The document discusses various aspects of future energy systems and the transition away from fossil fuels. It begins by outlining problems with current large-scale energy generation methods and their dependence on fossil fuels. It then discusses how fossil fuel reserves will be depleted by 2088 if usage continues at present rates. The bulk of the document explores renewable energy sources like solar, wind, biomass, and the potential for a future based around technologies like smart grids, fuel cells, and hydrogen. It provides details on how each renewable source can be harnessed and integrated into energy systems.
Beginning from understanding the need to shift from conventional energy sources to Renewable Energy Sources (RES), the presentation talks about various technical and economic challenges faced in the process of increasing its penetration into the grid. The later half of the presentation describes various solar policies both at National (JNNSM) and State levels in India with emphasis on Gujarat and Karnataka state solar policies.
This report on “Solar PV Sector in India: Challenges & Way ahead”, prepared by Tata Strategic Management Group, has a holistic view on the current state of solar sector in India. The key focus of the report is on identifying key challenges faced by different stakeholders in the Indian market and how a collaborative effort in the right direction could ensure the growth of the sector to realize its true potential
This presentation is an introduction to the sustainable energy challenge. It gives an overview over fossil fuels, the laws of energy, energy efficiency and conservation, and renewable energy sources. The focus is on providing students with the scientific tools for understanding the magnitude of the challenge and analyzing potential solutions.
Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islami...IJERA Editor
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of renewable energy, namely solar energy,for peak shaving during peak loads and to investigate the feasibility of using grid-connected solar system for electricity generation in Ministry of Awqaf mosques. PVsyst software is used to find the optimal design for total connected load of 80 kW. The technical performance of 80 kWgrid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar systems was investigated. Applying renewable energy in building is required by Kuwait government, all sectors should use 30% of the consumed energy from renewable energy in year 2030. The total cost of the solar systems for 1400 mosques is around 512 million dollars and the total cost of energyis39 milliondollars per year according to 0.2 dollarwhich mean that the payback period within 13 years.Based on the study results, the development of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)solar system in Awqaf mosques in Kuwait could be economically viable and provide peak shaving during peak loads.
Beginning from understanding the need to shift from conventional energy sources to Renewable Energy Sources (RES), the presentation talks about various technical and economic challenges faced in the process of increasing its penetration into the grid. The later half of the presentation describes various solar policies both at National (JNNSM) and State levels in India with emphasis on Gujarat and Karnataka state solar policies.
This report on “Solar PV Sector in India: Challenges & Way ahead”, prepared by Tata Strategic Management Group, has a holistic view on the current state of solar sector in India. The key focus of the report is on identifying key challenges faced by different stakeholders in the Indian market and how a collaborative effort in the right direction could ensure the growth of the sector to realize its true potential
This presentation is an introduction to the sustainable energy challenge. It gives an overview over fossil fuels, the laws of energy, energy efficiency and conservation, and renewable energy sources. The focus is on providing students with the scientific tools for understanding the magnitude of the challenge and analyzing potential solutions.
Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islami...IJERA Editor
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of renewable energy, namely solar energy,for peak shaving during peak loads and to investigate the feasibility of using grid-connected solar system for electricity generation in Ministry of Awqaf mosques. PVsyst software is used to find the optimal design for total connected load of 80 kW. The technical performance of 80 kWgrid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar systems was investigated. Applying renewable energy in building is required by Kuwait government, all sectors should use 30% of the consumed energy from renewable energy in year 2030. The total cost of the solar systems for 1400 mosques is around 512 million dollars and the total cost of energyis39 milliondollars per year according to 0.2 dollarwhich mean that the payback period within 13 years.Based on the study results, the development of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)solar system in Awqaf mosques in Kuwait could be economically viable and provide peak shaving during peak loads.
