Energy sources can be classified into non-renewable and renewable sources. Non-renewable sources like petroleum, natural gas, coal are fossil fuels that were formed over millions of years from decayed organic matter. While fossil fuels are abundant and economical, they produce greenhouse gas emissions and will be depleted. Renewable sources like solar, wind and hydropower are continually replenished and produce no emissions, but have high initial costs. All energy sources have benefits and limitations, and a variety of resources will be needed to meet growing global energy demand in a sustainable manner.
the ppt. focuses on promoting ways to save environment and tells solutions like using hydrogen and wind energy to save earth.
if u like the ideas then please promote it so that more and more people can know about them and make efforts at indivisual level.
Organic-Based Sources; Landfill Methane; Biomass energy; Hydropower ; Flowing water (Hydroelectric); Tidal power (waves and tides); Wave; Geothermal Energy (Geothermal power); Hydrogen Energy; Solar energy: (Energy from sunlight Rapid growing) ; Wind Energy
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF RENEWABLE, NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESOURCES OF ENERGY, SOLAR ENERGY, WIND ENERGY, TIDAL ENERGY, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, BIOMASS ENERGY, OCEAN ENERGY , FREE ENERGY, APPLICATIONS OF RENEWABLE
the ppt. focuses on promoting ways to save environment and tells solutions like using hydrogen and wind energy to save earth.
if u like the ideas then please promote it so that more and more people can know about them and make efforts at indivisual level.
Organic-Based Sources; Landfill Methane; Biomass energy; Hydropower ; Flowing water (Hydroelectric); Tidal power (waves and tides); Wave; Geothermal Energy (Geothermal power); Hydrogen Energy; Solar energy: (Energy from sunlight Rapid growing) ; Wind Energy
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF RENEWABLE, NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESOURCES OF ENERGY, SOLAR ENERGY, WIND ENERGY, TIDAL ENERGY, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, BIOMASS ENERGY, OCEAN ENERGY , FREE ENERGY, APPLICATIONS OF RENEWABLE
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
Energy storage system can actually store energy and use the stored energy whenever the need arises.
As the need for clean energy arises, the need to replace current existing power plants have become a global issue.
NEED OF ENERGY STORAGE
Supply and Demand mismatch
Utilize storage for peak periods.
Reliable power supply.
Reduce the need for new generation capacity.
Electrical vehicles
Emergency support.
Energy storage systems are the set of methods and technologies used to store various forms of energy.
There are many different forms of energy storage
Batteries: a range of electrochemical storage solutions, including advanced chemistry batteries, flow batteries, and capacitors
Mechanical Storage: other innovative technologies to harness kinetic or gravitational energy to store electricity
Compressed Air: utilize compressed air to create energy reserves. Electricity can be converted into hydrogen by electrolysis. The hydrogen can be then stored and eventually re-electrified.
Pumped hydro-power: creates energy reserves by using gravity and the manipulation of water elevation
Thermal: capturing heat or cold to create energy
The choice of energy storage technology is typically dictated by application, economics, integration within the system, and the availability of resources.
This is the PowerPoint presentation I used to teach elementary and junior high students about renewable energy. I recommend at least 90 minutes for the presentation, in order to get the most participation and discussion out of the classroom.
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
Energy storage system can actually store energy and use the stored energy whenever the need arises.
As the need for clean energy arises, the need to replace current existing power plants have become a global issue.
NEED OF ENERGY STORAGE
Supply and Demand mismatch
Utilize storage for peak periods.
Reliable power supply.
Reduce the need for new generation capacity.
Electrical vehicles
Emergency support.
Energy storage systems are the set of methods and technologies used to store various forms of energy.
There are many different forms of energy storage
Batteries: a range of electrochemical storage solutions, including advanced chemistry batteries, flow batteries, and capacitors
Mechanical Storage: other innovative technologies to harness kinetic or gravitational energy to store electricity
Compressed Air: utilize compressed air to create energy reserves. Electricity can be converted into hydrogen by electrolysis. The hydrogen can be then stored and eventually re-electrified.
Pumped hydro-power: creates energy reserves by using gravity and the manipulation of water elevation
Thermal: capturing heat or cold to create energy
The choice of energy storage technology is typically dictated by application, economics, integration within the system, and the availability of resources.
