This document discusses the history and goals of environmental education. It defines environmental education as recognizing values and developing skills to understand the relationship between humans and their environment. The ultimate goal is to develop environmental ethics through environmental literacy. Environmental literacy involves knowledge of environmental issues, ecology, agriculture, laws, and disaster management. Environmental ethics involves stewardship, compassion, and building a sustainable society. The document proposes that environmental education aligns with Bloom's taxonomy, with environmental literacy relating to cognitive domains and environmental ethics relating to affective domains. The end goal is developing a sustainable community.

1. Sarath Chandran. R
Research Scholar
Department of Education
University of Kerala
E-mail: sarathcrtvm@gmail.com

2. • The words ‘environment’ and ‘education’ do not appear to have been
used in conjunction with each other until the mid-1960s.
• The evolution of environmental education has incorporated the
influential views of some of the great eighteenth and nineteenth
century thinkers, writers and educators notably Goethe, Rousseau,
Humboldt, Haeckel, Froebel, Dewey and Montessori.
• The first recorded use of the term ‘environmental education’ in
Britain may be traced to a conference held in 1965 at Keele
University, Staffordshire (Joy A. Palmer; 1998).

3. • International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(1970) defined Environmental Education as the process of recognizing
values and clarifying concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes
necessary to understand and appreciate the inter-relatedness among man,
his culture, and his biophysical surroundings. Environmental Education
also entails practice in decision making and self-formulation of a code of
behavior about issues concerning environmental quality.

4. • There are two important domains which are present in the
Environmental Education such as
• Environmental Literacy and
• Environmental Ethics
• The ultimate goal of environmental education is the
development of Environmental Ethics through the
Environmental Literacy.

5. • Environmental literacy is a measure of a person’s
knowledge about the interactions of humans and their
environments, environmental issues and the various
connections in ecological systems. (Juliana H.
Burchett; 2015)

6. • The Environmental Literacy consists of six components such as
Environmental Issues (EI),
• Ecological Knowledge (EK),
• Agricultural knowledge (AK),
• Awareness on Environmental Laws (EL),
• Awareness on Disaster Management (DM) and
• Sociological Knowledge (SK).

7. • Environmental ethics is a feeling and valuing or moral
commitment and responsibilities towards nature for the
well-being of present as well as future generations.
• It is the resultant effect of the environmental literacy.
• It is the metaphysical knowledge getting from the material
knowledge.
• The environmental ethics consists of three components such
as stewardship, compassion and love for environment and
build sustainable society.

8. Environmental Education and Revised Bloom’s
taxonomy
• Here introducing a new theoretical view on environmental
education based on the revised Bloom’s taxonomy by Anderson
and Krathwohl (2001).
• Their taxonomy consists of three interrelated overlapped
domains such as cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain.
According to novel view, Environmental Education gets fulfilled
through the three stages of development such as development of
Environmental Literacy (stage 1), development of Environmental
Ethics (stage 2) and development of Sustainable Community
(stage 3). These three stages of development of environmental
education are closely related to the learning domains of revised
Bloom’s taxonomy.

9. Components of environmental literacy Classes of cognitive domain
Ecological knowledge Remembering and understanding
Sociological knowledge Remembering and understanding
Agricultural knowledge Applying and analyzing
Awareness on environmental laws Applying and analyzing
Awareness on environmental issues Applying and analyzing
Disaster management Applying and analyzing

10. Components of
environmental ethics
Classes of affective domain
Stewardship Receiving and responding
Compassion and love for
environment
Valuing
Build sustainable society Organization and
characterization by value
Table 2 shows the associateship between the
components of environmental ethics and classes of
affective domain

13. • Environmental education should be the heart of formal
educational system. The ultimate goal of Environmental
Education is the development of Environmental Literacy and
Environmental Ethics in students for the purpose of protection of
our environment.
• According to Sunder Lal Bahuguna, Ecology is the permanent
Economy. A successful school curriculum should impart this
message to children. Because tomorrow’s India is in the hands of
today’s children.