Five Year Plans (1951-66) concentrated mainly on
forestry and wildlife conservation programmes.
▪ it was only the Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74) that for the first time
identified the environmental consequences of development. Accordingly,
the Plan articulated the need to harmonize the developmental plans with
the preservation of the environment.
▪ In 1972 the national committee on environmental planning and
coordination (NCEPC) was settled up with the main motive to work over
the issues related to environmental protection.
PAGE
NO. 8

13. ▪ In 1973 central pollution control board (CPCB) was set up as an
implementing agency of the water act.
FIFTH AND SIXTH
FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1974-85)
▪ The Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-79) stressed that the NCEPC should be
involved in all major industrial decisions so that environmental goals would be
, taken fully into account.
▪ a new Department of Environment was set up in 1981 as the 'nodal agency'
for environment protection and economic development. Monitoring of
Environmental Quality and setting up of an Environmental Information
System (ENVIS).
▪ Some of the main programmes entrusted with the Department of
Environment during the plan were a strong Programme of Environmental
Research and Development, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of
major development projects.
SEVENTH FIVE YEAR
PLAN(1985-90)
▪ In order to give greater impetus to environmental protection, conservation and
ecological research and for better integration with forestry sector, a separate
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Wildlife was established in 1985.
FIVE YEARS PLANS
(YEARS) INITIATED PLANS REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
PAGE
NO. 9

14. FIVE YEARS PLANS
(YEARS) INITIATED PLANS REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
▪ A National Wasteland Development Board was set up in the same year to
coordinate and monitor the development of wastelands in the country and to
ensure massive afforestation with people's participation.
▪ In addition to these, the environmental programmes which were undertaken
during the Sixth Plan period were intended to receive greater impetus in terms of
investment and implementation strategies during the Seventh Five-Year Plan.
These included Pollution Monitoring and Control Programme, Environment
Impact Assessment (EIA), Natural Living Resources Conservation
Programme, Environment Research and Development Projects,
Environmental Awareness Programme and Eco development Programme.
▪ The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase-I was launched by the Government of
India in 1985 as a 100 % Centrally Sponsored Scheme with the objective of
improving the water quality of river Ganga.
EIGHT FIVE YEAR
PLAN(1992-97)
▪ Concern over degradation of environment and forests was also brought out in the
Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97). Many environmental problems were take
seriously in that plan like soil loss.
PAGE
NO. 10

15. FIVE YEARS PLANS
(YEARS) INITIATED PLANS REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
▪ a number of pollution control programmes have been launched during the plan.
i.e.
i) State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) for waste reduction, Adoption of
Clean Technologies in Small Scale Industries.
ii) Pollution Monitoring and Review.
iii) Ganga Action Plan Phase-II (GAP-II) .
iv) National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) were also approved during the
plan as Centrally Sponsored Schemes.
v) Later, the GAP-II was merged with NRCP through a government resolution
in 1996.
NINTH FIVE YEAR
PLAN (1997-2002)
▪ The plan chalked out issue-specific programmes, area-specific programmes
and sector-specific programmes.
▪ Pollution control measures initiated in the Ninth Plan include approval of
National Lake Conservation Plan as a 100% centrally funded scheme with the
objective of restoring the polluted and degraded lakes of the country.
▪ Besides, by considering energy sector a major polluter, the plan initiated a number
of steps to minimize its adverse impact on environment.
PAGE
NO. 11

16. FIVE YEARS PLANS
(YEARS) INITIATED PLANS REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
TENTH FIVE YEAR
PLAN (2002-07)
▪ The Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) emphasized both economic and
environmental sustainability in the process of development.
▪ All major rivers were targeted to be cleared by 2007.
▪ A program for real time air quality monitoring for cities with population
of more than 1 million was also started during the plan.
▪ In addition to these, the plan introduced some new schemes with
international cooperation under eco-restoration, watershed
management, water and energy sectors, biodiversity, climate change,
ozone layer protection, land degradation, etc. .
ELEVENTH FIVE
YEAR PLAN
(2007-2012)
▪ The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) regarded the protection of
environment as a central part of any sustainable inclusive growth strategy.
▪ it emphasized on the need for setting up of an independent statutory body on
sustainable development with the specific responsibility of guiding
government policies and programmes for making them more socially and
environmentally sustainable Restructuring of State Pollution Control Boards
(SPCB) into statutory Environment Protection Authorities was also regarded
necessary for the same.
PAGE
NO. 12