Pilot Solar Thermal Power Plant Station in Southwest LouisianaIJAPEJOURNAL
Solar thermal plants are basically power plants that generate electricity from high-temperature heat. The difference between them and conventional power plants is that instead of deriving energy from gas, coal or oil, the sun provides the energy that drives the turbines. In this paper we will give a brief demonstration of solar thermal power and different system designs of solar thermal power plants. Then we will see the feasibility of implementing solar power plants in Louisiana which currently depends mostly on its conventional power plants which use traditional fuels such as gas, oil, and coal. This study was a part of a proposal that was funded by the US the Department of Energy to construct solar thermal plant near Lafayette, Louisiana. The power plant is currently under the construction and it will be completed by Summer of 2013
Guest lecture given to first-year engineering students at the University of British Columbia, 2013 Sept 10. (APSC 150)
Title: A sustainable (energy) future
After a brief preface on intellectual self-defense, the presentation discussed the science underpinning our understanding of climate change, followed by an analysis of worldwide energy use.
The experience curve was introduced as a force arguably more powerful than Moore's Law (because it applies in virtually every manufacturing sector) and the main reason that renewables (wind and solar, for the time being) are likely to displace fossil fuel and nuclear power in the coming decades -- not for reasons of conscience, but reasons of cost.
Lastly, the metaphor of the "utility death spiral" was introduced to explain the probable impact of efficiency and renewables, on the fossil-and-nuclear dominated utility sector, in coming decades.
Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources which are replenished
such as wind, wave, solar, biomass and tidal power. Governments and companies around the
world are investing heavily in developing technologies to harness the power of clean
renewable energy sources because of their potential to produce large quantities of energy
without generating greenhouse gases which can contribute to climate change. Most of the
power generation in India is carried out by conventional energy sources, coal and mineral oilbased
power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission.
Renewable energy sources consist of solar, hydro, wind, geothermal, ocean and
biomass. The most common advantage of each is that they are renewable and cannot be
depleted. They are a clean energy, as they don't pollute the air, and they don't contribute to
global warming effects. Since their sources are natural the cost of operations is reduced and
they also require less maintenance on their plants.
The Opportunity of Using Wind to Generate Power as a Renewable Energy:"Case o...IJERA Editor
The demand ofsustainable energy is increased daily by expanding our cities and creating new cities and suburbswith huge towers besides increasing in population,moreover the environment and human life is threatening by the pollutions resulted from energy generation. For this reason the researchersattracted todevelop renewable energy and explore its large benefits and unit capacity. Wind power is one of the clean renewable energy resources.Therefore the importance of implementing this resource in Kuwait draws our attention to make this research to emphasis on the technical and economic aspects due to acceptable environmental conditions. Whereas, in some areas of the world, such as in Japan, has some geographical and electrical restrictions such as power fluctuating for land wind generation. And the introductionof large amount of wind power generation tends to be extremely difficult and even impossible in some location. This research is aimed to concentrate on the visibility of utilizing the wind energy as complementary source for the existing steam and gas turbine power stations in Kuwait, furthermore point out the economical perspectives that will guide us to take the right decision. The location of wind farms is very important in this aspect where we cannot build such projects inside the cities between buildings besides meeting the minimum requirements for economic generation. The study prove to us that even at a location which is almost close to the inhabitants buildings ( Kuwait airport ) can get accepted results the historical data was collected from the weather station at internet. The implementation of wind turbine farms is foreseen to be economic in generation for long run and encouragestepping up toward putting the infrastructure design. Furthermoreit is an opportunity for creating new job vacancies.
Renewable Energy Sources in Tamilnadu by MATHANKUAMRMathankumar S
Renewable Energy Resources in TamilNadu ..... Need for Improvement ....Energy Crisis ............. Power Demand in TamilNadu .......... Need to Develop Power Resources............... Power Plants in TamilNadu ..... Electricity Sector in India ............. World Electricity Generation ------------- TamilNadu Electricity Status in the year of 2012 .................. Present Problems in Electric Generation .............. Findout the possibilities ..............
At Future Earth,we are committed to providing a quality installation.We offer planned maintenance programs that will extend the warranty. We have skilled design engineers with many years of experience to call on.
