Associate Professor Bronwyn Gillanders presents the fourth installment of the Science Seminar Series entitled "Giant Australian cuttlefish: a globally unique species under threat."
Coracles are dominant fishing craft in South Indian reservoirs. They are made of a large, circular basket with low sides and a hide covering. Fishermen use gill nets, shore seines and longlines from coracles. Catamarans, made of 3-5 logs tied together, are used in pairs for boat seines and individually for longlines and cast nets. Common inland fishing gears include cast nets, gill nets, seines, lift nets, drag nets, hooks and lines, and traps. Trawlers have been tried experimentally in some Indian reservoirs.
The document provides details about a hands-on training program on seed production in fisheries. It describes the objectives, sites, and learning objectives of the program. Specifically, it focuses on carp breeding and seed production at two centers - Carp Seed Production and Rearing Center in Bodla and Carp Seed Rearing Center in Khairbanakala. It discusses the facilities at these centers and provides pictures to illustrate the spawning pools, incubation units, ponds, and other infrastructure. It also explains the standard procedures followed for induced breeding of carp and rearing of carp seeds.
The document summarizes the anatomy and histology of the integumentary system of fish. It describes the main layers of fish skin as the cuticle, epidermis, basement membrane, dermis, and hypodermis. It provides details on the cell types found in the epidermis including Malpighian cells, mucous cells, club cells, and pigment cells. It also discusses scales, embedded in the dermis, which provide protection. The dermis contains collagen fibers and pigment cells like melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores. Fins are described as large folds of skin with special bone support.
Ameliorating underutilized fish genetic resources (UFGR) against poverty, hun...apaari
Ameliorating underutilized fish genetic resources (UFGR) against poverty, hunger and malnutrition in Nepal by Neeta Pradhan, Asha Rayamajhi, Prem Timalsina and Tek Bahadur Gurun, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
This document discusses and compares the scales of fishes and reptiles. It begins by defining scales and explaining that they provide protection. It states that fishes and reptiles possess scales. It then describes the four main types of fish scales - placoid, cosmoid, ganoid, and cycloid/ctenoid scales - and provides details on each. It also discusses the types of reptile scales, including how they differ from fish scales in being made of keratin rather than containing hydroxyapatite. In summary, the document outlines the key types of scales found in fishes and reptiles, and compares their composition and formation between the two classes of animals.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Lobster seed production and Aquaculture.pptxB. BHASKAR
Lobsters are high value shell fishes. have good export value.
P. homarus also has high protein (24.18%) and carbohydrate content (55.68%) and lowest lipid content (6.18%) compare with other species. Another overexploitation of wild stock leading absence/rarely availability of lobster in Market, hence it is very imp to diversify potential lobster species. Recently rock lobster found breeding success, had good scope for continuous seed production.
Coracles are dominant fishing craft in South Indian reservoirs. They are made of a large, circular basket with low sides and a hide covering. Fishermen use gill nets, shore seines and longlines from coracles. Catamarans, made of 3-5 logs tied together, are used in pairs for boat seines and individually for longlines and cast nets. Common inland fishing gears include cast nets, gill nets, seines, lift nets, drag nets, hooks and lines, and traps. Trawlers have been tried experimentally in some Indian reservoirs.
The document provides details about a hands-on training program on seed production in fisheries. It describes the objectives, sites, and learning objectives of the program. Specifically, it focuses on carp breeding and seed production at two centers - Carp Seed Production and Rearing Center in Bodla and Carp Seed Rearing Center in Khairbanakala. It discusses the facilities at these centers and provides pictures to illustrate the spawning pools, incubation units, ponds, and other infrastructure. It also explains the standard procedures followed for induced breeding of carp and rearing of carp seeds.
The document summarizes the anatomy and histology of the integumentary system of fish. It describes the main layers of fish skin as the cuticle, epidermis, basement membrane, dermis, and hypodermis. It provides details on the cell types found in the epidermis including Malpighian cells, mucous cells, club cells, and pigment cells. It also discusses scales, embedded in the dermis, which provide protection. The dermis contains collagen fibers and pigment cells like melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores. Fins are described as large folds of skin with special bone support.
Ameliorating underutilized fish genetic resources (UFGR) against poverty, hun...apaari
Ameliorating underutilized fish genetic resources (UFGR) against poverty, hunger and malnutrition in Nepal by Neeta Pradhan, Asha Rayamajhi, Prem Timalsina and Tek Bahadur Gurun, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
This document discusses and compares the scales of fishes and reptiles. It begins by defining scales and explaining that they provide protection. It states that fishes and reptiles possess scales. It then describes the four main types of fish scales - placoid, cosmoid, ganoid, and cycloid/ctenoid scales - and provides details on each. It also discusses the types of reptile scales, including how they differ from fish scales in being made of keratin rather than containing hydroxyapatite. In summary, the document outlines the key types of scales found in fishes and reptiles, and compares their composition and formation between the two classes of animals.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Lobster seed production and Aquaculture.pptxB. BHASKAR
Lobsters are high value shell fishes. have good export value.
P. homarus also has high protein (24.18%) and carbohydrate content (55.68%) and lowest lipid content (6.18%) compare with other species. Another overexploitation of wild stock leading absence/rarely availability of lobster in Market, hence it is very imp to diversify potential lobster species. Recently rock lobster found breeding success, had good scope for continuous seed production.
Nursery Pond Management
Objectives:
To obtain required amount of desirable species at desired time at desired price all the year round.
After completing these stages of management the nursery pond is prepared for rearing fry and fingerlings.
The next stage is to select culturable species for stocking in the prepared pond and other management.
If we prepare a good nursery pond we will get a good production .
