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ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AMONG THE
ADOLESCENT LEARNERS FROM THE HIGH
SCHOOLS OF KERALA STATE
SARATH CHANDRAN R.
Research Scholar
Department of Education, University of Kerala
Trivandrum, Kerala, India
sarathcrtvm@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
 Environmental ethics is a new sub-discipline of philosophy
that deals with the ethical problems surrounding
environmental protection.
 It aims to provide ethical justification and moral motivation
for the cause of global environmental protection (Tongjin
Yang; 2006).
 The Rio declaration (1992) begins: ‘Human beings are at the
center of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled
to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature’.
Environmental Ethics of an individual
determines the level of conservation of nature and
natural resources. So the prime importance of
education should be the inculcation of environmental
literacy through experiential learning.
Environmental literacy leads to environmental
ethics.
HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY
 There is significant difference in the mean scores of
environmental ethics based on :
 Gender
 Type of management of institution
 Locale
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To find out the level of environmental ethics among
adolescent learners.
 To find out the contribution of each component in
percentage to environmental ethics.
 To compare the level of environmental ethics of
adolescent learners based on
(1) Gender
(2) Types of management of institution
(3) Locale
METHODOLOGY IN BRIEF
 Normative survey method was adopted for the
present study.
(a)Population
Population of the study comprises of all the adolescent
learners studying in ninth, tenth, plus one and plus two
classes in Kerala.
(b)Sample
The total sample of 480 adolescent learners was
selected for the collection of data.
(c) Sampling technique
Stratified random sampling technique.
(d) Tools used for the study
Environmental Ethics Scale for Adolescent Learners
(EESAL) was used for this study.
The items in the ethics scale were categorized into three
components such as
stewardship,
compassion and love for environment
 Build sustainable society.
Statistical techniques used for the study
 Percentage analysis
 Test of significance for difference between means (Z
test)
 ANOVA
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA
Level of environmental
Ethics
Frequency Percent Cumulative
Percent
Low level 76 15.8 15.8
Intermediate level 321 66.9 82.7
High level 83 17.3 100.0
Total 480 100.0
Table 1. Level of Environmental Ethics among adolescent learners
From the table it is clear that most of the students have
intermediate level (intermediate order) of environmental ethics
(66.9%).
17.3% of students have high level (high order) of
environmental ethics and 15.8% of students have low level
(low order) of environmental ethics.
GRAPH 1. LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AMONG
ADOLESCENT LEARNERS
15.8
66.9
17.3
Level of Environmental Ethics
Low
Medium
High
TABLE2. CONTRIBUTION OF COMPONENTS TO
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
Components of Environmental
Ethics
Percentage of contribution
Stewardship 33.18252
Compassion and love for
environment
33.01137
Build sustainable society 33.80611
From the table it is clear that the component Build
sustainable society has the highest contribution to
Environmental ethics (33.80611%).
 It is followed by Stewardship (33.18252%) and
Compassion and love for environment (33.01137%).
GRAPH 2. CONTRIBUTION OF COMPONENTS TO
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
33.18252
33.01137
33.80611
Environmental Ethics
Stewardship
Compassion and love for environment
Build sustainable society
TABLE 3. TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS
OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF BOYS AND GIRLS
Variable Category N Mean Standard
deviation
C.R. Level of significance
Environmental
Ethics Boys 253 121.99 14.302
1.558 N.S.
Girls 227 124.00 13.916
 The calculated value of C.R. is 1.558 and is not
significant at 0.05 level (C.R. = 1.558: p>0.05).
Since the mean scores of the boys and girls do not
differ significantly, girls and boys are more or less
equal in environmental Ethics.
GRAPH 3. COMPARISON OF MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF
BOYS AND GIRLS
120.5
121
121.5
122
122.5
123
123.5
124
121.99
124
Environmental
ethics
Gender
Boys
Girls
TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF SUB SAMPLES BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL
MANAGEMENT
TABLE 4. DESCRIPTIVES
Type of school
management
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
Govt. 235 122.32 14.000 .913
Aided 176 122.25 14.896 1.123
Unaided 69 126.84 12.053 1.451
Total 480 122.94 14.142 .645
TABLE 5. ANOVA
Source of variation Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 1224.171 2 612.086
3.087 0.047
Within Groups 94575.310 477 198.271
Total 95799.481 479
The calculated value of F is 3.087 and is significant at 0.05
level (F = 3.087: p<0.05).
Therefore Environmental Ethics is significantly different for
sub samples based on type of school management. To find
which pairs of sub samples differ significantly, Fisher's LSD
post hoc test is used.
TABLE 6. FISHER'S LSD POST HOC TEST FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF SUB SAMPLES BASED ON
TYPE OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
(I) TSM (J) TSM Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig.
Govt.