17. TABLE NO.1 :
PLAN –WISE OUTLAY UNDER FORESTRY
AND WILDLIFE ( IN RS. CRORES)
PLANS YEARS TOTAL
PUBLIC
OUTLAY
OUTLAY
FOR
FORESTR
Y AND
WILDLIFE
% OF
TOTAL
OUTLAY
FIRST 1951-56 2069 7.64 0.37
SECOND 1956-61 4800 21.21 0.44
THIRD 1961-66 7500 45.85 0.61
FOURTH 1969-74 15901 89.42 0.56
FIFTH 1974-79 38853 208.84 0.53
SIXTH 1980-85 97500 692.49 0.71
SEVENTH 1985-90 180000 1859.1 1.03
EIGHTH 1992-97 434100 4910 1.13
NINETH 1997-2002 859200 8189.09 0.95
TENTH 2002-2007 1525639 14344 0.94
ELEVENT
H
2007-2012 3644718 15583.02 0.42
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
SWOWING TOTAL PUBLIC OUTLAYS AND OUTLAYS
FOR FORESTRY , WILDLIFE IN VARIOUS PLANNING
YEAR IN INDIA.
TOTAL PUBLIC OUTLAY
OUTLAY FOR FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE
FIGURE NO. 1 : SHOWING COMPARISON BETWEEN TOTAL OUBLIC
OUT LAY AND OUTLAY FOR FOREST,WILDLIFE.
PAGE
NO. 13
Data Source: Planning Commission Division of Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF), GOI.

18. 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN INDIA:
Broadly environmental policies in India fall in four periods:
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES IN
INDIA
INDEPENDENCE TO
STOCKHOLM
CONFERENCE(1947-
1972)
POST STOCKHOLM
CONFERENCE TO
BHOPAL
DISASTER(1972-1984)
POST BHOPAL
DISASTER TO
2006(1984-2006)
PRE
INDEPENDENC
E PERIOD (1853-
1947)
PAGE
NO. 14

19. 6.2.1 PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD (1983-1947) :
❖ Shore Nuisance (Bombay and Kolaba) Act, 1853 : : initiated in Bombay and kolaba to
facilitate the removal of nuisances and encroachments below high water mark .
❖ The Elephant’s Preservation Act, 1879 : in this act killing and capture of wild elephants
prohibited no person shall kill , injure or capture or attempt to kill injure or capture any wild
elephant .
❖ The Fisheries Act, 1897 : this act promotes to save fishes from the poisoning water
,restriction against inland water extensive fishing .
❖ The Factories Act, 1897 : this act was emphasized upon the reducement of working hours
in mills and factories and established holidays.
❖ The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905 :it against smoke arising from furnaces or
fireplaces in towns and suburbs of Kolkata and howra . its main motive was to protect the
environment.
❖ Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912: an act to make better provision for the
protection and preservation of certain wild birds and animals.
PAGE
NO. 15

20. 6.2.2 INDEPENDENCE TO STOCKHOLM CONFERENCE (1947-1972) :
❖ The Factories Act, 1948 : provides that the liquid effluents, gases and fumes
generated during a manufacturing process should be treated before their final
disposal to minimize the adverse effects.
❖ The Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957
❖ The River Boards Act, 1956 : The Act provides for the creation of River Boards
for regulation and development of interstate rivers and river valleys.
❖ The Atomic Energy Act, 1962 :The Act was enacted to provide for the
development, control and use of atomic energy for the welfare of the people of
India and for other peaceful purposes and for matters connected there with. The
provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent
therewith contained in any enactment other than this Act or any other instrument
having effect by virtue of any enactment other than this Act.
PAGE
NO. 16