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
The document discusses strategies for conserving the Hilsa fish, which has experienced declining catches. It outlines Bangladesh's Hilsa Conservation Programme, which includes a Hilsa Fisheries Management Action Plan to protect juvenile Hilsa, alternative livelihood programs for fishers, and food subsidies during fishing bans. In India, five Hilsa breeding grounds have been designated as sanctuaries, and net sizes and fishing certain small Hilsa are restricted. Regional collaboration among Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar is important for long-term Hilsa conservation. The document provides background on the economic and cultural importance of Hilsa as well as factors contributing to declining stocks like overfishing, habitat degradation, and climate variability.
Fish tagging methods allow biologists to gather information about fish populations. There are biological, chemical, and physical tagging methods. Biological methods use natural marks like parasites or morphology. Chemical methods involve immersing, injecting, or feeding fish dye to mark them. Physical methods include internal tags like coded wire tags or PIT tags, and external tags like strap tags, dart tags, and anchor tags. Tagging provides data on movement patterns, population estimates, growth, and mortality to further understanding of fisheries.
Transport of hatchlings, fry, and fingerlings is common in aquaculture. Proper techniques involve understanding fish physiology and mortality causes during transport. Seed can be collected from wild or hatcheries. Major carps are collected from flooded rivers during monsoon season. Seed from estuaries and coastal waters include milkfish, mullets, pearlspot, and seabass. Bundhs are seasonal flooded areas that stimulate breeding. Induced spawning techniques breed species that don't spawn in captivity using hormones. Transport uses open or closed oxygenated systems. Factors causing mortality are oxygen depletion, waste accumulation, temperature fluctuations, and stress. Anaesthetics and antibiotics are used to reduce stress and prevent disease.
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish in a mesh enclosure in open water ecosystems like reservoirs. It uses simple, locally available materials for construction making it economically sustainable. There are different types of cages including fixed, floating, submersible and submerged cages which can be made from durable and nontoxic materials like wood, steel or plastic. Proper site selection, stocking, feeding and maintenance are required steps for successful cage culture operations.
Fisheries resource management and fishers access mechanisms to the resourceNazmul Ahmed Oli
This document discusses fisheries resource management in Bangladesh and issues related to fishers' access. It provides a history of management practices over time. Currently, water bodies are managed by the Department of Fisheries through leasing systems. Problems include fishers lacking credit access and fixed lease rates being too high. The document recommends improving credit access for fishers, managing resources without middlemen, and establishing community-based fisheries management.
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish within mesh enclosures in existing water bodies like ponds, rivers, and oceans. Some key advantages are the flexibility to use different water resources with minimal initial investment. However, there are also disadvantages like the need for complete diets, high risk of disease transmission due to crowding, potential for localized water quality issues, and limitations to production yields. Cage aquaculture has rapidly expanded in recent decades and continues to adapt to growing global demand through clustering cages and developing more intensive cage farming systems.
The document provides information about various shrimp species farmed for aquaculture. It details the top shrimp producing countries in 2006, with Thailand as the largest producer at 200,000 MT. Several species of shrimp are discussed, including the dominant Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp), Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn), and freshwater prawns of the Macrobrachium genus. The life cycle, larval stages, and farming practices for shrimp are summarized, including pond construction, stocking, feeding, and harvesting methods.
A fish hatchery is a facility where fish eggs are hatched and fish are reared through early life stages. Hatcheries provide fish seed for aquaculture and some fisheries by spawning, hatching, and caring for various fish and shellfish species. Factors to be considered in hatchery design include site selection, water supply and disposal systems, equipment selection, and developing floor plans. Tanks can be circular or rectangular and are used for rearing fish at different life stages.
Penaeus indicus is a marine prawn found in tropical and temperate seas. Its segmented body consists of two main regions - the cephalothorax, formed from the fusion of thirteen segments including five cephalic and eight thoracic, and the abdomen. The prawn's elongated body tapers slightly at the rear and is covered by a segmented exoskeleton made of chitin and protein. This exoskeleton protects the internal organs, provides attachment points for muscles, and includes infoldings called apodemes that further strengthen and support the body. The prawn has nineteen pairs of appendages including five pairs of cephalic, eight pairs of thoracic, and six
Fish is the major economically exported source. There are various products are there based on fish. The major products are exported to other countries than utilizing in India such as oyster which are more preferred for eaten by Germans and Italians.
This document discusses cage aquaculture in India, specifically in Chhattisgarh state. It provides background on the history and evolution of cage culture, describes common cage designs and materials. Key points covered include common species cultured, stocking densities, benefits and risks. Statistics on cage culture in Chhattisgarh and other Indian states are also presented. The document concludes by stating that cage culture is a viable method for utilizing open reservoirs and providing employment opportunities.
The cold water fisheries deal with fisheries activity in water where temperature of water ranges from 5 to 25 degrees centigrade. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. Such conditions in India occur in Himalayan and peninsular regions.
9 Finest Coldwater Aquarium Fish
Orangethroat Darter.
Three-Spined Stickleback.
Orange-Spotted Sunfish.
Diamond Sturgeon.
Siberian Sturgeon.
Sterlet.
Fathead Minnow.
Southern redbelly dace.
Tench.
Rosy Barb. Hailing from Afghanistan and Bangladesh, this little fish is tolerant of temperatures in …
Gold Barb. The gold bard, or Chinese barb, is an extremely popular cold-water fish. Any aquarium …
Two Spot Barb. This fish hails from Nepal, India, and Pakistan. The omnivorous two spot barb …
Bloodfin Tetra. Natives to Southern Brazil and Paraguay, both the standard bloodfin .
Coldwater fish in terms of the aquarium trade refers to any fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures. The optimal temperatures for these fish hover around the 68-degree mark, although each species’ temperature range may vary from the norm.
characteristics of mixed stock FisheriesAshish sahu
A mixed stock fishery consists of fish from a variety of ages, sizes, species, geographic origins, or genetic origins. This presents challenges for fisheries managers as it is difficult to target specific types of fish using most commercial fishing methods. Mixed stocks of a species can have significant morphological and biological differences between populations. Assessment of mixed tropical stock fisheries is more difficult than temperate stocks due to variations in spawning seasons, growth rates, and maturity sizes between cohorts within a species. Conventional stock assessment models designed for temperate species must be applied cautiously to mixed tropical stocks and require separate estimation of parameters like mortality, fishing effort, and growth.