Aided .069 1.404 .961
Unaided -4.521* 1.928 .019
Aided
Govt. -.069 1.404 .961
Unaided -4.591* 2.000 .022
Unaided
Govt. 4.521* 1.928 .019
Aided 4.591* 2.000 .022
THE MEAN DIFFERENCE IS SIGNIFICANT AT THE 0.05 LEVEL.
FROM FISHER'S LSD POST HOC TEST THE FOLLOWING RESULTS ARE
OBTAINED
 Govt. and Aided school students do not differ significantly in
Environmental Ethics at 0.05level.
 Govt. and Unaided school students differ significantly in
Environmental ethics at 0.05 level. Since the mean score of
the Unaided school students is significantly greater than
that of the Govt. school students, Unaided school students
have more environmental Ethics compared to Govt. school
students.
 Aided and Unaided school students differ significantly in
Environmental Ethics at 0.05level. Since the mean score of
the Unaided school students is significantly greater than
that of the Aided school students, Unaided school students
have more environmental Ethics compared to Aided school
students.
GRAPH 4. COMPARISON OF MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF
SUB SAMPLES BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
122.32 122.25
126.84
Environmental
ethics
Type of school management
Govt
Aided
Unaided
TABLE 7. TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS
OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS
The calculated value of C.R. is 2.741and is significant
at 0.01 level (C.R. = 2.741:p<0.01). Since the mean
of the rural students is significantly greater than that
of the urban students, rural students have more
environmental Ethics compared to urban students.
Variable Category N Mean Standard
deviation
C.R. Level of
significance
Environment
al Ethics
Rural 369
123.91 13.826
2.741 0.01
Urban
111 119.74 14.762
GRAPH 5.COMPARISON OF MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF
RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
123.91
119.74
Environmental
ethics
Locale
Rural
Urban
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY
 The present study focuses on the certain facts of
environmental ethics among the adolescent learners from
the high schools of Kerala state.
 Most of the adolescent learners’ shows intermediate level
(intermediate order) of environmental ethics (66.9%).
 17.3% of students have high level (high order) of
environmental ethics and 15.8% of students have low
level (low order) of environmental ethics.
 It is also revealed that mean scores of the boys and girls do
not differ significantly; girls and boys are more or less equal
in environmental Ethics. Govt and Aided school students do
not differ significantly in Environmental ethics at 0.05 levels.
 Aided and Unaided school students differ significantly in
Environmental Ethics at 0.05level. Since the mean score of
the Unaided school students is significantly greater than
that of the Aided school students, Unaided school students
have more environmental Ethics compared to Aided school
students.
 Environmental ethics and sustainable development are
correlated each other. Sustainable development is
possible only through the moral commitment to the
environment.
 The ultimate goal of environmental education is the
development of environmental ethics through the imparting
of environmental literacy.
 Hence the current schooling system should emphasize in
the imparting of literacy regarding environment and
sustainability of our nature.
EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY
1. 1. The concept of Environmental education should be include
in the curriculum, and it will help to create positive
transformation of environmental ethics, environmental
consciousness, environmental literacy, environmental attitudes
and behaviors among adolescent learners.
2. 2. In the current situation the awareness on sustainable
development is important among adolescent learners as well
as, they have responsibility to protect the world for future
needs of each individuals. It is possible only through the
imparting of environmental education.
3. Inculcation of environmental ethics only through the
experiential learning and it should be give in early primary
education.
4. Need to conduct in - service and pre - service programs for
all teachers for acquire knowledge related to Environmental
education.
5. It is essential to conduct the workshops seminars,
exhibitions, quizzes based on the topic related to sustainable
development ethics, environmental ethics, nature ethics, earth
ethics, ecological ethics and climate change in schools and
class rooms.
6. In order to solve the environmental issues the students are
essential to understand the current environmental problems, it
is possible only through curriculum and pedagogy etc.
REFERENCES
 Buzzaz, F. et.al. (1998). Ecological science and human predicament.
Science, pp. 282-879.
 Folz, H. (2002). Treating consumption, paper presented at American
planning association, Chicago.
 Leopold Aldo (1966). A sand county alumnae. New York: Oxford
university press.
 Nicholas Bunnin and Tsui-James, E.P. (2003). The black well
companion to philosophy. Oxford: Black well publishing.
 Norton Bryan (1986). Conservation and preservation: A conceptual
pre-habilitation, environmental ethics 8: 195:220.
 Paul Wagner (2009). The humanity of environmental ethics. The
journal of environment and development.
 Routley Richard (1973). Is there for a new, an environmental ethic?
Proceedings of the fifteenth world conference of philosophy, pp. 205-
210.
 Timothy Beatley (1994). Environmental Dilammas: Ethics and
Decisions. The quarterly review of Biology, Vol.69, No.2, pp.252-253.
