The Role of Conservation Agriculture in Sustainable AgricultureCSISA
This document discusses conservation agriculture (CA), defined as minimal soil disturbance through no-till practices combined with permanent soil cover from mulching and crop rotations. The document explores the history and benefits of tillage in agriculture before introducing conservation tillage as a more sustainable approach. Case studies from rice-wheat systems in South Asia and maize-wheat systems in Mexico demonstrate how CA practices have raised production while protecting soil and the environment. The paper concludes that CA can help meet growing global food demands in a sustainable way.
Lots of great background info on conservation agriculture including use of cover crops and carbon sequestration rates. Delivered to Project Breadbasket conservation agriculture field workshop in Parana State Brazil by Ademir Calegari, PhD, IAPAR, on July 12, 2011 in Pato Branco.
Conservation Agriculture: Principles, Land Management and Ecosystem Services discusses the principles and benefits of conservation agriculture (CA). CA involves three principles: (1) minimum mechanical soil disturbance, (2) permanent organic soil cover, and (3) crop rotation. The document argues that CA can reverse soil degradation, increase soil health and structure, reduce erosion, increase water retention, and enhance biodiversity compared to conventional tillage agriculture. CA is presented as a sustainable agricultural approach that can increase productivity while preserving resources and the environment.
Agro-ecological approach conservation agriculture and SRI - Prof. Amir KassamSri Lmb
This document summarizes a regional workshop on agroecological approaches to crop and land management, specifically conservation agriculture and the system of rice intensification. It discusses how modern industrial agriculture has disrupted ecosystem functions through intensive tillage and inputs, leading to soil degradation. As alternatives, it promotes conservation agriculture and the system of rice intensification, which are based on minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and diversifying crops. These agroecological principles provide a foundation for sustainable intensification that improves yields while preserving resources and ecosystem services.
This document discusses conservation agriculture in India. It notes that over 120 million hectares of land in India is degraded, including from water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity and acidity. Conservation agriculture is presented as an alternative that can conserve natural resources by minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and diversifying crop species. The three principles of conservation agriculture are identified as minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. Benefits include improved soil structure, organic matter, and reduced erosion. Techniques discussed include zero-tillage, use of crop residues and cover crops, and machinery like the happy seeder.
This presentation was made at "Orientation Programme for Government officials on Urbanization, Climate
Change and Water Issues" held on the 23rd of July.
The document discusses nitrogen use in U.S. agriculture and policy approaches to improve nitrogen management. It finds that 35% of cropland meets best management practices for nitrogen application rate, timing, and method, but improvements are needed for remaining land. Corn receives the most nitrogen fertilizer and is least likely to meet all three best practices. Policy options to incentivize better management include government cost-share programs, including nitrogen management in farm program requirements, and emissions markets. Restored wetlands and vegetative filter strips can supplement on-field improvements by filtering reactive nitrogen from runoff and groundwater. Effective policies require understanding factors influencing fertilizer use and potential environmental tradeoffs of different nitrogen issues.
The Role of Conservation Agriculture in Sustainable AgricultureCSISA
This document discusses conservation agriculture (CA), defined as minimal soil disturbance through no-till practices combined with permanent soil cover from mulching and crop rotations. The document explores the history and benefits of tillage in agriculture before introducing conservation tillage as a more sustainable approach. Case studies from rice-wheat systems in South Asia and maize-wheat systems in Mexico demonstrate how CA practices have raised production while protecting soil and the environment. The paper concludes that CA can help meet growing global food demands in a sustainable way.
Lots of great background info on conservation agriculture including use of cover crops and carbon sequestration rates. Delivered to Project Breadbasket conservation agriculture field workshop in Parana State Brazil by Ademir Calegari, PhD, IAPAR, on July 12, 2011 in Pato Branco.
Conservation Agriculture: Principles, Land Management and Ecosystem Services discusses the principles and benefits of conservation agriculture (CA). CA involves three principles: (1) minimum mechanical soil disturbance, (2) permanent organic soil cover, and (3) crop rotation. The document argues that CA can reverse soil degradation, increase soil health and structure, reduce erosion, increase water retention, and enhance biodiversity compared to conventional tillage agriculture. CA is presented as a sustainable agricultural approach that can increase productivity while preserving resources and the environment.
Agro-ecological approach conservation agriculture and SRI - Prof. Amir KassamSri Lmb
This document summarizes a regional workshop on agroecological approaches to crop and land management, specifically conservation agriculture and the system of rice intensification. It discusses how modern industrial agriculture has disrupted ecosystem functions through intensive tillage and inputs, leading to soil degradation. As alternatives, it promotes conservation agriculture and the system of rice intensification, which are based on minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and diversifying crops. These agroecological principles provide a foundation for sustainable intensification that improves yields while preserving resources and ecosystem services.
This document discusses conservation agriculture in India. It notes that over 120 million hectares of land in India is degraded, including from water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity and acidity. Conservation agriculture is presented as an alternative that can conserve natural resources by minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and diversifying crop species. The three principles of conservation agriculture are identified as minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. Benefits include improved soil structure, organic matter, and reduced erosion. Techniques discussed include zero-tillage, use of crop residues and cover crops, and machinery like the happy seeder.
This presentation was made at "Orientation Programme for Government officials on Urbanization, Climate
Change and Water Issues" held on the 23rd of July.
The document discusses nitrogen use in U.S. agriculture and policy approaches to improve nitrogen management. It finds that 35% of cropland meets best management practices for nitrogen application rate, timing, and method, but improvements are needed for remaining land. Corn receives the most nitrogen fertilizer and is least likely to meet all three best practices. Policy options to incentivize better management include government cost-share programs, including nitrogen management in farm program requirements, and emissions markets. Restored wetlands and vegetative filter strips can supplement on-field improvements by filtering reactive nitrogen from runoff and groundwater. Effective policies require understanding factors influencing fertilizer use and potential environmental tradeoffs of different nitrogen issues.
Crop residue management involves maintaining at least 60% soil cover after harvest to protect water quality and soil from erosion. It conserves soil moisture and organic matter while improving soil aeration, infiltration, and structure. Crop residues left after harvest include stalks, leaves, and stems. They can be burned, which causes air pollution, or left in fields, where they interfere with tilling but maintain soil nutrients and moisture levels. Potential uses of crop residues include producing biomass energy, livestock feed, compost, biogas, and industrial materials.
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of potassium fertilizer application rates and timing, and crop stover management, on soil properties, crop yields, and nutrient balances in an upland rice-soybean rotation system on an Indonesian Ultisol. The study was conducted over two years and included six crops - cowpea, cowpea, rice, soybean, rice, and soybean. Treatments included applying potassium as either a single or split application at rates of 70, 250, or 600 kg K/ha, and either returning or removing crop stover after harvest. Key results showed that returning stover allowed maintaining soil potassium levels with a single 70 kg K/ha application, while stover
This document discusses the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) for soil health and resilience. It summarizes several studies that found soil carbon levels were higher in rotations that included perennial forages. An example 3-year crop rotation of winter wheat over-seeded with red clover, soybeans, and corn is provided. Benefits of red clover for soils are outlined, such as increasing microbial activity, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter. Maintaining SOM through practices like cover crops and maintaining crop residues is important for sustaining soil productivity.