Alimentary canal and feeding adaptations in fishes by nusritSYED ASSIM HAQ
The document discusses the alimentary canal and feeding adaptations in fishes, describing the different regions and structures of the canal from mouth to rectum and how they vary based on a fish's feeding habits, such as differences in teeth, gill rakers, stomach, and intestinal length between carnivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous fish. It also covers the digestive glands and enzymes involved in digestion as well as various adaptations that have evolved in fishes' structures to suit their natural diets.
Groupers belongs to the family Serranidae.
⚫ Groupers are classified in 14 genera of the subfamily Epinephelinae, which comprises at least half the approximately 449 species in the family Serranidae.
⚫ Several grouper species have been raised on a commercial scale, but mostly by growing out captured wild juveniles.
This document discusses ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). It provides key words related to EBFM such as balancing human activities and environmental stewardship, optimizing benefits among diverse societal goals, and considering collective pressures. It outlines a generalized EBFM process and discusses "wicked problems" related to EBFM, such as time constraints, lack of central authority, and policies that discount the future. The document also reviews examples of successful EBFM, including developing implementation frameworks, acknowledging trade-offs and power dynamics between sectors, and managing expectations. Finally, it provides eight tenets for scientists, policymakers, and managers to follow to effectively implement EBFM.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF PERENNIAL ENERGY CROPS IN THE U.S. MIDWEST AGRICU...grssieee
This study analyzed satellite imagery from 2000-2009 to map the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of perennial energy crops like native warm-season grasses in Midwest agricultural lands. Time series analysis of NDVI extracted phenology metrics for different crop types which varied with climate. Over 20 million hectares of native grasses were identified, indicating their potential as a cellulosic bioenergy feedstock. Maps produced can support modeling the impacts of expanding perennial energy crops.
Nursery Pond Management
Objectives:
To obtain required amount of desirable species at desired time at desired price all the year round.
After completing these stages of management the nursery pond is prepared for rearing fry and fingerlings.
The next stage is to select culturable species for stocking in the prepared pond and other management.
If we prepare a good nursery pond we will get a good production .
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
The document discusses strategies for conserving the Hilsa fish, which has experienced declining catches. It outlines Bangladesh's Hilsa Conservation Programme, which includes a Hilsa Fisheries Management Action Plan to protect juvenile Hilsa, alternative livelihood programs for fishers, and food subsidies during fishing bans. In India, five Hilsa breeding grounds have been designated as sanctuaries, and net sizes and fishing certain small Hilsa are restricted. Regional collaboration among Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar is important for long-term Hilsa conservation. The document provides background on the economic and cultural importance of Hilsa as well as factors contributing to declining stocks like overfishing, habitat degradation, and climate variability.
Fish tagging methods allow biologists to gather information about fish populations. There are biological, chemical, and physical tagging methods. Biological methods use natural marks like parasites or morphology. Chemical methods involve immersing, injecting, or feeding fish dye to mark them. Physical methods include internal tags like coded wire tags or PIT tags, and external tags like strap tags, dart tags, and anchor tags. Tagging provides data on movement patterns, population estimates, growth, and mortality to further understanding of fisheries.
Transport of hatchlings, fry, and fingerlings is common in aquaculture. Proper techniques involve understanding fish physiology and mortality causes during transport. Seed can be collected from wild or hatcheries. Major carps are collected from flooded rivers during monsoon season. Seed from estuaries and coastal waters include milkfish, mullets, pearlspot, and seabass. Bundhs are seasonal flooded areas that stimulate breeding. Induced spawning techniques breed species that don't spawn in captivity using hormones. Transport uses open or closed oxygenated systems. Factors causing mortality are oxygen depletion, waste accumulation, temperature fluctuations, and stress. Anaesthetics and antibiotics are used to reduce stress and prevent disease.
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish in a mesh enclosure in open water ecosystems like reservoirs. It uses simple, locally available materials for construction making it economically sustainable. There are different types of cages including fixed, floating, submersible and submerged cages which can be made from durable and nontoxic materials like wood, steel or plastic. Proper site selection, stocking, feeding and maintenance are required steps for successful cage culture operations.
Fisheries resource management and fishers access mechanisms to the resourceNazmul Ahmed Oli
This document discusses fisheries resource management in Bangladesh and issues related to fishers' access. It provides a history of management practices over time. Currently, water bodies are managed by the Department of Fisheries through leasing systems. Problems include fishers lacking credit access and fixed lease rates being too high. The document recommends improving credit access for fishers, managing resources without middlemen, and establishing community-based fisheries management.
Cage culture involves confining fish or shellfish within mesh enclosures in existing water bodies like ponds, rivers, and oceans. Some key advantages are the flexibility to use different water resources with minimal initial investment. However, there are also disadvantages like the need for complete diets, high risk of disease transmission due to crowding, potential for localized water quality issues, and limitations to production yields. Cage aquaculture has rapidly expanded in recent decades and continues to adapt to growing global demand through clustering cages and developing more intensive cage farming systems.
The document provides information about various shrimp species farmed for aquaculture. It details the top shrimp producing countries in 2006, with Thailand as the largest producer at 200,000 MT. Several species of shrimp are discussed, including the dominant Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp), Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn), and freshwater prawns of the Macrobrachium genus. The life cycle, larval stages, and farming practices for shrimp are summarized, including pond construction, stocking, feeding, and harvesting methods.
A fish hatchery is a facility where fish eggs are hatched and fish are reared through early life stages. Hatcheries provide fish seed for aquaculture and some fisheries by spawning, hatching, and caring for various fish and shellfish species. Factors to be considered in hatchery design include site selection, water supply and disposal systems, equipment selection, and developing floor plans. Tanks can be circular or rectangular and are used for rearing fish at different life stages.