 Tongjin, Yang. (2006). Towards an egalitarian global environmental
ethics; Environmental ethics and environmental policy. UNESCO.
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Environmental ethics among adolescent learners of Kerala

  • 1. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AMONG THE ADOLESCENT LEARNERS FROM THE HIGH SCHOOLS OF KERALA STATE SARATH CHANDRAN R. Research Scholar Department of Education, University of Kerala Trivandrum, Kerala, India sarathcrtvm@gmail.com
  • 2. INTRODUCTION  Environmental ethics is a new sub-discipline of philosophy that deals with the ethical problems surrounding environmental protection.  It aims to provide ethical justification and moral motivation for the cause of global environmental protection (Tongjin Yang; 2006).  The Rio declaration (1992) begins: ‘Human beings are at the center of concerns for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature’.
  • 3. Environmental Ethics of an individual determines the level of conservation of nature and natural resources. So the prime importance of education should be the inculcation of environmental literacy through experiential learning. Environmental literacy leads to environmental ethics.
  • 4. HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY  There is significant difference in the mean scores of environmental ethics based on :  Gender  Type of management of institution  Locale
  • 5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY  To find out the level of environmental ethics among adolescent learners.  To find out the contribution of each component in percentage to environmental ethics.  To compare the level of environmental ethics of adolescent learners based on (1) Gender (2) Types of management of institution (3) Locale
  • 6. METHODOLOGY IN BRIEF  Normative survey method was adopted for the present study. (a)Population Population of the study comprises of all the adolescent learners studying in ninth, tenth, plus one and plus two classes in Kerala. (b)Sample The total sample of 480 adolescent learners was selected for the collection of data.
  • 7. (c) Sampling technique Stratified random sampling technique. (d) Tools used for the study Environmental Ethics Scale for Adolescent Learners (EESAL) was used for this study. The items in the ethics scale were categorized into three components such as stewardship, compassion and love for environment  Build sustainable society.
  • 8. Statistical techniques used for the study  Percentage analysis  Test of significance for difference between means (Z test)  ANOVA
  • 9. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA Level of environmental Ethics Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent Low level 76 15.8 15.8 Intermediate level 321 66.9 82.7 High level 83 17.3 100.0 Total 480 100.0 Table 1. Level of Environmental Ethics among adolescent learners
  • 10. From the table it is clear that most of the students have intermediate level (intermediate order) of environmental ethics (66.9%). 17.3% of students have high level (high order) of environmental ethics and 15.8% of students have low level (low order) of environmental ethics.
  • 11. GRAPH 1. LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AMONG ADOLESCENT LEARNERS 15.8 66.9 17.3 Level of Environmental Ethics Low Medium High
  • 12. TABLE2. CONTRIBUTION OF COMPONENTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS Components of Environmental Ethics Percentage of contribution Stewardship 33.18252 Compassion and love for environment 33.01137 Build sustainable society 33.80611
  • 13. From the table it is clear that the component Build sustainable society has the highest contribution to Environmental ethics (33.80611%).  It is followed by Stewardship (33.18252%) and Compassion and love for environment (33.01137%).
  • 14. GRAPH 2. CONTRIBUTION OF COMPONENTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 33.18252 33.01137 33.80611 Environmental Ethics Stewardship Compassion and love for environment Build sustainable society
  • 15. TABLE 3. TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF BOYS AND GIRLS Variable Category N Mean Standard deviation C.R. Level of significance Environmental Ethics Boys 253 121.99 14.302 1.558 N.S. Girls 227 124.00 13.916
  • 16.  The calculated value of C.R. is 1.558 and is not significant at 0.05 level (C.R. = 1.558: p>0.05). Since the mean scores of the boys and girls do not differ significantly, girls and boys are more or less equal in environmental Ethics.
  • 17. GRAPH 3. COMPARISON OF MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF BOYS AND GIRLS 120.5 121 121.5 122 122.5 123 123.5 124 121.99 124 Environmental ethics Gender Boys Girls
  • 18. TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF SUB SAMPLES BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT TABLE 4. DESCRIPTIVES Type of school management N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Govt. 235 122.32 14.000 .913 Aided 176 122.25 14.896 1.123 Unaided 69 126.84 12.053 1.451 Total 480 122.94 14.142 .645
  • 19. TABLE 5. ANOVA Source of variation Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1224.171 2 612.086 3.087 0.047 Within Groups 94575.310 477 198.271 Total 95799.481 479
  • 20. The calculated value of F is 3.087 and is significant at 0.05 level (F = 3.087: p<0.05). Therefore Environmental Ethics is significantly different for sub samples based on type of school management. To find which pairs of sub samples differ significantly, Fisher's LSD post hoc test is used.