1. The document discusses farming systems and sustainable agriculture. It defines farming systems and lists their advantages.
2. Key components of sustainable agriculture are discussed, including soil conservation, crop diversity, nutrient management, and integrated pest management.
3. The three pillars of sustainability - economic, environmental, and social - are outlined. Benefits and disadvantages of sustainable agriculture are also provided.
This document summarizes research on using switchgrass and perennial grasses for biofuel production. The main conclusion is that the US can displace over 30% of current petroleum consumption by 2030 using crop residues and biomass from perennial crops like switchgrass to produce cellulosic ethanol. Research has shown that switchgrass is well-suited as a biofuel feedstock because it is native, low-input, high-yielding, supports soil and wildlife conservation, and can be harvested with existing farm equipment. USDA and university researchers have made progress in improving switchgrass through breeding programs and optimizing its management through studies of harvest timing, nitrogen fertilization needs, and cultivar evaluations.
KEYNOTE PRESENTATION - Is soil biodiversity a nature-based solution? Mr Wim v...Soils FAO-GSP
This webinar aims to discuss the global status, gaps and multiple benefits of soil biodiversity as a key contributor in sustaining life in this planet.
Phillip Is, Pacific Ocean: Drivers of landscape degradation and recovery and ...Richard Thackway
We present an assessment of the modification of the vegetation condition found on Phillip Island relative to a fully natural pre-European (1750) reference state and the current land and sea birds recorded on the Island. The island became denuded between the late 1700s and mid-1850s. Introductions of pigs, goats and rabbits were made to feed to penal colony of the nearby Norfolk Island. Almost complete loss of vegetation types, extent and condition is attributed to a deliberate land management regime: used to feed the pigs and goats. Pigs and goats became extinct with the loss of vegetation on the Island. Rabbits persisted on the Island until 1988, when they were eradicated. Changes in the extent of vegetation cover has been remarkable from a very low level up to 1900-1980 (estimated <1%); it now covers large areas of the island including valleys and gulleys and cliffs (estimated 50%). Our analyses show that the condition of the largely passively recovered vegetation extent is not of a high condition relative to an assumed reference state (1750) for Pine – Hardwood Subtropical Rainforest. A reconstructed pre-European settlement (original) list of sea birds shows that sea birds diversity on the island have changed little in three recent bird surveys (1978-2015). A reconstructed pre-European settlement (original) list of land birds shows that land birds have obviously changed, with many of the current species not represented in the pre-European list. The current list of land birds, which make up most of the current list of species recorded on Phillip Island have invaded from the nearby Norfolk Island. We conclude that current bird species diversity and distribution on the island is a not a function of the condition of the indigenous native vegetation, assessed relative to a pre-European reference state, but rather it appears to be a response to the lack of mammalian grazing mammals and the present of open to dense shrubby vegetation.
Land degradation leads to various environmental and economic problems. Wastelands can be reclaimed through different methods depending on their condition. Easily reclaimable wastelands can be used for agriculture by improving soil quality. Marginal wastelands can use agroforestry which plants trees and crops together. Extremely degraded wastelands may only support forestation or natural ecosystem restoration. Jatropha plantations show potential for wasteland reclamation but farmers face challenges like lack of technical knowledge, long growth periods, and climate issues. The oil and press cake of jatropha have many useful applications.
This study assessed the impacts of biochar, mineral nitrogen fertilizer, and biofertilizers on switchgrass yield, carbon sequestration, soil carbon dioxide concentration, and carbon dioxide emissions over two growing seasons in a sandy loam soil. Biochar increased switchgrass yield by about 10% in the first year and root biomass by up to 50% after two years. Mineral nitrogen fertilization also increased yield and plant carbon sequestration. Biochar increased soil carbon dioxide concentration by up to 50% but its impact on carbon dioxide emissions from the soil varied over time. The highest carbon sequestration budget was obtained with a combination of biochar and mineral nitrogen fertilization. About one-third of
OP24:ECONOMIC VALUE OF MANAGING BGBD: THE CASE OF RHIZOBIUM AND TRICHODERMA SPPCSM _BGBD biodiversity
This document discusses the economic value of managing beneficial soil microorganisms like Rhizobium and Trichoderma species in addressing land and soil degradation issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. It notes that overuse of land has exhausted soils in the region. Introducing beneficial bacteria can help improve soil fertility and crop yields by fixing nitrogen, adding biomass, and reducing erosion. The document examines evidence that inoculating crops with Rhizobium in Pakistan, Vietnam, and Kenya increased yields and profits while reducing fertilizer costs. Managing beneficial soil microbes is presented as a potentially important strategy for sustainably increasing agricultural production in Africa.
Myself Vijay Kumar Shrivastav completed M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) from G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in 1996.
In this presentation I have covered the title " Waste lands and means to reclaim them"
This presentation covers various points related to Wastelands and means to reclaim them, wasteland, wasteland reclamation, classification of wastelands, need of wasteland reclamation, causes of land degradation, methods of wasteland reclamation, afforestation, reforestation, mulching, strip farming, terracing, contour ploughing, plant growth promoting bacteria, NWDB , (NATIONAL WASTELAND DEVELOPMENT BOARD), Jetropha plantation, constraints in Jetropha cultivation etc.
My YouTube channel name "JOURNEY WITH VIJAYKUMAR SHRIVASTAV" published contents and link as below :
1. Seed Science and Technology – Basics
Link : https://youtu.be/JxCJnmq3o8s
2. Seed Development Programs & Seed and Agricultural Organizations
Link : https://youtu.be/kWBc2Eobdxc
3. Principles of Hybrid seed Production
Link : https://youtu.be/6TvYhv4XG8c
4. An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy
Link : https://youtu.be/HM0WMe5X228
5. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress (Hindi) ( झारखण्ड के विभिन्न जलवायु क्षेत्र , वर्षा प्रणाली एवं अजैविक दबाव )
Link : https://youtu.be/sGG7AT6-EoY
6. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress
Link : https://youtu.be/00rL1Pj5Kkk
7. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming
Link : https://youtu.be/8UGR1RTJeVQ
8. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming (झारखण्ड की वर्षा पोषित कृषि , मुख्य फसलें , वर्षा जल संचयन और मत्स्य पालन) - In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/mi4AwBvkAeg
9. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming
Link : https://youtu.be/1gxu6hmZ0us
10. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming ( झारखण्ड की मृदा उर्वरता की अवस्था , मिट्टी की स्वास्थ्य वृद्धि और जैविक खेती की अवधारणा )-In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/9-R5c7_HDN8
11. Classification of crops
Link : https://youtu.be/VHC8izeI4cA
12. Seeds and sowing
Link : https://youtu.be/9DsWBOyBO0Q
13. Classification of crops (फसलों के वर्गीकरण )-Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/ySDb-Qs-rz8
14. Concept of Agro-forestry.mp4
Link : https://youtu.be/E5-xwdsLOiM
15. Wastelands and Means to Reclaim them
https://youtu.be/qbwT5DXoFUU
The document summarizes a global review of integrated landscape management (ILM) initiatives. It discusses the goal of bolstering evidence about ILM approaches to support practitioners, policymakers, and advocates in developing and scaling up effective practices. It outlines a structure for knowledge products addressing key questions related to ILM's global potential, implementation, markets, policies, investments, and future research agenda. Continental reviews are being conducted to characterize ILM initiatives worldwide and identify lessons learned regarding effective adoption of ILM.