This is the PowerPoint presentation I used to teach elementary and junior high students about renewable energy. I recommend at least 90 minutes for the presentation, in order to get the most participation and discussion out of the classroom.
Renewable energy Sources, Efficiency, Uses and latest Research Zohaib HUSSAIN
1. Introduction
In today's world of climbing fuel prices, approaching the peak oil supply limit, and discussions of global warming, renewable energy is gaining more public attention and receiving more financial and legislative support. We need to learn more about the different types of renewable energy so that you can help educate your family, friends, and policymakers about ways to help our country move towards energy independence and environmental sustainability. According to a USAID report, Pakistan has the potential of producing 150,000 megawatts of wind energy, of which only the Sindh corridor can produce 40,000 megawatts.
2. Definition
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
3. Types of Renewable Energy
Most Countries currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. In contrast, renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy are constantly replenished and will never run out.
Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of commercial and industrial uses.
The sun's heat also drives the winds, whose energy, is captured with wind turbines. Then, the winds and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapor turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured using hydroelectric power. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. The organic matter that makes up those plants is known as biomass. Biomass can be used to produce electricity, transportation fuels, or chemicals. The use of biomass for any of these purposes is called bioenergy.
Hydrogen also can be found in many organic compounds, as well as water. It's the most abundant element on the Earth. But it doesn't occur naturally as a gas. It's always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Once separated from another element, hydrogen can be burned as a fuel or converted into electricity.
Not all renewable energy resources come from the sun. Geothermal energy taps the Earth's internal heat for a variety of uses, including electric power production, and the heating and cooling of buildings. And the energy of the ocean's tides come from the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun upon the Earth.
In fact, ocean energy comes from a number of sources. In add
More than 85% of the world’s current energy needs depend on the fossil fuels. As the population of India is increasing day by day the demand for energy is also increasing exponentially. Due to the limited resources, India has to import fossil fuels which directly affect our economy. It also affects our climate by causing pollution to a great extent by producing green house gases. So due to the above factors it is necessary to ponder over the ways to implement non-renewable energies. It is in this context two emerging renewable energy resources: Biodiesel and Geothermal energy were studied and the more efficient energy resource was selected based on economic and environmental aspects.
Resource refers to all the materials available in our environment which help us to satisfy our needs and wants. It is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable.
Resources are characterized as renewable or nonrenewable.
A renewable energy source means energy that is sustainable - something that can't run out, or is endless, like the sun.
energy resources and a brief explanination is given in this ppt to create a public awareness regarding renewable resources and safe gaurding the non renewable resouces of energy .we should grow green to save our nature
energy sources, quality , characteristics and classification( latika yadav)
1. ENERGY SOURCES, QUALITY AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY
SOURCES & CLASSIFICATION OF
ENERGY SOURCES
Ms. Latika Yadav (Research Scholar), Dept. of Foods and Nutrition,
College of H.Sc,Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and
Technology, MPUAT, Udaipur, rajasthan-313001, email.id:
a.lata27@gmail.com
2. Definition of ENERGY
The ability of a
system to do work.
ENERGY
A physical quantity
which produces a
change or effect.
Unit of measurement:
the joule (J).
5. Although oil, natural gas, and coal will
remain the primary energy sources for the foreseeable
future, a variety of resources
will be needed to meet the world’s growing demand.
Y
ENERG S OF
SO URCE
All energy sources have benefits,
OR LD!
THE W
6. QUALITY OF ENERGY SOURCES
Energy quality is the contrast between different Hydroelectricity
forms of energy, the different trophic levels in ecological
systems and the propensity of energy to convert from
one form to another. It appeals to our common
perception of the heat value, versatility, and
environmental performance of different energy forms
and the way a small increment in energy flow can
sometimes produce a large transformation effect on
both energy physical state and energy. For example the
transition from a solid state to liquid may only involve a
very small addition of energy.