Penaeus indicus is a marine prawn found in tropical and temperate seas. Its segmented body consists of two main regions - the cephalothorax, formed from the fusion of thirteen segments including five cephalic and eight thoracic, and the abdomen. The prawn's elongated body tapers slightly at the rear and is covered by a segmented exoskeleton made of chitin and protein. This exoskeleton protects the internal organs, provides attachment points for muscles, and includes infoldings called apodemes that further strengthen and support the body. The prawn has nineteen pairs of appendages including five pairs of cephalic, eight pairs of thoracic, and six
Fish is the major economically exported source. There are various products are there based on fish. The major products are exported to other countries than utilizing in India such as oyster which are more preferred for eaten by Germans and Italians.
This document discusses cage aquaculture in India, specifically in Chhattisgarh state. It provides background on the history and evolution of cage culture, describes common cage designs and materials. Key points covered include common species cultured, stocking densities, benefits and risks. Statistics on cage culture in Chhattisgarh and other Indian states are also presented. The document concludes by stating that cage culture is a viable method for utilizing open reservoirs and providing employment opportunities.
The cold water fisheries deal with fisheries activity in water where temperature of water ranges from 5 to 25 degrees centigrade. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. Such conditions in India occur in Himalayan and peninsular regions.
9 Finest Coldwater Aquarium Fish
Orangethroat Darter.
Three-Spined Stickleback.
Orange-Spotted Sunfish.
Diamond Sturgeon.
Siberian Sturgeon.
Sterlet.
Fathead Minnow.
Southern redbelly dace.
Tench.
Rosy Barb. Hailing from Afghanistan and Bangladesh, this little fish is tolerant of temperatures in …
Gold Barb. The gold bard, or Chinese barb, is an extremely popular cold-water fish. Any aquarium …
Two Spot Barb. This fish hails from Nepal, India, and Pakistan. The omnivorous two spot barb …
Bloodfin Tetra. Natives to Southern Brazil and Paraguay, both the standard bloodfin .
Coldwater fish in terms of the aquarium trade refers to any fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures. The optimal temperatures for these fish hover around the 68-degree mark, although each species’ temperature range may vary from the norm.
characteristics of mixed stock FisheriesAshish sahu
A mixed stock fishery consists of fish from a variety of ages, sizes, species, geographic origins, or genetic origins. This presents challenges for fisheries managers as it is difficult to target specific types of fish using most commercial fishing methods. Mixed stocks of a species can have significant morphological and biological differences between populations. Assessment of mixed tropical stock fisheries is more difficult than temperate stocks due to variations in spawning seasons, growth rates, and maturity sizes between cohorts within a species. Conventional stock assessment models designed for temperate species must be applied cautiously to mixed tropical stocks and require separate estimation of parameters like mortality, fishing effort, and growth.
Alimentary canal and feeding adaptations in fishes by nusritSYED ASSIM HAQ
The document discusses the alimentary canal and feeding adaptations in fishes, describing the different regions and structures of the canal from mouth to rectum and how they vary based on a fish's feeding habits, such as differences in teeth, gill rakers, stomach, and intestinal length between carnivorous, herbivorous, and omnivorous fish. It also covers the digestive glands and enzymes involved in digestion as well as various adaptations that have evolved in fishes' structures to suit their natural diets.
Groupers belongs to the family Serranidae.
⚫ Groupers are classified in 14 genera of the subfamily Epinephelinae, which comprises at least half the approximately 449 species in the family Serranidae.
⚫ Several grouper species have been raised on a commercial scale, but mostly by growing out captured wild juveniles.
This document discusses ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). It provides key words related to EBFM such as balancing human activities and environmental stewardship, optimizing benefits among diverse societal goals, and considering collective pressures. It outlines a generalized EBFM process and discusses "wicked problems" related to EBFM, such as time constraints, lack of central authority, and policies that discount the future. The document also reviews examples of successful EBFM, including developing implementation frameworks, acknowledging trade-offs and power dynamics between sectors, and managing expectations. Finally, it provides eight tenets for scientists, policymakers, and managers to follow to effectively implement EBFM.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF PERENNIAL ENERGY CROPS IN THE U.S. MIDWEST AGRICU...grssieee
This study analyzed satellite imagery from 2000-2009 to map the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of perennial energy crops like native warm-season grasses in Midwest agricultural lands. Time series analysis of NDVI extracted phenology metrics for different crop types which varied with climate. Over 20 million hectares of native grasses were identified, indicating their potential as a cellulosic bioenergy feedstock. Maps produced can support modeling the impacts of expanding perennial energy crops.
Archives and isotopes: changes afoot in the food web of WindermereLancaster University
1) Long-term research on fish populations in Lake Windermere using archived samples has allowed reconstruction of the food web using stable isotope analysis.
2) Isotope analysis shows roach rely mostly on littoral prey while perch have shifted to pelagic and profundal resources due to trophic overlap with roach. Arctic charr also appear to now rely more on profundal resources.
3) Pike diet has shifted from Arctic charr to roach, changing the routing of energy in the food web from pelagic to littoral zones. There has also been a subtle increase in trophic efficiency within the web.
Aquaculture and environment: Sustainability issues_Dr Padmakumar (The Kerala ...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Padmakumar, Professor and Associate Director of Research, KAU, RARS, Kumarakom made at the Kerala Environment Congress organised by the Centre for Environment and Development explains the possibilities of different fish farming practices relevant to Kerala
Tales in timber - the story of Prairie drought written in tree ringsScott St. George
This document summarizes information from tree ring studies about past drought conditions in the Canadian Prairies. It finds that droughts were more severe and persistent in the past, including droughts in the 18th and early 19th centuries that were more extreme than anything in the instrumental record from 1900 to present. Tree ring data also indicates drought probabilities were higher in the 1930s than indicated by instrumental data alone. The study suggests drought conditions may be worse in the future than what has been observed in the last 100 years of records given natural multidecadal variability and potential climate change impacts. It calls for improved access and application of paleoclimatic data from tree rings to better inform water management and planning under uncertain future conditions.