Evidence for scaling-up evergreen agriculture to increase productivity and re...africa-rising
Presented by Anthony Kimaro (ICRAF) and Elirehema Swai (ARI-Hombolo) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
This document provides guidance on best practices for land application of manure. It discusses determining appropriate application rates based on soil and manure testing to meet crop nutrient demands. Timing applications before or during crop growth is recommended for maximum benefit. Spreading techniques like injection and mixing with soil minimize odors and runoff. Notification of neighbors and avoiding applications in poor weather can reduce nuisance from odors. Overall the goal is recycling manure nutrients while protecting crops, soil and water quality.
Soil Degradation By Different Land Use Impacts In Tropical RainforestsChristina Parmionova
This document discusses soil degradation in tropical rainforests due to different land uses and the consequences for land rehabilitation. It finds that logging, slash-and-burn agriculture, annual crops and tree plantations can lead to decreases in biomass, soil organic matter, and plant-available nutrients as well as increases in erosion and leaching. Studies in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Ivory Coast examined changes in water and nutrient cycling from rainforest conversion to agroforestry systems like cocoa plantations. The research aimed to evaluate impacts on soils with low to medium fertility and understand how to develop sustainable production systems, especially for small farmers.
The European Union was formally established in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty, which created the EU and established many of its foundational policies and institutions. The EU grew out of earlier economic and political cooperation between European countries after World War 2. By 1995, Austria, Finland and Sweden had joined the newly established EU, bringing the total member states to 15. The Maastricht Treaty laid the groundwork for further economic integration of the EU and defined the concept of European citizenship.
The document outlines Lisanne Post's final paper for an EU course in May 2011. The paper will examine the EU's pursuit of a leading role in global environmental governance, with a focus on climate change negotiations. Specifically, it will analyze the EU's effectiveness and leadership at the Kyoto, Copenhagen, and Cancún climate conferences in achieving its goals and how this has impacted its self-proclaimed leadership. The paper will define different types of leadership and evaluate the EU's leadership qualities based on coherence and credibility.
Crop residue management involves maintaining at least 60% soil cover after harvest to protect water quality and soil from erosion. It conserves soil moisture and organic matter while improving soil aeration, infiltration, and structure. Crop residues left after harvest include stalks, leaves, and stems. They can be burned, which causes air pollution, or left in fields, where they interfere with tilling but maintain soil nutrients and moisture levels. Potential uses of crop residues include producing biomass energy, livestock feed, compost, biogas, and industrial materials.
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of potassium fertilizer application rates and timing, and crop stover management, on soil properties, crop yields, and nutrient balances in an upland rice-soybean rotation system on an Indonesian Ultisol. The study was conducted over two years and included six crops - cowpea, cowpea, rice, soybean, rice, and soybean. Treatments included applying potassium as either a single or split application at rates of 70, 250, or 600 kg K/ha, and either returning or removing crop stover after harvest. Key results showed that returning stover allowed maintaining soil potassium levels with a single 70 kg K/ha application, while stover
This document discusses the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) for soil health and resilience. It summarizes several studies that found soil carbon levels were higher in rotations that included perennial forages. An example 3-year crop rotation of winter wheat over-seeded with red clover, soybeans, and corn is provided. Benefits of red clover for soils are outlined, such as increasing microbial activity, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter. Maintaining SOM through practices like cover crops and maintaining crop residues is important for sustaining soil productivity.
1. The document discusses farming systems and sustainable agriculture. It defines farming systems and lists their advantages.
2. Key components of sustainable agriculture are discussed, including soil conservation, crop diversity, nutrient management, and integrated pest management.
3. The three pillars of sustainability - economic, environmental, and social - are outlined. Benefits and disadvantages of sustainable agriculture are also provided.
This document summarizes research on using switchgrass and perennial grasses for biofuel production. The main conclusion is that the US can displace over 30% of current petroleum consumption by 2030 using crop residues and biomass from perennial crops like switchgrass to produce cellulosic ethanol. Research has shown that switchgrass is well-suited as a biofuel feedstock because it is native, low-input, high-yielding, supports soil and wildlife conservation, and can be harvested with existing farm equipment. USDA and university researchers have made progress in improving switchgrass through breeding programs and optimizing its management through studies of harvest timing, nitrogen fertilization needs, and cultivar evaluations.
KEYNOTE PRESENTATION - Is soil biodiversity a nature-based solution? Mr Wim v...Soils FAO-GSP
This webinar aims to discuss the global status, gaps and multiple benefits of soil biodiversity as a key contributor in sustaining life in this planet.
Phillip Is, Pacific Ocean: Drivers of landscape degradation and recovery and ...Richard Thackway
We present an assessment of the modification of the vegetation condition found on Phillip Island relative to a fully natural pre-European (1750) reference state and the current land and sea birds recorded on the Island. The island became denuded between the late 1700s and mid-1850s. Introductions of pigs, goats and rabbits were made to feed to penal colony of the nearby Norfolk Island. Almost complete loss of vegetation types, extent and condition is attributed to a deliberate land management regime: used to feed the pigs and goats. Pigs and goats became extinct with the loss of vegetation on the Island. Rabbits persisted on the Island until 1988, when they were eradicated. Changes in the extent of vegetation cover has been remarkable from a very low level up to 1900-1980 (estimated <1%); it now covers large areas of the island including valleys and gulleys and cliffs (estimated 50%). Our analyses show that the condition of the largely passively recovered vegetation extent is not of a high condition relative to an assumed reference state (1750) for Pine – Hardwood Subtropical Rainforest. A reconstructed pre-European settlement (original) list of sea birds shows that sea birds diversity on the island have changed little in three recent bird surveys (1978-2015). A reconstructed pre-European settlement (original) list of land birds shows that land birds have obviously changed, with many of the current species not represented in the pre-European list. The current list of land birds, which make up most of the current list of species recorded on Phillip Island have invaded from the nearby Norfolk Island. We conclude that current bird species diversity and distribution on the island is a not a function of the condition of the indigenous native vegetation, assessed relative to a pre-European reference state, but rather it appears to be a response to the lack of mammalian grazing mammals and the present of open to dense shrubby vegetation.
Land degradation leads to various environmental and economic problems. Wastelands can be reclaimed through different methods depending on their condition. Easily reclaimable wastelands can be used for agriculture by improving soil quality. Marginal wastelands can use agroforestry which plants trees and crops together. Extremely degraded wastelands may only support forestation or natural ecosystem restoration. Jatropha plantations show potential for wasteland reclamation but farmers face challenges like lack of technical knowledge, long growth periods, and climate issues. The oil and press cake of jatropha have many useful applications.