Pilot Solar Thermal Power Plant Station in Southwest LouisianaIJAPEJOURNAL
Solar thermal plants are basically power plants that generate electricity from high-temperature heat. The difference between them and conventional power plants is that instead of deriving energy from gas, coal or oil, the sun provides the energy that drives the turbines. In this paper we will give a brief demonstration of solar thermal power and different system designs of solar thermal power plants. Then we will see the feasibility of implementing solar power plants in Louisiana which currently depends mostly on its conventional power plants which use traditional fuels such as gas, oil, and coal. This study was a part of a proposal that was funded by the US the Department of Energy to construct solar thermal plant near Lafayette, Louisiana. The power plant is currently under the construction and it will be completed by Summer of 2013
Guest lecture given to first-year engineering students at the University of British Columbia, 2013 Sept 10. (APSC 150)
Title: A sustainable (energy) future
After a brief preface on intellectual self-defense, the presentation discussed the science underpinning our understanding of climate change, followed by an analysis of worldwide energy use.
The experience curve was introduced as a force arguably more powerful than Moore's Law (because it applies in virtually every manufacturing sector) and the main reason that renewables (wind and solar, for the time being) are likely to displace fossil fuel and nuclear power in the coming decades -- not for reasons of conscience, but reasons of cost.
Lastly, the metaphor of the "utility death spiral" was introduced to explain the probable impact of efficiency and renewables, on the fossil-and-nuclear dominated utility sector, in coming decades.
Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources which are replenished
such as wind, wave, solar, biomass and tidal power. Governments and companies around the
world are investing heavily in developing technologies to harness the power of clean
renewable energy sources because of their potential to produce large quantities of energy
without generating greenhouse gases which can contribute to climate change. Most of the
power generation in India is carried out by conventional energy sources, coal and mineral oilbased
power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission.
Renewable energy sources consist of solar, hydro, wind, geothermal, ocean and
biomass. The most common advantage of each is that they are renewable and cannot be
depleted. They are a clean energy, as they don't pollute the air, and they don't contribute to
global warming effects. Since their sources are natural the cost of operations is reduced and
they also require less maintenance on their plants.
The Opportunity of Using Wind to Generate Power as a Renewable Energy:"Case o...IJERA Editor
The demand ofsustainable energy is increased daily by expanding our cities and creating new cities and suburbswith huge towers besides increasing in population,moreover the environment and human life is threatening by the pollutions resulted from energy generation. For this reason the researchersattracted todevelop renewable energy and explore its large benefits and unit capacity. Wind power is one of the clean renewable energy resources.Therefore the importance of implementing this resource in Kuwait draws our attention to make this research to emphasis on the technical and economic aspects due to acceptable environmental conditions. Whereas, in some areas of the world, such as in Japan, has some geographical and electrical restrictions such as power fluctuating for land wind generation. And the introductionof large amount of wind power generation tends to be extremely difficult and even impossible in some location. This research is aimed to concentrate on the visibility of utilizing the wind energy as complementary source for the existing steam and gas turbine power stations in Kuwait, furthermore point out the economical perspectives that will guide us to take the right decision. The location of wind farms is very important in this aspect where we cannot build such projects inside the cities between buildings besides meeting the minimum requirements for economic generation. The study prove to us that even at a location which is almost close to the inhabitants buildings ( Kuwait airport ) can get accepted results the historical data was collected from the weather station at internet. The implementation of wind turbine farms is foreseen to be economic in generation for long run and encouragestepping up toward putting the infrastructure design. Furthermoreit is an opportunity for creating new job vacancies.
Renewable Energy Sources in Tamilnadu by MATHANKUAMRMathankumar S
Renewable Energy Resources in TamilNadu ..... Need for Improvement ....Energy Crisis ............. Power Demand in TamilNadu .......... Need to Develop Power Resources............... Power Plants in TamilNadu ..... Electricity Sector in India ............. World Electricity Generation ------------- TamilNadu Electricity Status in the year of 2012 .................. Present Problems in Electric Generation .............. Findout the possibilities ..............
At Future Earth,we are committed to providing a quality installation.We offer planned maintenance programs that will extend the warranty. We have skilled design engineers with many years of experience to call on.
Water and sewage systems for future cities. Cases: New York and BangaloreHabitatNorway
Infrastructure 2013: Water
Presentation from the first 'Infrastructure 2013' evening seminar on access to clean water and water managment in growing cities. Seminar held in Oslo 20 March 2013.