This study examined the dispersal abilities, population structure, and performance of two Cape Xenopus frog species: X. gilli and X. laevis. The results show that X. laevis has greater jumping and swimming performance. X. laevis also dispersed farther and more frequently. Analysis of skeletal growth layers was not effective for aging Cape Xenopus. Survival rates of X. gilli were lower at sites where it co-occurred with X. laevis, suggesting a negative impact of X. laevis on X. gilli. The results provide evidence that X. laevis poses a threat to X. gilli through competition and potential hybridization.
The document summarizes a study assessing the potential reproductive effects of pulp mill effluent on wild fish populations near Areas of Concern in Canada. The study examined fish from the Jackfish Bay AOC, where previous research identified reproductive impacts in white sucker from exposure to bleached kraft mill discharge. The current study assessed gonad development, hormone levels, histology, and other endpoints in fish using a standardized approach to determine if similar effects are present at other AOCs. Initial results from reexamining white sucker at Jackfish Bay found reduced ovary and testes size, delayed sexual maturity, altered hormone levels, and other reproductive issues consistent with prior studies.
The document discusses potential climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for agriculture in Vietnam, noting that rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and sea level rise are expected to negatively impact crop production but strategies like irrigation expansion, new crop varieties, and planting date adjustments could help increase resilience. It also outlines research activities to quantify mitigation potential from agricultural practices and pilot carbon credit projects to connect small farmers with carbon markets.
This document summarizes Australia's approach to integrated drought management. It discusses how most of Australia has experienced warming over the past 50 years, with some areas warming 1.5-2 degrees Celsius. Rainfall has substantially increased in northern and central Australia but decreased in southern and eastern Australia. The Bureau of Meteorology issues drought watches and warnings. Australia's drought policy aims to encourage self-reliance and limit damage during droughts. Applications include government support programs and a focus on critical human needs, water rights, infrastructure investment, and good governance through organizations like the National Water Commission. The document proposes areas for collaboration, like sharing information and tools, and identifies seasonal streamflow forecasting as a potential area to harvest "low hanging fruit
Social-ecological dynamics and the effects of bonding social capital on local...Kemraj Parsram
Grenville, the second largest fishing centre in Grenada, share characteristics typical of small scale fisheries across the eastern Caribbean and further afield. A major fishery involves small tunas and tuna-like fishes. Approximately 50 boats, typically with a crew of 2, troll daily inside and along the edge of the island’s extensive shelf, landing on average nearly 400 metric tonnes of fish annually. Sixty percent of these landings are usually blackfin tuna (locally known as ‘bonita’ or ‘common tur’) and skip jack tuna. Over the last seven years, this fishery and particularly its marketing system have been plagued with perturbations, both idiosyncratic and covariate. In this paper, I explore some critical social-ecological factors that cause or contribute to these perturbations. I highlight how bonding social capital between fishers and unemployed youths (two key categories of stakeholders in the fishery) helps them to cope with some of these perturbations, as well as adding fire to the flame. This paper is part of larger doctoral research on the governance of small-scale fisheries in the eastern Caribbean. The findings here are based upon information collected through key informant interviews, participant observations, and informal interviews during a one year period of residence (July 2010 - June 2011) in the fishing community of Grenville.
The Arctic charr population in Lake Windermere has declined in recent decades as water temperatures have risen. Analysis of archived samples from 1985-2010 found the diets of key fish species have shifted, indicating changes to the lake's food web. Specifically, the expansion of the invasive roach population has disrupted nearshore and offshore carbon and energy flows, with Arctic charr consuming less nearshore invertebrates and plankton over time, and pike switching from charr to roach in their diet. These diet shifts reflect wider effects on the lake ecosystem from climate change and species invasions.
Water resources and biofuels water quality april 2012Sharon Lezberg
This document discusses water quality issues related to hypoxia. It begins by defining hypoxia as low dissolved oxygen concentrations that cannot support marine life, typically below 2 ppm. It then explains that hypoxia occurs due to algae blooms in freshwater settling on the bottom and consuming oxygen during decomposition. The size of hypoxic areas can be large, such as the size in 2008 shown on a map. Nutrient flux and sources of nitrogen and phosphorus that contribute to algae blooms and hypoxia are also discussed. The document considers future impacts on water quality from different cropping systems and biofuel production approaches.
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. These interactions determine species distribution and abundance. Ecology reveals the richness of the biosphere. It considers factors like climate, populations, communities, and ecosystems.
Australian Residential Property Presentation14 04 2009Ivan Kaye
The document summarizes property investment opportunities on the eastern coast of Australia. It discusses demographic and economic factors that influence the real estate market such as population growth, infrastructure development, employment levels, and supply and demand of housing units. Charts show historical housing price trends and vacancy rates in Australian cities. The document concludes with examples of successful property investments in Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and Darwin that achieved high annualized returns.
- Peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia store large amounts of carbon but have been degraded through logging, drainage for agriculture and plantations, and fires. They cover around 25 million hectares across 10 countries but only 34% remain intact.
- Main drivers of change have been commercial logging, transmigration programs, and more recently oil palm and pulp plantations, which have led to drainage and increased fires when not managed properly. Fires can spread haze across borders.
- Efforts are underway through ASEAN and national projects to promote sustainable management and restoration of peatlands through BMPs, rehabilitation of degraded areas, fire prevention, and alternative livelihoods. Further protection and restoration of peatlands is needed
OSCAR connects organizations in Rhode Island to address regional challenges through shared resources. As problems are complex, a multi-stakeholder approach is needed. OSCAR is volunteer-run and consists of members from government, industry, academia and social agencies. One initiative is Green the Knowledge District, which aims to catalyze sustainable and economic development in Providence through indicators, engagement, research and building partnerships.