This study assessed the impacts of biochar, mineral nitrogen fertilizer, and biofertilizers on switchgrass yield, carbon sequestration, soil carbon dioxide concentration, and carbon dioxide emissions over two growing seasons in a sandy loam soil. Biochar increased switchgrass yield by about 10% in the first year and root biomass by up to 50% after two years. Mineral nitrogen fertilization also increased yield and plant carbon sequestration. Biochar increased soil carbon dioxide concentration by up to 50% but its impact on carbon dioxide emissions from the soil varied over time. The highest carbon sequestration budget was obtained with a combination of biochar and mineral nitrogen fertilization. About one-third of
OP24:ECONOMIC VALUE OF MANAGING BGBD: THE CASE OF RHIZOBIUM AND TRICHODERMA SPPCSM _BGBD biodiversity
This document discusses the economic value of managing beneficial soil microorganisms like Rhizobium and Trichoderma species in addressing land and soil degradation issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. It notes that overuse of land has exhausted soils in the region. Introducing beneficial bacteria can help improve soil fertility and crop yields by fixing nitrogen, adding biomass, and reducing erosion. The document examines evidence that inoculating crops with Rhizobium in Pakistan, Vietnam, and Kenya increased yields and profits while reducing fertilizer costs. Managing beneficial soil microbes is presented as a potentially important strategy for sustainably increasing agricultural production in Africa.
Myself Vijay Kumar Shrivastav completed M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) from G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in 1996.
In this presentation I have covered the title " Waste lands and means to reclaim them"
This presentation covers various points related to Wastelands and means to reclaim them, wasteland, wasteland reclamation, classification of wastelands, need of wasteland reclamation, causes of land degradation, methods of wasteland reclamation, afforestation, reforestation, mulching, strip farming, terracing, contour ploughing, plant growth promoting bacteria, NWDB , (NATIONAL WASTELAND DEVELOPMENT BOARD), Jetropha plantation, constraints in Jetropha cultivation etc.
My YouTube channel name "JOURNEY WITH VIJAYKUMAR SHRIVASTAV" published contents and link as below :
1. Seed Science and Technology – Basics
Link : https://youtu.be/JxCJnmq3o8s
2. Seed Development Programs & Seed and Agricultural Organizations
Link : https://youtu.be/kWBc2Eobdxc
3. Principles of Hybrid seed Production
Link : https://youtu.be/6TvYhv4XG8c
4. An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy
Link : https://youtu.be/HM0WMe5X228
5. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress (Hindi) ( झारखण्ड के विभिन्न जलवायु क्षेत्र , वर्षा प्रणाली एवं अजैविक दबाव )
Link : https://youtu.be/sGG7AT6-EoY
6. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress
Link : https://youtu.be/00rL1Pj5Kkk
7. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming
Link : https://youtu.be/8UGR1RTJeVQ
8. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming (झारखण्ड की वर्षा पोषित कृषि , मुख्य फसलें , वर्षा जल संचयन और मत्स्य पालन) - In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/mi4AwBvkAeg
9. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming
Link : https://youtu.be/1gxu6hmZ0us
10. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming ( झारखण्ड की मृदा उर्वरता की अवस्था , मिट्टी की स्वास्थ्य वृद्धि और जैविक खेती की अवधारणा )-In Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/9-R5c7_HDN8
11. Classification of crops
Link : https://youtu.be/VHC8izeI4cA
12. Seeds and sowing
Link : https://youtu.be/9DsWBOyBO0Q
13. Classification of crops (फसलों के वर्गीकरण )-Hindi
Link : https://youtu.be/ySDb-Qs-rz8
14. Concept of Agro-forestry.mp4
Link : https://youtu.be/E5-xwdsLOiM
15. Wastelands and Means to Reclaim them
https://youtu.be/qbwT5DXoFUU
The document summarizes a global review of integrated landscape management (ILM) initiatives. It discusses the goal of bolstering evidence about ILM approaches to support practitioners, policymakers, and advocates in developing and scaling up effective practices. It outlines a structure for knowledge products addressing key questions related to ILM's global potential, implementation, markets, policies, investments, and future research agenda. Continental reviews are being conducted to characterize ILM initiatives worldwide and identify lessons learned regarding effective adoption of ILM.
Evidence for scaling-up evergreen agriculture to increase productivity and re...africa-rising
Presented by Anthony Kimaro (ICRAF) and Elirehema Swai (ARI-Hombolo) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
This document provides guidance on best practices for land application of manure. It discusses determining appropriate application rates based on soil and manure testing to meet crop nutrient demands. Timing applications before or during crop growth is recommended for maximum benefit. Spreading techniques like injection and mixing with soil minimize odors and runoff. Notification of neighbors and avoiding applications in poor weather can reduce nuisance from odors. Overall the goal is recycling manure nutrients while protecting crops, soil and water quality.
Soil Degradation By Different Land Use Impacts In Tropical RainforestsChristina Parmionova
This document discusses soil degradation in tropical rainforests due to different land uses and the consequences for land rehabilitation. It finds that logging, slash-and-burn agriculture, annual crops and tree plantations can lead to decreases in biomass, soil organic matter, and plant-available nutrients as well as increases in erosion and leaching. Studies in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Ivory Coast examined changes in water and nutrient cycling from rainforest conversion to agroforestry systems like cocoa plantations. The research aimed to evaluate impacts on soils with low to medium fertility and understand how to develop sustainable production systems, especially for small farmers.
The European Union was formally established in 1993 by the Maastricht Treaty, which created the EU and established many of its foundational policies and institutions. The EU grew out of earlier economic and political cooperation between European countries after World War 2. By 1995, Austria, Finland and Sweden had joined the newly established EU, bringing the total member states to 15. The Maastricht Treaty laid the groundwork for further economic integration of the EU and defined the concept of European citizenship.
The document outlines Lisanne Post's final paper for an EU course in May 2011. The paper will examine the EU's pursuit of a leading role in global environmental governance, with a focus on climate change negotiations. Specifically, it will analyze the EU's effectiveness and leadership at the Kyoto, Copenhagen, and Cancún climate conferences in achieving its goals and how this has impacted its self-proclaimed leadership. The paper will define different types of leadership and evaluate the EU's leadership qualities based on coherence and credibility.
The document summarizes the implementation of the EU Environmental Noise Directive over the past 10 years. It discusses (1) progress made in noise mapping and assessment, but notes room for improvement in comparability; (2) most member states have drafted noise action plans, but enforcement is lacking; and (3) the full potential of the directive has yet to be realized, and effectiveness can be further increased through a revised framework and strengthened legislation regulating noise sources.
The EU has a strategy to stop species and habitat decline by 2020 through Natura, a network of 26,000 protected areas covering 20% of EU land. The EU aims to support sustainable activities in these areas and avoid overusing natural resources by changing its economy, educating the public, and funding research. The EU also sets environmental standards, supports conservation projects, and works with Asia on issues like pollution, resource management, and developing sustainable solutions.
Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon I...Daniel Gabadón-Estevan
Conference: Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry? The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector
Gabaldón-Estevan, D., Mezquita, A., Ferrer, S. and Monfort, E. 11th International Conference on Innovation and Management - ICIM 2014, Vaasa (Finland) 18-20 November 2014.
Zambia Vision 2030 v
FOREWORD
Since independence in 1964, Zambia has prepared and implemented several medium term
national development plans. Each of these instruments carried a theme and strategic focus,
which primarily aimed to improve the social economic conditions of our people. These plans,
however, were not prepared within the context of a long-term perspective, which looked over
the horizon of a generation.
The last decade has witnessed an increase in calls, by the general citizenry, for the need to
break with the past and prepare a shared and commonly understood dream for the country.