Vann og avløpsløsninger i fremtidens byer. Case Bangalore/New York
Petter D Jenssen, Universitetet for Miljø og Biovitenskap (UMB)Association for International Water Studies)
All the energy that humans use comes directly or indirectly from the sun. In the
beginning, humans used their own strength, which came from their food. That was the
only energy source for hundreds of thousands of years, until fire was discovered
350,000 years ago, burning wood as fuel. They had discovered the biomass as energy
source.
The Future of Alternate Energy in India: The World War-III Begins Manu Srinath
Mankind has already seen two World Wars. The Nations which emerged victorious in the last one are today the so-called Developed Nations and others are forced to have a 'subordinate' tag and they are called the Third World.
But now it's time for the next one and this is not a Tennis tournment to have seedings to save the Mighty Neck of the First World. No head-starts.
No Offence to Late PM Rajiv Gandhi of India when he said " Information Technology will be the base for the Third Word War". But we, a group of NLUO-ites believe that the fight is for the dominance in Alternate Energy and those who lag behind, will be behind others forever.
The Real Bloodshed is yet to begin.... and Ideas and War Strategies??!!.... dnt worry... we are there!
- A National Law University Orissa Presentation
A public lecture on RENEWABLE ENERGY: HOW READY ARE WE AS A NATION delivered by Engr Kayode Odunlami at National Association of Electrical Engineering Students 2018 Annual Public Lecture Series.
Marine Power Systems (MPS) has published a report outlining the potential for wave power to contribute to 10% of global electricity demand by 2050.
The report titled Making Wave Power Work provides an analysis of the economic and environmental potential that wave power offers both the UK and the rest of the world.
It calls on industry and trade bodies to join up their communications around the 10% target, and businesses and governments to ramp up steady financial support and policy stability. (Source: http://tidalenergytoday.com/2017/06/28/mps-calls-for-10-wave-energy-target-by-2050/)
An entrepreneurial approach (Business Plan) towards sustainability and renewable energy by implementing appropriate measures and techniques to resolve the existing issue of electricity crisis and aiming at sustainable development.
An entrepreneurial approach (Business Plan) towards sustainability and renewable energy by implementing appropriate measures and techniques to resolve the existing issue of electricity crisis and aiming at sustainable development
Making Indian Engineering World class - Theme talk on Engineer's day 2014Prof. Mohandas K P
This is the ppt on a talk given on the theme " Making Indian Engineering World class" on Engineer's day for Institution of Engineers Kozhikode Local centre on 22nd Sept . Presents points from the theme circulated and my ideas views on how Indian engineers who are inferior to none in the world can do well in our own country.
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
Fuel Cells are becoming the preferred alternate energy but unless the constraints are understood and dealt with it will not be adopted at the rate it should
Module-1 Non Conventional Energy sourcesDr Ramesh B T
Energy source, India’s production and reserves of commercial energy sources, need for nonconventional energy sources, energy alternatives, solar, thermal, photovoltaic. Water power, wind biomass, ocean temperature difference, tidal and waves, geothermal, tar sands and oil shale, nuclear (Brief descriptions); advantages and disadvantages, comparison (Qualitative and Quantitative). Solar Radiation: Extra-Terrestrial radiation, spectral distribution of extra terrestrial radiation, solar constant, solar radiation at the earth’s surface, beam, diffuse and global radiation, solar radiation data. Measurement of Solar Radiation: Pyrometer, shading ring pyrheliometer, sunshine recorder, schematic diagrams and principle of working.
Why Use Renewable Energy?
Viable Alternative
Fossil fuel are more expensive
Environmental concerns/Green Technology and sustainability
Multiple/limitless fuel to turn a Renewable Energy Infrastructure like wind, solar and wastes
Increase range of Technologies
Cost effective than its alternative
This is a beautiful but disturbing power point presentation on life without water in Malayalam free translation from the one available on the website of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, former President of India.