21. 6.2.3 POST STOCKHOLM CONFERENCE TO BHOPAL DISASTER
(1972-1984)
❖ The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 : This Act was enacted to
prevent the decline of wild animals and birds. The Act prohibits the
poaching of certain animals except for the purpose of education or
scientific research. Under this Act a state government may declare
any area to be a sanctuary or as a national park if it considers that
such area is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological,
natural or zoological significance for protecting, propagating or
developing wild life or its environment.
❖ Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974: This Act
paved the way for the creation of Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) in order to
promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the
states.
❖ Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 : This Act
defines air pollutant as ‘any solid, liquid or gaseous substance
(including noise) present in the atmosphere in such concentration as
may be or tend to be injurious to human beings or other living
creatures or plants or property or environment’.
❖ The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 : This Act prevents
deforestation, which results in ecological imbalance and
environmental deterioration. The Act prohibits even the state
governments and any other authority to de-reserve a forest which is
already reserved. It prohibits forestland to be used for non-forest
purposes, except with the prior approval of the central government. PLATE NO.6: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES GOAL.
PAGE
NO. 17

22. 6.2.4 BHOPAL DISASTER TO 2006 ( 1984-2006) :
❖ The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 : extends to the whole of India and it came into force on
November 19, 1986. After the enactment of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, it was decided that there should be a general legislation for
environmental protection as well as for coordinating the activities of various regulatory agencies. Need was
also felt to create authority with adequate power for environment protection, regulation of discharge,
handling of hazardous substances, speedy response to accidents threatening environment and deterrent
punishment to those who endanger human environment, safety and health.
❖ The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
❖ The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997:it restricts the areas in which any industries
operation and processes shall not be carried out.
❖ National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995: it provides strict liability for damage arising out of accidents
caused from the handling of hazardious substances.
The new economic policy initiated in 1991 led Constitutional amendments in 1994 to facilitate
decentralization of powers and resources to local bodies. This period also witnessed:
i) The Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution and the National Conservation Strategy and Policy
Statement on Environment and Development were brought out by the Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MoEF) in 1992.
ii) The Environmental Action Programme (EAP) was formulated in 1993 with the objective of
improving environmental services and integrating environmental considerations into development programmes.
PAGE
NO. 18

23. ❖ National environmental policy ,2006 : The first initiative in strategy-formulation for environmental protection in a
comprehensive manner. Second initiative is that It takes into account of factors responsible for land degradation
and suggests remedial measures required in this direction . Third is the remedial measures offered to tackle the
problem comprises of traditional land-use practices in combination with science-based techniques like pilot-scale
demonstrations, large scale dissemination, adoption of multi-stakeholder partnerships, promotion of agro-forestry,
organic farming, environmentally sustainable cropping patterns and adoption of efficient irrigation techniques .
And lastly Mandatory of EIA and environment management plan, details of the public hearing and a project report
to the impact assessment agency for clearance, further review by a committee of experts in certain cases and public
hearing.
The current national policy can be put into two categories from the standpoint of :
i) overall environmental management which includes :
a) National Forest Policy,1988: the principal aim of ensuring environmental stability and maintenance
of ecological balance including atmospheric equilibrium which is essential for the substance of all life forms plants ,
animals , and human.
b) National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development,
1992 :are in response to the need for laying down the guidelines that will help to weave environmental considerations
into the fabric of our national life and of our development process.
c) Policy Statement on Abatement of Pollution, 1992: It lays emphasis on pollution prevention in
place of the conventional end of the pipe treatment also identified the adoption of best available and practicable
technologies as the key element for pollution prevention.
ii) Sector based policies include
a) National Agriculture Policy, 2000: based on conservation based on soil water and biodiversity.
PAGE
NO. 19

