The Enlightenment was an 18th century intellectual movement that emphasized reason and scrutiny of traditions. It brought humanitarian reforms and an optimistic view that reason could solve problems. Major influences included the Renaissance revival of classical learning emphasizing human rationality. Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Hume, Voltaire and Rousseau spread new ideas through writing and visits to other nations. Enlightened monarchs like Frederick the Great and Joseph II enacted reforms but the French Revolution was a reaction against some Enlightenment ideals.

2. It is a philosophical movement
of the 18th century that
emphasized the use of reason to
scrutinize previously accepted
doctrines and traditions and
that brought about many
humanitarian reforms.

3. - the Enlightenment was also a
period of great optimism and
expectation that the world and
humanity were entering upon a
new era of reason, of
enlightenment and of knowledge.

4. There were major sources of ideas
underlying the Enlightenment
outlook:
it owed a great deal to the
Renaissance and the recovery and
revival of Classical learning; this
tradition emphasised human
reason and rationality

5. as a path to knowledge and as a
way of life It focused upon
deductive logic and reasoning;
there was a new emphasis upon
being human and upon
developing and honouring both
the human mind and the human
body.

6. Much of earlier Christianity had
tried to strive to be less human
and more saint like or like the
angels.

7. The Beginnig of the enlightenment
came from theology. This Theology
of Maimonides, Thomas, and
Calvin, enabled philosophers to
think systematically.

8. A Lot of scholars, Christians and
Jews, came to Europe. In 1648 the
30 years war ended in Europe and
religious wars ended. Also after so
many Christians had been killing
Christians, interest in Christianity
declined.

9. In England Francis Bacon
proposed the idea that Science
could solve a number of
problems that had never
previously been solved.
His thinking would
influence the
Enlightenment

10. Thomas Hobbes came up with
his ideas on materialism and law.
They would have an influence.
Then John Locke stepped into
the void. With his ideas, the
enlightenment began.

11. David Hume continued it. In
France, it influenced Voltaire
and Rousseau. As people
involved in the Enlightenment
visited other nations, it spread
there.

12. Then in France it turned into
the French Revolution. The
Romantic Movement was a
reaction against the
Enlightenment.

13. How did enlightenment
spread ?
Ideas of the Enlightenment
period were printed in
newspapers, pamphlets, and in
protest songs. However the
Church and French government
did their best to stop these ideas
from spreading.

14. Art, literature, and politics in this
Age explain Enlightenment ideas.
The Arts
1. Denis Diderot : spread
enlightened thinking in
all areas by publishing
the Encyclopedia

15. 2. Franz Joseph Haydn :
broke from traditionally ornate
musical forms and developed
the sonata and symphony

16. 3.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:
set a new standard for elegance
and originality with his varied
and numerous musical
compositions

17. 4. Ludwig van Beethoven :
exhibited great range in his
works; moved from the classical
style of Mozart to begin new
trend that carried music into
the Age of Romanticism

18. 5. Samuel Richardson : wrote
Pamela, the first English novel

19. Government:
6. Frederick the Great : committed himself
to the goal of reforming and
strengthening his country; granted many
religious freedoms,reduced censorship
,improved education and the justice
system, and abolished torture;
considered that the king should
be “first servant of thestate”

20. 7. Joseph II : abolished serfdom,
initiated legal reforms, introduced
freedom of the press, supported
freedom of religion

21. 8. Catherine the Great tried to
modernize and reform Russia
according to the
writings of the
philosophes;
accomplished
limited reforms

22. • 1. Joseph II : abolished
serfdom
• 2. Franz Joseph Haydn,
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
and Ludwig van Beethoven :
composed classical music

23. • 3. : ruled Russia as an
enlightened despot
• 4. Frederick the Great : ruled
Prussia as an enlightened
despot
• 5. Joseph II : ruled Austria as
an enlightened despot

24. • 6. Denis Diderot :edited and
published the Encyclopedia
• 7. Catherine the Great
:brutally crushed a massive
uprising of serfs
• 8. Catherine the Great: gave
the nobility absolute power
over the serfs

25. • 9. Samuel Richardson, Henry
Fielding, and Daniel Defoe :
developed many of the features
of the modern novel
• 10. Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin ran
the most influential of Paris
salons during the Enlightenment

26. It ended about 50 years ago
when philosophers began to
understand that you cannot
"prove" anything. You cannot
prove that the universe

27. didn't pop into existence 5
minutes ago and that all your
memories aren't fake. You
cannot prove that you are not
just a brain in a nutrient-filled
vat plugged into a computer
program that you perceive as
"reality."

28. The only people who think in that
old 18th century way any more
are atheists and evolutionists,
arrogant uneducated fools who
don't realize their "faith" is
already on history's scrap pile.

29. Everything everyone believes,
we believe by faith.
Everything. Everyone. Let's get
used to it.