This document summarizes the author's decade of experience performing robotic Whipple procedures. It discusses the evolution of their surgical technique over time, including improvements to camera port positioning, the Kocher maneuver, uncinate process dissection, and pancreatic stump treatment. Results from over 95 robotic pancreatic anastomoses are presented, showing low conversion and morbidity rates. Recent developments including associated vascular resections, comparisons to open surgery, and the role of the patient side assistant are also reviewed. Finally, the need for further oncological outcome data from larger studies is acknowledged.
Infrastructure Australia will provide independent advice to improve Australia's infrastructure and consider sustainability and climate change in its work. This includes reviewing project approval processes, advising on issues from climate change, and ensuring sustainability is considered in setting infrastructure priorities. There is also political support for considering sustainability and prioritizing public transport infrastructure in cities. Considering sustainability is an opportunity for economic gains through more resilient infrastructure, renewable energy and transit options, and sustainable developments.
This document provides a comparative financial analysis of 14 charitable organizations that have applied for grants from the Charity Guild. It includes information from 2007-2009 IRS Form 990 filings such as expense allocation ratios, unrestricted net assets, previous grant amounts received from Charity Guild, and other financial data. The analysis aims to show how each charity allocates spending across programs, administration and fundraising in order to evaluate grant requests.
Application of LME Indicators: Scotian Shelf LME and the US Northeast Shelf L...Iwl Pcu
This document summarizes indicators used to assess the state of two Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs), the Scotian Shelf LME and the U.S. Northeast Shelf LME, from 2005-2010. It provides information on productivity indicators collected from oceanographic recorders to assess ecosystem state. Fish and fisheries indicators are also discussed, including data on species surveys, catches, and stock levels. Graphs show population and catch data for species like herring, mackerel, Georges Bank yellowtail, haddock, and cod that are used to evaluate stock status and exploitation rates in the two LMEs.
Similar to Giant Australian cuttlefish: a globally unique species under threat. (20)
Water Wednesday - Murray Darling Basin Plan: Striking the right balance
The Water Research Centre in conjunction with Australian Water Association SA Branch presented Water Wednesday on 29 February 2012.
This special joint Water Wednesday forum featured a presentation from Professor Barry Hart, an independent member of the Murray Darling Basin Authority, on the Draft Basin Plan which is currently out for public review.
Professor Hugh Possingham is currently the Director of the Ecology Centre at The University of Queensland. Hugh has over 290 publications, 5300 Web of Science citations and a lab of 32 students and staff. Work from his lab helped stop land clearing ("the Brigalow Declaration") in Queensland and NSW securing at least 1 billion tonnes of CO2.
"We generally assume that all monitoring is good. However there are numerous examples of people monitoring things to extinction and monitoring with no clear objective. Hugh Possingham will present a completely different way of looking at environmental monitoring - using decision science thinking. This approach enables us to work out how much of our precious budget should be spent monitoring, if any! The problem with existing monitoring, aside from doing too little, is that ecologists have been trained within a classical null hypothesis testing framework - great for pure science, rubbish for solving environmental problems."
Pollinator-mediated floral evolution and speciation in southern African Irida...University of Adelaide
Part 3 of the 2010 ACEBB seminar series, Dr Paul Rymer presents "Pollinator-mediated floral evolution and speciation in southern African Iridaceae."
Abstract: Explaining the rapid diversification of flowering plants remains one of the greatest challenges facing evolutionary biologists. The pollinator-shift hypothesis developed by Grant (1949) and Stebbins (1970) is the most widely accepted explanation. However, pollinator mediated selection is yet to be shown to result in speciation. The focus of my investigation has been biodiversity hotspots in southern Africa, primarily because they harbour exceptional plant species diversity and endemism, and therefore the promise of detecting speciation in action. In an attempt to unravel the processes driving the evolution of floral traits and speciation, I have taken a multi-faceted approach. I will present my findings from three very different studies:
1. Macroevolution in Sparaxis (Iridaceae),
2. Population genetics in Gladiolus carinatus species complex (Iridaceae),
3. Mating patterns in Gladiolus longicollis (Iridaceae). These studies highlight the role of pollination in recent and continuous speciation events.
Professor Eric Mazur presents a seminar entitled "Confessions of a converted lecturer." Eric is a Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Harvard University. Eric explains how he has adjusted his approach to teaching and how it has improved his students' performance significantly.
Plant Introductions & Evolution: Hybrid Speciation and Gene TransferUniversity of Adelaide
Professor Richard Abbott presents a seminar entitled "Gene transfer and plant evolution: What we have learnt from Senecio." Richard has been at St Andrews University since October 1971 and currently holds a Chair in Plant Evolution. He is also an Editor of New Phytologist, and Associate Editor of Molecular Ecology, and Plant Ecology & Diversity. Richard’s main research focus is on the evolutionary consequences of hybridization in plants using the genus Senecio (Asteraceae) as a system for study.
Disputes concerning the regulation and use of water in the Murray-Darling Basin have now reached a critical point where extended periods of extreme drought and climate change have forced threats of High Court litigation. Whilst a number of similar threats have been made since settlement, no court has ever made an authoritative judgment on such water disputes. As such, many important questions about the rights of States and their residents to take and use water remain unresolved. Professor Williams and Matthew Lee assess both the genesis and development of water law in Australia in order to provide an explanation of how we have arrived at this current water crisis.
Donald, Hobern, the Director of the Atlas of Living of Living Australia presented a talk entitled, "Building the Atlas of Living Australia"
The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) is a partnership between Australian natural history collections and biodiversity research groups. It is developing systems to provide integrated access to all classes of biodiversity data (including names and classification, geospatial data, images, sequences, literature, identification tools and species interactions). The central component will be an information repository which catalogues all data sources and makes them available to support research, policy and education.