24. b) National Population Policy, 2000: affirms the
commitment of govt. towards voluntary and informed choice and
consent of citizens while availing of reproductive healthcare
services and continuation of the target free approaches in
administrating family planning services .
c) National Water Policy, 2002: its main motive was to
take recognizance of the existing situation to propose a framework
for creation of a system of laws and institutions and for a plan of
action with a unified national perspective.
The common focus of all these policies is on the need
for sustainable development in their specific contexts. The National
Environment Policy seeks to extend the coverage, and fill in gaps
that still exist, in light of present knowledge and accumulated
experience (NEP, 2006).
❑ NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL(NTG) , 2010 : This
act was established on oct.18, 2010 for effective and expeditious
disposal of cases related to environmental protection and
conservation of forests and other natural resources.
PLATE NO.7: SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
APPROACH.
PAGE
NO. 20

25. 7. CONCLUSION :
It is, however, noteworthy that laws have preceded any serious policy.
Protection of the environment has to be central part of any sustainable inclusive
growth strategy (Ganesamurthy, 2009). In the event of dangers of environmental
degradation, sustainable development finds importance in the Eleventh Five Year
Plan. The government of India has taken various efforts to improve our
environment. However pollution taxes for environmental protection are not yet
implemented, though countries like Brazil, Columbia, Venezuela charge forestry tax
when tree harvesting is not compensated by equivalent afforestation. In contrast to
this India has offered pollution subsidies to industries in various forms, which were
really ineffective. The Eleventh Plan document has prioratised the following
monitorable targets for environmental protection:
a. Attain air quality standards in all major cities as per the WHO.
b. Treat all urban waste water.
c. Increase energy efficiency by 20%.
d. Increase forest and tree cover by 5%.
As observed in NEP, 2006 any policy is only as good as its
implementation. There are number of new and continuing initiatives for
enhancing environmental conservation as outlined in National Environment
Policy, 2006.To fulfill, these require the coordinated actions of diverse actors.
Moreover, it is necessary for individuals and groups to play their role without
which nothing will succeed. It is necessary to change the minds of the people
and hence it also needs spiritual education focusing on environmental ethics.
PLATE NO. 8: WAY OF IMPLIMENTATION OF
PLANNINGS AND POLICIES.
PAGE
NO. 21

26. 8. REFERENCES:
❑ Gupta, S “Environmental Policy And Governance in a Federal Framework Perspectives
from India” ,Research Gate.
❑ Tiwari , T “Report of The Committee for Recommending legislative measures And
administrative Machinery for Ensuring Environmental Protection “ “Department of
Science And Technology “ Government of India , 1980 .
❑ Sarkar , D.N “Environmental policy in India” Research Gate.
❑ Priyadarshini , I.G “Environmental policies in India towards achieving Sustainable
Development “. www.iosjournals.org
❑ Goffman , E “ India and the paths to environmental sustainability” , ProQuest is part of
Cambridge information Group (www. Cambridgeinformationgroup.com) (released in
February 2008).
❑ “Environment and Forest Management in Indian planning” , SODHGANGA.
❑ “Environmental Protection Policies in India “ , SODHGANGA.
❑ Planning commission , First to Eleventh Five Year plan ,section –Ecology and
Environment. New Delhi.
❑ Singh ,M “Environment and the New Eco Policies” (New Delhi society for promotion of
waste land Development foundation day lecture ,June 1992) pg. 05.
PAGE
NO. 22

27. APPENDIX:
TABLE NO. 2
Trends in Area Afforested and Expenditure Incurred from 1951-2006
(Area in lakh hectares; Expenditure in crores rupees)
TABLE NO.3
WATER CESS RATE (1997-2003)
PAGE
NO . 23
• Source: National Afforestation and Eco-Development
Board (NAEB) of MoEF, Government of India.
• Source : water cess rate 1997-2003 .

28. THANK YOU .