The Renaissance was a period between the 14th and 17th centuries that bridged the gap between the Middle Ages and modern history. It began as a cultural movement in Italy that emphasized humanism and spread to the rest of Europe. Notable developments included innovations in art and literature as well as educational and scientific reforms. However, the effects of the Renaissance were not uniform across Europe.

1. The Renaissance (UK /rɨˈneɪsəns/, US /ˈrɛnɨsɑːns/, French pronunciation: [ʁənɛsɑ̃s],
from French: Renaissance "re-birth", Italian:Rinascimento, from rinascere "to be reborn")[1]
is
a period from the 14th to the 17th century, considered the bridge between the Middle
Ages and Modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval
period and later spread to the rest of Europe. Although the invention of metal movable type sped
the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not
uniformly experienced across Europe.
As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures,
beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which
contemporaries credited to Petrarch, the development of linear perspective and other techniques
of rendering a more natural reality in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform.
In politics, the Renaissance contributed the development of the conventions of diplomacy, and in
science an increased reliance on observation. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many
intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its
artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da
Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance man".[2][3]
There is a consensus that the Renaissance began in Florence, Italy, in the 14th century.[4]
Various
theories have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics, focusing on a variety
of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time; its political structure;
the patronage of its dominant family, the Medici;[5][6]
and the migration of Greek scholars and texts
to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Ottoman Turks.[7][8][9]
The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and in line with general scepticism of
discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-
century glorification of the "Renaissance" and individual culture heroes as "Renaissance men",
questioning the usefulness of Renaissance as a term and as a historical delineation.[10]
The art
historian Erwin Panofsky observed of this resistance to the concept of "Renaissance": It is
perhaps no accident that the factuality of the Italian Renaissance has been most vigorously
questioned by those who are not obliged to take a professional interest in the aesthetic aspects of
civilization—historians of economic and social developments, political and religious situations,
and, most particularly, natural science—but only exceptionally by students of literature and hardly
ever by historians of Art.[11]
Some have called into question whether the Renaissance was a
cultural "advance" from the Middle Ages, instead seeing it as a period of pessimism
and nostalgia for classical antiquity,[12]
while social and economic historians, especially of
the longue durée, have instead focused on the continuity between the two eras[13]
which are
linked, as Panofsky himself observed, "by a thousand ties".[14]
The word Renaissance, literally meaning "Rebirth" in French, first appears in English in the
1830s.[15]
The word occurs in Jules Michelet's 1855 work, Histoire de France. The
wordRenaissance has also been extended to other historical and cultural movements, such as
the Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the 12th century.[1

2. Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human
beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence
(rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism). The meaning of the
term humanism has fluctuated, according to the successive intellectual movements which have
identified with it.[1]
Generally, however, humanism refers to a perspective that affirms some notion
of a "human nature" (sometimes contrasted with antihumanism).
In modern times, humanist movements are typically aligned with secularism, and today
"Humanism" typically refers to a non-theistic life stance centred on human agency, and looking to
science instead of religious dogma in order to understand the world.[2]
In General:
The Dominant Philosophy in the Renaissance was humanism. Humanism( the beliefthat humans are
the most important)
The most known humanist an Desiderus Erasmus (1466-1536), ofthe Netherlands. He believed in
teaching latin and greek and also found them ofmost importance to teach.
The colloquies: taught latin style, but also taught the importance ofreligion and morals. It was one
of the most important text books in his time. The New England Primer also was important because it
taught language while it also taught morals with the christian doctrine.
T he Humanist curriculum involved: grammar,logic,rhetoric, arithmetic., geometry,
astronomy and music along with reading,writing,and speaking in latin. T he most
classical humanist curriculum is reflected in Latin grammar school
Overall, children weremorelikely to die ifthey lived in a not so well off household. Ifthey lived in a
very nice household, then they were more likely to have that education. Mainly, boys got their
education, and girls would stay at home.
In General:
The Dominant Philosophy in the Renaissance was humanism. Humanism( the beliefthat humans are
the most important)
The most known humanist an Desiderus Erasmus (1466-1536), ofthe Netherlands. He believed in
teaching latin and greek and also found them ofmost importance to teach.
The colloquies: taught latin style, but also taught the importance ofreligion and morals. It was one
of the most important text books in his time. The New England Primer also was important because it
taught language while it also taught morals with the christian doctrine.
T he Humanist curriculum involved: grammar,logic,rhetoric, arithmetic., geometry,
astronomy and music along with reading,writing,and speaking in latin. T he most
classical humanist curriculum is reflected in Latin grammar school

3. Overall, children weremorelikely to die ifthey lived in a not so well off household. Ifthey lived in a
very nice household, then they were more likely to have that education. Mainly, boys got their
education, and girls would stay at home.