Pines and paddocks: socioecology and population genetics of marsupials in fra...University of Adelaide
The eleventh installment of the 2009 Science Seminar Series presented by Doctor Melanie Lancaster. The presentation is entitled "Pines and paddocks: socioecology and population genetics of marsupials in fragmented systems?"
This document summarizes a presentation by Professor Leigh Simmons on sperm competition and sexual selection. It discusses Darwin's original ideas on the topic and how research has expanded since the 1970s to study behavior, morphology, and physiology related to sperm competition across many insect species. Specific studies are highlighted on sperm displacement behavior in yellow dung flies and experimental evolution of ejaculate expenditure in response to varying levels of sperm competition. The research has provided insights into the evolution of male genital morphology and ejaculate quality under monogamous versus polygamous mating systems.
Kane Aldridge presents a seminar from the second Water Wednesday entitled "Future options for the Lower Lakes." Kane Aldridge is a postdoctoral fellow with Water Research Centre with The Environment Institute at The University of Adelaide.
Will simulation-based assessments and decisions save our built environment?University of Adelaide
Associate Professor Veronica Soebarto discussed how building simulation can be used to predict building performance, improve designs, diagnose existing buildings, optimize solutions, and ensure code compliance. Simulation allows assessment of thermal performance, energy usage, indoor environmental quality, and life cycle costs. However, studies show large discrepancies often occur between simulated and actual building performance. Key reasons for differences include problems in design assumptions, construction variations from design, and operational factors not accounted for in simulations.
Justin Brookes presents a seminar from the second Water Wednesday entitled "Potential benefits and impacts of the proposed Chowilla Regulator." Justin Brookes is the Director of the Water Research Centre with The Environment Institute at The University of Adelaide.
Judy Goode presents a seminar from the second Water Wednesday entitled "Options for the environmental future of the River Murray. Judy Goode is the SA River Murray Environmental Manager for the SA MDB NRM board.
Is water a limiting factor for population growth in South Australia?University of Adelaide
Professor Graeme Hugo presents the fourth installment of the Science Seminar Series entitled Is water a limiting factor for population growth in South Australia
Professor Alan Cooper presents the sixth instalment of the Science Seminar Series. The accurate and rapid assessment of biodiversity is a critical aspect for modern science, and ranges from the measurement of environmental and climate change, to microbes in water systems or at the point of care in medical centres. Similarly, the need for the rapid and responsible economic development of primary resources, and the monitoring of invasive species and biosecurity, also place a premium on the ability to quickly assess and quantify biodiversity across a range of diverse habitats. We have combined methods developed to detect trace amounts of ancient DNA with 2nd Generation Sequencing technology to design a vertical barcoding system capable of rapidly screening the genetic and taxonomic diversity of modern, complex biological samples. In parallel with studies of taxonomically identified museum and herbaria material, this approach promises to provide the first genetic audits of diverse Australian environments.
Beyond the barbed wire fence is a foreign country: thinking and managing acro...University of Adelaide
Australian resource and environmental management faces challenges from boundaries between disciplines, tenures, jurisdictions, and sectors that divide interconnected systems. Large ecological connectivity projects aim to manage biodiversity across these boundaries at unprecedented landscape scales, but have received little attention to the necessary social, policy, and institutional infrastructure required. For these ambitious projects to succeed in breaching boundaries where others have struggled, they must learn from past experiences integrating sectors and address the values, knowledge claims, rules, and organizations involved.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
9. Rocky reef
Habitat map: SA DEH
8 km of coastline
Winter – May to August
10. Males larger than
females
High
male:female sex
ratio
Males ‘battle’ for
females
Females may or
may not mate
with a male
Small males have
other strategies
(e.g. sneakers)
Shear numbers
impressive
Photos: Fred Bavendam
11. Skewed towards males (4:1) based on counts
of each sex
Assumes individuals on breeding aggregation
similar amounts of time
Population sex ratio may be 1:1 with sexes
spending different amounts of time on the
breeding aggregation
Predict males spend more time than females
13. Residence time Residence period
35 60
Mean Residence Time (days ± SE)
Mean Residence Period (days ± SE)
30 50
25
* *
40
20
30
15
20
10
5 10
0 0
Males Females Males Females
Male:Female = 3.7 : 1 Male:Female = 4.6 : 1
Population composed of equal numbers of males & females
Payne, PhD project
14. 300
270
Renewable moratorium on
240 fishing introduced in 1998
210 Now permanently closed to
taking of cuttlefish
Catch (tonnes)
180
Need to establish long-term
150 scientific based management
plan
120
90
60
30
0
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
From: SARDI Catch Data
15. BHP Olympic Dam expansion
Preferred option: coastal desalination plant in USG
Point Lowly preferred location (18 ha site)
Bulk commodities export facility
Feasibility study by Spencer Gulf Port Link Consortium
(SGPLC), led by Flinders Ports
7-13 million tonnes of ore could be exported through new
facility
16. Need to understand
population structure for
appropriate spatial
management
Demographic processes
& population dynamics
may vary
From: Keough & Swearer (2007)
17. Strongest inferences use a suite of
techniques
Genetic & phenotypic approaches
Might not necessarily expect concordance
among approaches
Evolutionary history vs. environmental variation
Spatial resolution varies by technique
Genetic approaches may be more conservative
18. Marine populations
Genetic homogeneity over large distances
High dispersal life history characteristics
Squid
High levels of gene flow among populations
Cuttlefish
Sepia officinalis – extensive population structuring
19.