For this reason, the Government in 2005 initiated the process of preparing the Vision 2030.
This was done through a participatory and consultative process that covered all the 72
districts of the Republic. I am especially pleased at the eagerness and commitment that was
exhibited by many of the stakeholders during the consultative process. This clearly
demonstrates the desire of the Zambian people to take decisive steps towards creating a firm
foundation for a sustainable and prosperous future.
It is, therefore, with great pleasure that I now present the Vision 2030, reflecting the
collective understanding, aspirations and determination of the Zambian people to be a
prosperous middle-income nation. This document sets out the goals and targets to be
achieved in the various spheres of our social-economic life over the next generation. In
addition, challenges and obstacles that we must overcome in order to realize our aspiration
are presented.
The Vision 2030 is founded on seven key basic principles. These principles are: (i)
sustainable development; (ii) upholding democratic principles; (iii) respect for human rights;
(iv) fostering family values; (v) a positive attitude to work; (vi) peaceful coexistence; and
(vii) upholding good traditional values.
Despite the seemingly long time in which the Vision 2030 will be implemented, its
realization will depend on the actions and measures that we undertake as Government, private
sector cooperating partners, civil society and as individuals through short and medium-term
national development plans. These plans will ensure creation of necessary conditions upon
which long term objectives and targets can be achieved.
Since the Vision 2030 will serve as the guide for all development efforts, the commitment
and dedication of all Zambians to its realization is of paramount importance. Our attitudes
and collective mindsets, particularly towards work and participation in national affairs require
changing. I, therefore, call upon all Zambians, in all spheres of life, to rise to the occasion
and take up this challenge of elevating this nation to a new and flourishing future. God Bless
this great and peaceful nation.
The document provides an overview of EU environmental policy and law. It discusses several key points:
1. The reasons for an EU environmental policy include issues like air and sea pollution being borderless and environmental protection being an objective of the EU Treaties.
2. Major milestones in EU environmental law include the addition of a chapter on the environment to the Treaty of Rome and environmental protection attaining a constitutional level.
3. Key areas of EU environmental legislation include air and water pollution, waste management, biodiversity protection, and climate change policies like the EU Emissions Trading System.
This document discusses carbon emissions trading in the EU and alternatives like a carbon tax. It covers:
1) The EU Emissions Trading Scheme which creates a market for carbon allowances in an effort to reduce emissions cost-effectively. However, the scheme has faced criticisms like over-allocation of quotas and price volatility.
2) A potential alternative of a carbon tax which would directly price carbon and provide incentives for emission reductions, but faces challenges in agreement and measuring emissions accurately.
3) Key considerations in evaluating different policy approaches include their effectiveness in changing behavior, encouraging innovation, reducing emissions at lowest cost, and achieving global participation. Putting an accurate price on carbon is necessary but not sufficient.
The document summarizes the European Union's environmental policy and Turkey's environmental legislation. It discusses the formation of the EU's environmental policy to address pollution issues. It then outlines the EU's six environment action programs and their focus areas like climate change, biodiversity, and waste management. Finally, it notes that Turkey has signed agreements to align its national environmental programs and legislation with the EU's standards.
Європейський досвід формування та реалізації політики регіонального розвитку....CSIUKRAINE
Європейський досвід формування та реалізації політики регіонального розвитку. Уроки для України. Юрій Третяк Проект ЄС «Підтримка політики регіонального розвитку в Україні»
The European Union consists of 27 member states with over 500 million citizens. It was founded after World War 2 to promote peace and economic cooperation. Key EU institutions include the European Parliament which is elected by EU citizens, the Council of Ministers which represents the member states, and the European Commission which proposes legislation. The EU has a single market with freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and people. It uses the euro as a single currency for 19 member states. The EU aims to promote prosperity, security, research and environmental protection through cooperation between member states.
Policy Processes In The European Union The Case Of Environmental GovernanceEdward Cameron
This is a 15 hour lecture series on European Union policies and institutions, delivered at Abo Akademi University in April 2010. My students were drawn from all over Europe and were predominantly post graduates.
- Agroforestry, which involves integrating trees into agricultural landscapes, is an essential resilience tool to address future food security challenges. It can help increase food production on existing land while making farms more resistant to weather extremes and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- By 2050, global population growth will require 60% more food production on similar land, while making agriculture more resilient to climate change and reducing emissions. Agroforestry can help achieve these goals through increased yields, soil fertility improvements, weather protection, and carbon sequestration.
- Research shows that agroforestry practices like fertilizer trees can significantly increase crop yields compared to non-tree systems or chemical fertilizers alone. These yield gains have been observed
This document discusses research on cover crops, riparian buffers, and native pollinator species being conducted by researchers at the University of Missouri. The research aims to demonstrate the environmental benefits of these practices and conduct outreach. Studies show cover crops improving soil quality and reducing erosion. Demonstration plots are evaluating the effects of planting methods and cover crop types on subsequent crop yields. Additional work involves assessing the impacts of these practices on soil properties, water quality, and riparian buffer plant survival. Outreach activities include field days and workshops to educate farmers on using cover crops.
This document discusses the importance of cover crops in conservation agriculture systems. It notes that a permanent year-round soil cover is central to conservation agriculture. It then discusses the benefits of soil cover, including protecting the soil, improving soil moisture and structure, and providing habitat for other organisms. The document outlines different types of soil cover, including living cover crops and mulch. It provides examples of cover crops and their characteristics. It discusses managing cover crops, including seed sources, planting methods, and challenges to adoption. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of soil cover for sustainable agriculture.
This document discusses agroforestry as an essential tool for climate resilience. It summarizes that by 2050, food production will need to increase 60% on the same land area while making farms more resilient to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Agroforestry brings many benefits like increased soil fertility and crop yields through the use of fertilizer trees. Studies show agroforestry systems can produce higher yields than chemical fertilizers alone. Agroforestry also improves climate resilience by buffering weather impacts and storing large amounts of carbon in soils and trees. The document argues agroforestry is key to achieving food security and climate goals by 2050 by sustainably increasing production while reducing emissions and adapting to climate change.
Realizing sustainable agricultural mechanization in Africa. Conservation agriculture (CA) principles include minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. CA can help address food security challenges in Africa by increasing yields while protecting soils from degradation. The three principles overlap to provide maximum benefits like improved water infiltration, soil structure and biology. CA is applicable in different environments and to various crops. Challenges include integrating crops and livestock, weeding, and labor requirements. Adoption of CA is increasing globally and in some African countries but remains low across much of the continent.
This document summarizes a presentation on promoting conservation agriculture in West Africa to address challenges of climate change and food insecurity. It outlines major constraints like poverty and declining resources. Conservation agriculture is presented as a climate-smart option that can boost productivity, resilience and mitigate emissions through practices like minimum soil disturbance, cover crops and crop rotations. Case studies from the Sahel show conservation agriculture increasing yields and tree cover at large scale. Further research is needed to understand how to incentivize adoption and scale up conservation agriculture across diverse regions of West Africa.