  • 21. TABLE 6. FISHER'S LSD POST HOC TEST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF SUB SAMPLES BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT (I) TSM (J) TSM Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Govt. Aided .069 1.404 .961 Unaided -4.521* 1.928 .019 Aided Govt. -.069 1.404 .961 Unaided -4.591* 2.000 .022 Unaided Govt. 4.521* 1.928 .019 Aided 4.591* 2.000 .022
  • 22. THE MEAN DIFFERENCE IS SIGNIFICANT AT THE 0.05 LEVEL. FROM FISHER'S LSD POST HOC TEST THE FOLLOWING RESULTS ARE OBTAINED  Govt. and Aided school students do not differ significantly in Environmental Ethics at 0.05level.  Govt. and Unaided school students differ significantly in Environmental ethics at 0.05 level. Since the mean score of the Unaided school students is significantly greater than that of the Govt. school students, Unaided school students have more environmental Ethics compared to Govt. school students.  Aided and Unaided school students differ significantly in Environmental Ethics at 0.05level. Since the mean score of the Unaided school students is significantly greater than that of the Aided school students, Unaided school students have more environmental Ethics compared to Aided school students.
  • 23. GRAPH 4. COMPARISON OF MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF SUB SAMPLES BASED ON TYPE OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 122.32 122.25 126.84 Environmental ethics Type of school management Govt Aided Unaided
  • 24. TABLE 7. TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS The calculated value of C.R. is 2.741and is significant at 0.01 level (C.R. = 2.741:p<0.01). Since the mean of the rural students is significantly greater than that of the urban students, rural students have more environmental Ethics compared to urban students. Variable Category N Mean Standard deviation C.R. Level of significance Environment al Ethics Rural 369 123.91 13.826 2.741 0.01 Urban 111 119.74 14.762
  • 25. GRAPH 5.COMPARISON OF MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS OF RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 123.91 119.74 Environmental ethics Locale Rural Urban
  • 26. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY  The present study focuses on the certain facts of environmental ethics among the adolescent learners from the high schools of Kerala state.  Most of the adolescent learners’ shows intermediate level (intermediate order) of environmental ethics (66.9%).  17.3% of students have high level (high order) of environmental ethics and 15.8% of students have low level (low order) of environmental ethics.
  • 27.  It is also revealed that mean scores of the boys and girls do not differ significantly; girls and boys are more or less equal in environmental Ethics. Govt and Aided school students do not differ significantly in Environmental ethics at 0.05 levels.  Aided and Unaided school students differ significantly in Environmental Ethics at 0.05level. Since the mean score of the Unaided school students is significantly greater than that of the Aided school students, Unaided school students have more environmental Ethics compared to Aided school students.
  • 28.  Environmental ethics and sustainable development are correlated each other. Sustainable development is possible only through the moral commitment to the environment.  The ultimate goal of environmental education is the development of environmental ethics through the imparting of environmental literacy.  Hence the current schooling system should emphasize in the imparting of literacy regarding environment and sustainability of our nature.
  • 29. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY 1. 1. The concept of Environmental education should be include in the curriculum, and it will help to create positive transformation of environmental ethics, environmental consciousness, environmental literacy, environmental attitudes and behaviors among adolescent learners. 2. 2. In the current situation the awareness on sustainable development is important among adolescent learners as well as, they have responsibility to protect the world for future needs of each individuals. It is possible only through the imparting of environmental education.
  • 30. 3. Inculcation of environmental ethics only through the experiential learning and it should be give in early primary education. 4. Need to conduct in - service and pre - service programs for all teachers for acquire knowledge related to Environmental education.
  • 31. 5. It is essential to conduct the workshops seminars, exhibitions, quizzes based on the topic related to sustainable development ethics, environmental ethics, nature ethics, earth ethics, ecological ethics and climate change in schools and class rooms. 6. In order to solve the environmental issues the students are essential to understand the current environmental problems, it is possible only through curriculum and pedagogy etc.
  • 32. REFERENCES  Buzzaz, F. et.al. (1998). Ecological science and human predicament. Science, pp. 282-879.  Folz, H. (2002). Treating consumption, paper presented at American planning association, Chicago.  Leopold Aldo (1966). A sand county alumnae. New York: Oxford university press.  Nicholas Bunnin and Tsui-James, E.P. (2003). The black well companion to philosophy. Oxford: Black well publishing.  Norton Bryan (1986). Conservation and preservation: A conceptual pre-habilitation, environmental ethics 8: 195:220.  Paul Wagner (2009). The humanity of environmental ethics. The journal of environment and development.  Routley Richard (1973). Is there for a new, an environmental ethic? Proceedings of the fifteenth world conference of philosophy, pp. 205- 210.  Timothy Beatley (1994). Environmental Dilammas: Ethics and Decisions. The quarterly review of Biology, Vol.69, No.2, pp.252-253.  Tongjin, Yang. (2006). Towards an egalitarian global environmental ethics; Environmental ethics and environmental policy. UNESCO.