Wind Power
Biomass
Fossil Fuels
Geothermal
7. ENERGY QUALITY is of 3 types:
1) Energy quality in physical-chemical science ( direct energy
transformations):
i) Constant energy form, but variable energy flow
ii) Variable energy form, but constant energy flow
2) Energy quality in ecological physical chemistry ( direct and
indirect energy transformations):
i) Constant energy form and constant energy flow
ii) Variable energy form and variable energy flow
3) Energy quality in biophysical economics ( indirect energy
transformations)
8. 1) Energy quality in physical- ENERGY TRNSFORMATION
chemical science ( direct energy
transformations):
i) Constant energy form, but variable
energy flow: T.Ohta suggested that the
concept of energy quality may be more
intuitive if one considers examples where
the form of energy remains constant but
the amount of energy flowing, or
transferred is varied. For instance if we
consider only the inertial form of energy,
then the energy quality of a moving body
is higher when it moves with a greater
velocity. If we consider only the heat
form of energy, then a higher
temperature has higher quality. And if
we consider only the light form of energy
then light with higher frequency has
greater quality (Ohta 1994, p. 90).
9. ii) Variable energy form, but constant energy flow : The situation
becomes more complex when the form of energy does not remain constant. Here,
energy quality is defined by the relative ease with which the energy transforms,
from form to form.
If energy A is relatively easier to convert to energy B but energy B
is relatively harder to convert to energy A, then the quality of energy A is defined
as being higher than that of B. (T.Ohta 1994, p. 90).
DIRECT ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
10. 2) Energy quality in ecological physical chemistry ( direct and
indirect energy transformations):
Ecological physical chemistry is concerned with the energy
conversions where the energy forms and flows are not held constant, and how the
form changes over successive indirect transformation steps in an ecological food
chain for example.
i) Constant energy form and constant energy flow
ii) Variable energy form and variable energy flow
Solar energy is categorized
into direct or indirect energy
transformation
11. INDIRECT ENERGY
TRANSFORMATION
3) Energy quality in biophysical economics (indirect energy transformations):
The notion of energy quality was also recognized in the economic sciences. In the
context of biophysical economics energy quality was measured by the amount of
economic output generated per unit of energy input (C.J. Cleveland et al. 2000).
12. Ranking energy quality HIGHEST QUALITY
Ohta Ranking Odum Ranking
Electromagnetic Information
Mechanical Human Services
Photon Protein Food
Chemical Electric Power
Heat Food, Greens, Grains
Howard. T. Odum
River-water potential
DIFFERENT HIERARCHICAL Consolidated Fuels
RANKS OF ENERGY FORM River Chemical energy
QUALITY
Mechanical
Tide
Gross Photosynthesis
Average wind
Sunlight
LOWEST QUALITY
13. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY
Energy can be stored. Energy can be transported. Energy can be transformed.
Energy can be transferred. Energy can be preserved. Energy can be degraded.
14. ENERGY SOURCE classification 2011
1) PETROLEUM & THEIR
PRODUCTS
Fossil Fuels
2) BIO FUELS
3) NATURAL GAS
4) COAL
5) BIOMASS
6) HYDROGEN
Biomass
7) NUCLEAR ENERGY
8) SOLAR ENERGY
9) HYDROELECTRIC
10) WIND POWER
Wind Power
11) GEOTHERMAL
12) OTHERS
Hydroelectricity
Geothermal
15. PETROLEUM is formed from animals and plants that lived
millions of years ago when heat and pressure turned decayed
matter into crude oil.
• Transportation fuel for the world
• Basis of many products, from
prescription drugs to plastics
• Economical to produce, easy
to transport
• High C02 emissions l
w ab
• Found in limited areas ne
e
• Supply may be exhausted nr e
before natural gas/coal resources no
• Possible environmental impact
from drilling and transporting
16. PROPANE is produced as a byproduct from natural gas
processing and crude oil refining. It burns hotter and more
evenly than other fuels.
• Yields 60–70% less smog-producing
hydrocarbons than gasoline/diesel
fuel or propane exhaust
• Nontoxic and insoluble in water
• Doesn’t spill, pool, or leave a residue
• Uses some fossil fuels in conversion l
w ab
• Highly flammable
ene
• Less energy in a gallon of propane nr e
than in a gallon of gasoline or no
diesel fuel
17. NATURAL GAS consists primarily of methane but includes
significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen sulfide.