Conservation agriculture in the context of climate change in West AfricaRobert Zougmoré
One of CCAFS over-arching objectives is to assess and test pro-poor adaptation and mitigation practices, technologies and policies for food systems, adaptive capacity and rural livelihoods. Conservation agriculture (CA) is one of the promising climate-smart agriculture options as it allows benefiting from the synergies between adaptation and mitigation while also improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. As such, CA promotion needs to be tapped into the general framework for a sound and widespread adoption of evidence-based technologies in West Africa. Getting the big pictures to insure millions of farmers will require sound scaling-up approaches of successful CA options for the semi-arid West Africa.
This document provides an overview of a watershed-based research project in Ethiopia aimed at mitigating land degradation and improving livelihoods. The project characterized the Gumara-Maksegnit watershed through soil sampling and satellite imagery analysis. Research interventions focused on sustainable land management, water harvesting, and supplemental irrigation. Key results showed that soil conservation measures reduced sediment yield by up to 44% and watershed modeling indicated reforestation and conservation could decrease sediment yield by 79-86%. The project also evaluated new crop varieties, agronomic practices, and introduced forage crops and goat breeding to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods.
Agro forestry 'By Allah Dad Khan Lecture To Students Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses agroforestry, which involves growing trees together with crops and/or livestock. Some key objectives and benefits of agroforestry include enhancing nutrient cycling, improving soil quality and structure, increasing productivity in a sustainable way, providing income and resources, and moderating microclimates. Specifically, agroforestry can control erosion, maintain soil organic matter and nutrients, utilize solar energy efficiently, and augment soil water availability. While domestication can increase susceptibility to pests and diseases, agroforestry helps relieve pressure on natural forests when used to reclaim degraded land.
Agroforestry involves integrating trees into crop and livestock operations. It provides environmental benefits like enhancing soil and water quality, sequestering carbon, and increasing biodiversity. Agroforestry also improves farm productivity and sustainability through increased outputs, nutrient cycling between plants, and conserving the resource base. Some key benefits are controlling erosion, maintaining soil organic matter and physical properties, closing nutrient cycles, moderating microclimates, and augmenting soil water availability. While agroforestry provides income and resources, domesticating species can increase susceptibility to pests and diseases when grown in monocultures.
This document discusses agroforestry, which involves growing trees together with crops and/or livestock. It outlines several objectives of agroforestry such as enhancing nutrient cycling, managing tree-soil interactions, promoting on-farm diversity, and developing coping mechanisms for climate variability. The document also discusses the environmental benefits of agroforestry such as soil and water protection, carbon sequestration, and improved biodiversity. Additionally, it lists many benefits of agroforestry for productivity, sustainability, and rural economies through increased soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and provision of resources. However, it notes some potential disadvantages of domesticating forest species, including increased susceptibility to pests and loss of ecological functions when replacing natural forests.
Principles and approaches of converting conventional farms into sustainable f...Rajiv Khanal
Sustainable agriculture is one that produces abundant food without depleting the earth’s resources or polluting its environment. It is agriculture that follows the principles of nature to develop systems for raising crops and livestock that are, like nature, self-sustaining. Sustainable agriculture is also the agriculture of social values, one whose success is indistinguishable from vibrant rural communities, rich lives for families on the farms, and wholesome food for everyone. But in the first decade of the 21st Century, sustainable agriculture, as a set of commonly accepted practices or a model farm economy, is still in its infancy—more than an idea, but only just.
A combination of biotechnology and nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize agricultural systems and provide solutions for current and future problems. These include the development and use of smart fertilizers with controlled nutrient release, together with bioformulations based on bacteria or enzymes.
Crop diversification for Sustainable AgricultureGuru6005
This document discusses crop diversification in India. It defines crop diversification as shifting from less profitable crops or systems to more profitable and sustainable ones. It notes some key benefits as increasing income, withstanding price fluctuations, and improving sustainability. Some important approaches discussed are horizontal diversification through crop substitution or intensification, and vertical diversification through crops, livestock, fisheries etc. Factors determining successful diversification include environment, infrastructure, prices and household factors. Priority areas identified include shifting from low to high value crops, single to mixed crops, and agriculture to agriculture plus processing. Constraints to diversification in India include rainfall dependence and issues around land fragmentation and input supply.
This document presents a vision for climate-smart agriculture (CSA). It discusses what CSA is, potential mitigation and adaptation options in CSA, and the path forward. Key points include: CSA aims to support food security, adaptation, and low emissions; mitigation options include practices like alternate wetting and drying in rice and improved nitrogen use efficiency; adaptation relies on technology, knowledge, risk management, and transformative changes; moving forward requires analytical tools to evaluate trade-offs and support integrated decision making at multiple levels.
I shared this presentation at the IL Regional Tillage Seminar in Milan IL on 1/27/2011.
Some edits have been made for increased clarity without the commentary.
Petaluma Community Guild Guild Compost Forum — Will Bakx: Carbon FarmingPetaluma Grange
Slide presentation from Will Bakx, CEO of Sonoma Compost and organizing member of the Sonoma County Compost Coalition. Delivered at the Petaluma Community Guild's public forum — "Compost in the North Bay: A Public Forum & Solution Showcase" — April 27, 2016 at the Petaluma Historical Museum.
Best Practices In Land And Water ManagementJosé Jump
Government organizations need to serve farmer clients in more interdisciplinary and participatory ways
Re-orient agriculture and rural development programmes to promote and nurture active participation of farmers and their organizations
Target the production chain: GAP-LWM productivity + food quality markets health and nutrition
Participatory research and support services to facilitate transition from conventional agriculture to GAP-LWM
Restructure inappropriate macro-economic and agricultural policies
Adopt policies that promote and enforce sustainable and productive land and water use through GAP protocols
Protect the integrity of agricultural families – land tenure, build on indigenous knowledge, promote youth in agriculture, reduce labour/drudgery
Adjust legislation to facilitate initiatives of local groups adopting GAP (help meet their needs)
Similar to Environmental decision making in the European Union and Canada (20)
Water Wednesday - Murray Darling Basin Plan: Striking the right balance
The Water Research Centre in conjunction with Australian Water Association SA Branch presented Water Wednesday on 29 February 2012.
This special joint Water Wednesday forum featured a presentation from Professor Barry Hart, an independent member of the Murray Darling Basin Authority, on the Draft Basin Plan which is currently out for public review.
Professor Hugh Possingham is currently the Director of the Ecology Centre at The University of Queensland. Hugh has over 290 publications, 5300 Web of Science citations and a lab of 32 students and staff. Work from his lab helped stop land clearing ("the Brigalow Declaration") in Queensland and NSW securing at least 1 billion tonnes of CO2.
"We generally assume that all monitoring is good. However there are numerous examples of people monitoring things to extinction and monitoring with no clear objective. Hugh Possingham will present a completely different way of looking at environmental monitoring - using decision science thinking. This approach enables us to work out how much of our precious budget should be spent monitoring, if any! The problem with existing monitoring, aside from doing too little, is that ecologists have been trained within a classical null hypothesis testing framework - great for pure science, rubbish for solving environmental problems."
Pollinator-mediated floral evolution and speciation in southern African Irida...University of Adelaide
Part 3 of the 2010 ACEBB seminar series, Dr Paul Rymer presents "Pollinator-mediated floral evolution and speciation in southern African Iridaceae."