20. Determine population structure of giant
Australian cuttlefish using a multidisciplinary
approach
Molecular (microsatellite DNA markers)
Morphometrics
Statolith chemistry
Investigate spatial & temporal variation in
population structure
21. Microsatellite genotyping
12 microsatellite loci screened per individual
Kassahn et al. (2006) Marine Biology
Wheaton et al. (2007) Molecular Ecology Notes
Temporal variation
South Australia
Five yrs between 1998 & 2006
Spatial variation
18 sites across Australia
23. -20500
Bayesian clustering approach
Triplicate runs for 1 (panmixia) to 6
-21500 populations
Ln Pr(X | K)
Used admixture model
-22500
Assumed correlated alleles across
populations
-23500
Examined each of K populations
further to detect sub-population
-24500 structure
1 2 3 4 5 6
K, number of populations STRUCTURE
24. Q
Estimated membership coefficients
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Whyalla 1998
Whyalla 2000
Whyalla
Whyalla 2004
Whyalla 2005
Breeding aggregation
Whyalla 2006
Wallaroo 1998
Wallaroo 2005
Wallaroo
Spencer Gulf
Edithburg 2005
Cape Jervis 2005
Cape Jervis 2006
Shows overall population structure & individual assignment
Aldinga/Myponga
1998
Gulf St Vincent
Aldinga/Myponga
2005
Length of each line proportional to estimated membership in each group
Glenelg 1998
western AUS
1998-2006
Vic
WA
VIC 2002
NSW
2002/2003
NSW
26. Spatial information – sampling location
1 to 10 populations (n=5 replicate runs)
Fixed K at modal value to estimate assignment of
individuals to populations (n=10)
Continued hierarchical analyses to detect
subpopulation structure
GENELAND
27. Population 3
Population 5
Population 1 Population 4 Population 2
28. South Australia
Breeding aggregation
Population 5
Contact zone
Population 4
100 km
29. 28 measurements per individual
Removed allometric effects of body
size
Sexually dimorphic sexes analysed
separately (n= 173 females & 342 males)
No difference in size among years
pooled years
30. 5 Breeding aggregation
GSV & Southern SG
3 Western SA
Discriminant function 2
1 90% correctly classified
3 variables used for classification
1
3 variables important: cuttlebone
width & 2 beak parameters
3
5
-5 -3 -1 1 3 5
Discriminant function 1
LRL UHL
31. 7 Breeding aggregation
GSV & Southern SG
Western SA
Discriminant function 2
3
90% correctly classified
8 variables used for classification
-1 3 beak parameters contribute to
differences
-5
-5.0 -2.8 -0.6 1.6 3.8 6.0
Discriminant function 1
32. Dissolved trace Uptake by Statolith
elements cephalopod incorporation
34. 5 Breeding aggregation
GSV & Southern SG
Western SA
Discriminant function 2
3
1 Mg:Ca, Sr:Ca & Ba:Ca
Discriminant Function Analysis
-1 All years – 77% correctly classified
2004 – 78% correct
2005 – 79% correct
-3 2006 – 83% correct
-5
-7 -3 1 5
Discriminant function 1
35. Not one panmictic population
Evidence for 5 populations across species range
Breeding aggregation differs from elsewhere
Evolutionary & ecological implications
Possibly incipient species
Adaptive divergence along an environmental
gradient
Recent & rapid differentiation
37. Mating behaviour differs
Physiological tolerance & condition in relation to
temperature & salinity
▪ Two populations may be prevented from significant overlap due to
differing tolerances
Are individuals from two populations able to mate, are
eggs viable, are offspring fertile
▪ Testing degree of reproductive isolation
Determine degree of genetic isolation – genome wide
screening
Ecological implications of morphological differences
38. Intake pipe
Proposed locations
Breeding area
Out take pipe
320 ML SW/day 120 ML FW/day via
from USG; 320 km pipeline
Salinity >40 ppt
200 ML SW/day
returned in more
concentrated form;
Salinity 78 ppt
From: Olympic Dam EIS website
39. Discharge of large volumes of highly concentrated brine back to
ocean
Elevated salt concentration & contaminants
Elevated temperature & turbidity levels
Decreased oxygen levels
Brine high specific density sinks to bottom
Could impact adult mating behaviours, & benthic life history
stages
40. Salinity effects embryonic development
Resources diffuse across membrane
Solubility of gases (e.g. O2) decreased in
hyper-saline water
Increased salinity causes a diffusion limitation
41. n =12
Control Brine
39ppt 40ppt 45ppt 50ppt 55ppt
Dupavillon, Hons thesis
42. Mean field concentration
Brine: Increased Sr, Ca, K & Mg
High Mg causes mortality and
reduced mobility
High concentrations
found in 45, 50 and 55‰.
Treatment - salinity
Treatment Dupavillon & Gillanders (2009)
43. Increase 1‰ = ~7%
decrease in survival
Total mortality
Treatment - salinity
Dupavillon & Gillanders (2009)
44. Smaller size at higher salinity
Smaller individuals less well developed for feeding & swimming
Treatment - salinity
Dupavillon & Gillanders (2009)
45. If brine disperses & background salinity levels
reached close to discharge outfall
May be little impact on eggs
But
USG already hypersaline environment
Strong tidal currents, but are USG waters flushed
& mixed with ocean waters given bathymetry?
Also, dodge tides
Potential for major impact on GAC
46. Mating behaviour highly visual
Inbound migratory routes of cuttlefish
Will adults move up and over high salinity, benthic
plumes?
Will adults migrate around benthic plume to reach
breeding sites?
47. Only known breeding aggregation of cuttlefish in world!
Population at Point Lowly likely a different species
Little if any input from SSG population
Potential for brine to impact early life history stage
Unsure about impacts on adult behaviour & migration
Species can’t move elsewhere to lay eggs
Cephalopods short lived (1-2 years)
No storage effect in population
Need to be more cautious cf. managing finfish
48. Photos: Fred Bavendam, Sean Connell, Jackie Dupavillon,
Kaufman Productions, Nick Payne, Tim Rogers
Recent ABC Catalyst story:
http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/2695601.htm
49. The Environment Institute
Where ideas grow
Next Seminar: 23 October
Assoc. Prof. Veronica Soebarto
Environmentally-sensitive design