• Widely available
• Burns more cleanly than coal or oil
• Often used in combination with
other fuels to decrease pollution in
electricity generation
• Added artificial odor that people
can easily smell the gas in case
of a leak
ble
e wa
n
• Transportation costs are high n re
• Burns cleanly, but still no
has emissions
• Pipelines impact ecosystems
18. COAL is formed from trees and plants in vast primeval forests,
when heat and pressure turned decayed matter into coal. Coal
is a part of the fossil fuels family.
• Abundant supply
• Currently inexpensive to extract
• Reliable and capable of
generating large amounts
of power
b l
• Emits major greenhouse gases
ewa
and acid rain ren
• High environmental impact from n on e
mining and burning
• Mining can be dangerous
for miners
19. NUCLEAR ENERGY is generated in reactors, when nuclear
fuel fission heats water, and the steam turns turbines to run
the generators that convert energy into electricity.
• No greenhouse gases or C02 emissions
• Efficiently transforms energy
into electricity
• Uranium reserves are abundant
• Refueled yearly
• Higher capital costs
• Problem of long-term l
w ab
storage of radioactive waste
ene
• Heated waste water from o nr e
nuclear plants harms aquatic life n
• Potential nuclear proliferation issue
20. SOLAR ENERGY is generated when photovoltaic (PV)
cells convert heat from the sun directly into electricity.
• Nonpolluting
• Most abundant energy
source available
• Systems last 15–30 years
• High initial investment
• Dependent on sunny weather
• Supplemental energy may be l e
needed in low sunlight areas w ab
• Requires large physical space ne
re
for PV cell panels
21. HYDROELECTRIC POWER is generated when flowing water
turns turbines to run generators that convert energy into electricity.
• No emissions
• Reliable
• Capable of generating
large amounts of power
• Output can be regulated
to meet demand
• Environmental impacts by le
w ab
changing the environment e
n
• Hydroelectric dams re
are expensive to build
• Dams may be affected
by drought
• Potential for floods
22. WIND POWER is generated when wind turns turbines to run
the generators that convert energy into electricity, which is
then stored in batteries.
• No emissions
• Affordable
• Little disruption of ecosystems
• Relatively high output
• Output is proportional
to wind speed
• Not feasible for all a bl e
e w
geographical locations ren
• High initial investment
• Extensive land use
23. BIOMASS is produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, recycled
restaurant greases, and other byproducts of plant, agricultural,
and forestry processing or industrial and human waste products.
• Abundant supply
• Fewer emissions than
fossil fuel sources
• Can be used in diesel engines
• Auto engines can easily be
converted to run on biomass fuel
• Source must be near usage
to cut transportation costs b le
• Emits some pollution ewa
• Increases nitrogen oxides, ren
an air pollutant emissions
• Uses some fossil fuels in conversion
24. ETHANOL is a subset of biomass that is manufactured from
alcohols, ethers, esters, and other chemicals extracted from
plant and tree residue. It can be made from corn, sugar,
wheat, and barley.
• Easily manufactured
• Fewer emissions than fossil fuel
• Carbon-neutral (C02 emissions
offset by photosynthesis in plants)
• Extensive use of cropland
• Less energy in a gallon of
ethanol than in a gallon of
gasoline or diesel fuel
• Costs more than gasoline to produce
• Currently requires government subsidy
to be affordable to consumers
25. HYDROGEN is found in combination with oxygen in water, but it
is also present in organic matter such as living plants, petroleum,
or coal. Hydrogen fuel is a byproduct of chemically-mixing hydrogen
and oxygen to produce electricity, water, and heat. It’s stored in
a “cell” or battery.
• Abundant supply
• Water vapor emissions only
• Excellent industrial safety record
• More expensive to produce
than fossil fuel Systems
• Currently uses a large
amount of fossil fuels in the b le
hydrogen extraction process ewa
• Storage and fuel cell technology ren
still being developed
26. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY is generated by heat in the earth’s
core. It is found underground by drilling steam wells (like oil
drilling). There is a global debate as to whether geothermal
energy is renewable or nonrenewable.
• Minimal environmental impact
• Efficient
• Power plants have low emissions
• Low cost after the
initial investment
• Geothermal fields found in e
bl
few areas around the world
e wa
• Expensive start-up costs ren
• Wells could eventually
be depleted