Abstract: Explaining the rapid diversification of flowering plants remains one of the greatest challenges facing evolutionary biologists. The pollinator-shift hypothesis developed by Grant (1949) and Stebbins (1970) is the most widely accepted explanation. However, pollinator mediated selection is yet to be shown to result in speciation. The focus of my investigation has been biodiversity hotspots in southern Africa, primarily because they harbour exceptional plant species diversity and endemism, and therefore the promise of detecting speciation in action. In an attempt to unravel the processes driving the evolution of floral traits and speciation, I have taken a multi-faceted approach. I will present my findings from three very different studies:
1. Macroevolution in Sparaxis (Iridaceae),
2. Population genetics in Gladiolus carinatus species complex (Iridaceae),
3. Mating patterns in Gladiolus longicollis (Iridaceae). These studies highlight the role of pollination in recent and continuous speciation events.
Professor Eric Mazur presents a seminar entitled "Confessions of a converted lecturer." Eric is a Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Harvard University. Eric explains how he has adjusted his approach to teaching and how it has improved his students' performance significantly.
Plant Introductions & Evolution: Hybrid Speciation and Gene TransferUniversity of Adelaide
Professor Richard Abbott presents a seminar entitled "Gene transfer and plant evolution: What we have learnt from Senecio." Richard has been at St Andrews University since October 1971 and currently holds a Chair in Plant Evolution. He is also an Editor of New Phytologist, and Associate Editor of Molecular Ecology, and Plant Ecology & Diversity. Richard’s main research focus is on the evolutionary consequences of hybridization in plants using the genus Senecio (Asteraceae) as a system for study.
Disputes concerning the regulation and use of water in the Murray-Darling Basin have now reached a critical point where extended periods of extreme drought and climate change have forced threats of High Court litigation. Whilst a number of similar threats have been made since settlement, no court has ever made an authoritative judgment on such water disputes. As such, many important questions about the rights of States and their residents to take and use water remain unresolved. Professor Williams and Matthew Lee assess both the genesis and development of water law in Australia in order to provide an explanation of how we have arrived at this current water crisis.
Donald, Hobern, the Director of the Atlas of Living of Living Australia presented a talk entitled, "Building the Atlas of Living Australia"
The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) is a partnership between Australian natural history collections and biodiversity research groups. It is developing systems to provide integrated access to all classes of biodiversity data (including names and classification, geospatial data, images, sequences, literature, identification tools and species interactions). The central component will be an information repository which catalogues all data sources and makes them available to support research, policy and education.
Pines and paddocks: socioecology and population genetics of marsupials in fra...University of Adelaide
The eleventh installment of the 2009 Science Seminar Series presented by Doctor Melanie Lancaster. The presentation is entitled "Pines and paddocks: socioecology and population genetics of marsupials in fragmented systems?"
This document summarizes a presentation by Professor Leigh Simmons on sperm competition and sexual selection. It discusses Darwin's original ideas on the topic and how research has expanded since the 1970s to study behavior, morphology, and physiology related to sperm competition across many insect species. Specific studies are highlighted on sperm displacement behavior in yellow dung flies and experimental evolution of ejaculate expenditure in response to varying levels of sperm competition. The research has provided insights into the evolution of male genital morphology and ejaculate quality under monogamous versus polygamous mating systems.
Kane Aldridge presents a seminar from the second Water Wednesday entitled "Future options for the Lower Lakes." Kane Aldridge is a postdoctoral fellow with Water Research Centre with The Environment Institute at The University of Adelaide.
Will simulation-based assessments and decisions save our built environment?University of Adelaide
Associate Professor Veronica Soebarto discussed how building simulation can be used to predict building performance, improve designs, diagnose existing buildings, optimize solutions, and ensure code compliance. Simulation allows assessment of thermal performance, energy usage, indoor environmental quality, and life cycle costs. However, studies show large discrepancies often occur between simulated and actual building performance. Key reasons for differences include problems in design assumptions, construction variations from design, and operational factors not accounted for in simulations.
Justin Brookes presents a seminar from the second Water Wednesday entitled "Potential benefits and impacts of the proposed Chowilla Regulator." Justin Brookes is the Director of the Water Research Centre with The Environment Institute at The University of Adelaide.
Judy Goode presents a seminar from the second Water Wednesday entitled "Options for the environmental future of the River Murray. Judy Goode is the SA River Murray Environmental Manager for the SA MDB NRM board.
Giant Australian cuttlefish: a globally unique species under threat. University of Adelaide
Associate Professor Bronwyn Gillanders presents the fourth installment of the Science Seminar Series entitled "Giant Australian cuttlefish: a globally unique species under threat."
Is water a limiting factor for population growth in South Australia?University of Adelaide
Professor Graeme Hugo presents the fourth installment of the Science Seminar Series entitled Is water a limiting factor for population growth in South Australia
Professor Alan Cooper presents the sixth instalment of the Science Seminar Series. The accurate and rapid assessment of biodiversity is a critical aspect for modern science, and ranges from the measurement of environmental and climate change, to microbes in water systems or at the point of care in medical centres. Similarly, the need for the rapid and responsible economic development of primary resources, and the monitoring of invasive species and biosecurity, also place a premium on the ability to quickly assess and quantify biodiversity across a range of diverse habitats. We have combined methods developed to detect trace amounts of ancient DNA with 2nd Generation Sequencing technology to design a vertical barcoding system capable of rapidly screening the genetic and taxonomic diversity of modern, complex biological samples. In parallel with studies of taxonomically identified museum and herbaria material, this approach promises to provide the first genetic audits of diverse Australian environments.
Beyond the barbed wire fence is a foreign country: thinking and managing acro...University of Adelaide
Australian resource and environmental management faces challenges from boundaries between disciplines, tenures, jurisdictions, and sectors that divide interconnected systems. Large ecological connectivity projects aim to manage biodiversity across these boundaries at unprecedented landscape scales, but have received little attention to the necessary social, policy, and institutional infrastructure required. For these ambitious projects to succeed in breaching boundaries where others have struggled, they must learn from past experiences integrating sectors and address the values, knowledge claims, rules, and organizations involved.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
2. Agri-Environmental Policy in the EU and
North America:
Lessons for Australia?
Guy M Robinson
Centre for Rural Health &
Community Development,
University of South Australia
3. AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Agri-environment policies (AEPs) in the USA, Canada & the
EU are egs of payments for environmental services.
- pays farmers to reduce env disbenefits (negative
externalities) of agric prodn: nutrient run-off, soil erosion
- transfers public funds to farmers;
- creates positive externalities: scenic vistas, farming heritage,
inc biodiversity, desirable habitats;
- can keep farmers on the land.
Different approaches in N. Amer to EU … lessons for Austr?
4. AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Env payments = highly varied and can be rel. unspecific, with
payment not conditional on delivery of the envl. service.
USA – env payments admin thru Conservation Titles of recent
Farm Bills.
EU – Pillar 2 of CAP + cross-compliance provisions within
commodity payments section of Pillar 1.
Canada – Env Farm Plans, varying by province, agreed between
govt & farmers’ orgs. Ltd payments.
5. AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
EU – seen in part as response to Uruguay Round of GATT
- move from direct commodity payments to agri-env and rur
devpt progs (RDPs)
- part of ‘multifunctionality’
- agri-env payments to produce outcomes desired by society
that would not be achieved by other means
- focus on both +ve & -ve externalities: farmers rewarded for
prodn of public goods and reducing –ve externalities
- Promoting less intensive prodn
US – complying with WTO provisions.
- Increased spending from 2002 Farm Bill: envl goals.
6. CONTRASTS
EU farmers paid to reduce stocking densities (in order to
reduce nitrogen surplus)
US farmers paid to reduce nitrogen surplus … could reduce
stocking density or invest in manure storage facilities for
their intensive cattle feed-lot.
Canadian farmers encouraged to prevent run-off into
watercourses by extending buffer zones … may reduce
stocking density.
7. AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
US: forerunner = 1930s Conservation Reserve Program (today
= 10% of US cropland ….+ve effects on commodity prices;
and capitalized into value of fmland).
Size & scope of conservn progs. inc. thru 2002 Farm Bill.
+ Grassland Reserve Prog (GRP)
+ Conservn Security Prog (CSP)
But also inc. funds for commodity progs.
EU: 1986 UK Agric Act – creating ESAs.
- Extended thru 1992 MacSharry reforms to CAP
- More in 2000 and 2003, replacing prodn subsidies with
‘Single Farm Payment’ (compensation for dec fm supports)
8. CROSS-COMPLIANCE
In both the EU & N Amer agri-env policy used to make new
env regns more palatable to farmers.
Baylis et al: agri-env = partial compensation for cross-
compliance … compulsory in EU from 2005, and present in
US thru 1990s (e.g. compensations for retaining & improving
habitats)
- Minimum Good Farming Practice (GFP) levels set for farmers
to qualify for EU Pillar 1 payments & price supports.
9. Cross-compliance in the latest CAP
reforms
“For the first time, the main subsidies are explicitly
linked to compliance with EU standards covering
environmental, public and animal health and animal
welfare. Farmers also have to maintain land in good
agricultural and environmental condition as defined by
the Member States. The Member States will have to
inspect a sample of the farms each year on a systematic
basis to ensure that standards are met.”
http://www.defra.gov.uk/farm/capreform/agreement-
summary.htm
10. CONTRASTS
EU – broader view of agric externalities
- includes tradnl features, e.g. stone walls, rare breeds,
bldgs … compensation for provision by farmers
- farmers as producers of landscape.
US/Can – targets reduction of –ve externalities, e.g. loss of
topsoil, polln of watercourses, loss of habitat
- In US pre-2002 Farm Bill, 90% conservation $ to
farmers went to land retirement.
now some exceptions, e.g. Farm & Ranch Land
Preservn Prog. But subsidises polln reduction in intensive
systems.
11. Objectives of the first Scottish
Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs)
Protect rough grazing
Protect unimproved, enclosed land in valleys
Repair farm dykes/hedges
Regenerate farm woodland
Harmonise new developments with landscape amenity
Limit modern agricultural practices
Encourage traditional crofting techniques
Protect machair from over-stocking
Encourage positive conservation of machair
Protect wetland areas/loch shores from damage
Restrict pesticide usage on edges of arable fields
12. Worksheets in the Ontario
Environmental Farm Plan
Soil and site evaluation Water wells
Soil management Pesticide storage
Nutrient management in growing crops Fertiliser storage
Manure use and management Petroleum products storage
Field crop management Disposal of farm wastes
Pest management Treatment of household wastewater
Stream, ditch and floodplain management Storage of agricultural wastes
Wetlands and wildlife ponds Livestock yards
Woodlands and wildlife Silage storage
Energy efficiency Milking centre wash water
Water efficiency Noise and odour
Horticultural production
13. The six-stage sequence of the EFP
Stage Actions
1. Introductory workshop site evaluation; assess potential concerns
2. Complete farm review review farm operations; complete relevant
worksheets
3. Second workshop consider possible actions; learn how to develop
a realistic plan
4. Complete action plan identify actions for all ‘Fair’ or ‘Poor’ rated
situations; develop timetable for action
5. Peer review add suggestions/ask for changes; return plan to
farmer; send information anonymously to OFC
6. Implementation of plan put plan into action; re-evaluate each year
14. Farmers’ self-assessment of soil
resources
How do you rate on soil resources, pollution, wastes, pesticides?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Variable Best (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Poor (1)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. potential for soil very low low moderate high
compaction
2. effects of harvesting wide choice of good choice of limited choice no choice
harvest dates; harvest dates; of harvest dates; of harvest
good natural or good natural fair natural date; poor
tile drainage drainage drainage natural
drainage
3. crop rotations regular rotation occasional
occasional no rotation
and cover crops with soil- rotation with
rotation but or cover crops
building crops soil-building
little plant and little
and cover crops crops and/or
material returned plant material
cover crops
to soil or left returned in
on surface soil
_____________________________________________________________________________________
15. Range of activities undertaken
within the EFP, 1/4/93 - 31/7/02
Activity % of all activities Activity % of all activities
______________________________________________________________________________
Soil management 25 Disposal of farm wastes 1
Water wells 17 Wetlands and wildlife ponds 1
Storage of agricultural waste 10.5 Water efficiency 1
Stream, ditch and floodplain Fertiliser storage and handling 1
management 7 Noise and odour 1
Livestock yards 6.5 Milking centre wash water 1
Storage of petroleum products 5.5 Horticultural management 0.5
Treatment of household wastewater 4 Silage storage 0.5
Energy efficiency 4 Manure use and management 0.5
Pest management 3.5
Pesticide storage and handling 3
Field crop management 3
Nutrient management in growing crops 2
Woodlands and wildlife 1.5
16. EFP-related actions taken by farmers
600 no-till planter drill purchases
220 double-wall farm fuel tanks
600 watercourse and woodland fencing projects
to restrict livestock movement
250 transplanting projects
200 household septic system replacements
1600 drinking water well upgrade or plugging
projects
300 foam markers purchased for sprayers
17. Items of Work in England’s
Countryside Stewardship Scheme
Managing grassland Managing fen and reedbeds
Lowland hay meadows Managing fen
Upland hay meadows Managing reedbed
Lowland and Culm pastures and old pastures
Upland in-bye pasture Managing lowland heath
Upland rough grazing enclosed pastures Maintaining existing lowland heath
Upland rough grazing Enhancing existing lowland heath
Chalk and limestone grassland Re-creating heath
Upland limestone grassland
Recreating grassland on cultivated land Access Agreements
- Supplement for raised water levels Open
- Supplement for use of native seed Linear - footpaths
Bridleways
Access for the disabled
Access for educational purposes
18. CONCLUSIONS
Grt variety of progs to choose from if anyone wishes to copy
or ‘learn’ from the experience of AEPs in the EU & N Amer.
In the EU progs often have multiple (rel unspecific) aims &
reflect baselines determined nationally; N Amer – more
targeted & more reflective of producer’s opportunity cost
(e.g. competitive auction-based … may enhance
additionality).
Monitoring – variable!
EU – reflects taxpayers’ views; US – AEP correlates with
other agric subsidies, not conservn awareness.
19. The End!
Paper has drawn upon the following:
Baylis et al (2008) Ecological Economics
Robinson (2006) Geoforum; Geogrl J.
Robinson (1994) J. Env. Planning & Management
Robinson (1991) Land Use Policy