Success in Engineering Studies Presentation at IEEE Awareness Programme Prof. Mohandas K P
This is a presentation given at the "Roadmap to Success in Engineering Studies 2016", IEEE, IEI Programme at Regional science Centre Kozhikode on 7th May
This a beautiful power point show from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam(former President of India, Space Scientist, Engineer depicting what will happen due to scarcity of water in future.
Green and Smart Homes to Save theplanet : Prof K P MohandasProf. Mohandas K P
A presentation on Green Homes and Smart Homes.. What are Green Homes and Why they are required. What are Smart Homes and what it can do to save the planet
Tips for success in Engineering studies By Prof K P Mohandas Prof. Mohandas K P
Some tips for Success in Engg Studies by Prof K P Mohandas for participants of the Road map Prohgramme 2015 for Engineering Aspirants on 16th May, organised by IEEE Malbar Subsection, Institution Of Engineers Local Centere and Regional Science Centre Kozhikode
Engineering Studies from a recent graduate's prespective_ Sreevas Sahasranama...Prof. Mohandas K P
Presentation by Sreevas Sahasranama, Fellow Programme in Management, I I M K on his eperience in Engg Studies for Plus two students in Roadmap Programme by IEEE , IEI and RSC&P Kozhikode 16th May
Managerial Skills for Engineering Studies_Prof SajikuriakoseProf. Mohandas K P
Presentation by Prof Saji Kuriakose Director Feroke Inst of Management Science for Engineering Aspirants on 16th May in connection with the Awareness Programme by IEEE, IEI & Regional Science Centre .
Electrical and Electronics Ebgineering _ Dr Paul K Joseph Prof. Mohandas K P
Presentation on Electrical and Electronics Engineering by Prof Paul K Joseph N I T Calicut in connection with Roadmap for Success in Engineering Studies 2015 organised by IEEE, IEI & RSC&P Kozhikode on 16th May
Civil and Architectural Engg - an INtroduction by Prof T P Somasundaram Prof. Mohandas K P
A presentation of what is Civil Engg & Architecture for Engineering Aspirants in connection with Roadmap to Success in Engg Studies organised by IEEE Malabar Subsection, Institution Of Engineers Kozhikode LC and Regional Science Centre on 16th May 2015
Another year of growth and consolidation of student branch activities in IEEE Malabar hub.in 2014. Congratulations to Dr Vinod Pottakkulam, Fawaz and excellent team of officers
uploaded by Prof K P Mohandas
Annual report of activities of IEEE Malabar subsection 2014Prof. Mohandas K P
Activities of IEEE Malabar subsection in 2014 reported by Secretary Nandakumar R in the AGM 21st Dec at N I T Calicut. A glorious year of professional activities.
uploaded by Prof K P Mohandas
How do we assess the quality of research? The need and methods for the same discussed here . Keynote address at the National Conference on Communication Signal Processing and Networking at N S S College of Engineering Palakkad on 10th Oct 2014
Tips for success at engineering studies ( A talk to the freshers at MESCE)Prof. Mohandas K P
These are the slides of a talk given to the first year students admitted to M E S College of Engineering Kuttippuram on 5th Aug 2014. Hope some things will be useful to the young students who see this.
Preview of the forthcoming book " A Guide to Academic Research"Prof. Mohandas K P
Please see the cover page and contents of my forthcoming book on " A Guide to Academic Research" being published by Sanguine Technical Publishers Bangalore.
The book will be available in a few weeks from now from the publishers..
A Guide to Academic Research - new book being released this monthProf. Mohandas K P
This is a new book written by me being published by Sanguine Technical Publishers Bangalore. Contains chapters on Basics of Research,Literature Survey Using Internet, Technical Writing, Technical Presentations, Quality of Research and Problems faced by students along with a list of agencies giving research and travel grants. Can approach the publishers after two weeks.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
ENERGY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS OF THE FUTURE : Keynote address at ICCES14 at M E A College of Engg 8th Aug
1. Dr. K P Mohandas
Dean Academic & Professor MESCE
(Former Dean, N I T Calicut)
2. Overview
Introduction
Present methods of power generation
Fossil fuels , for how long
Future in Renewable Energy sources
Solar power
Wind power
Bio-fuels and others
Smart grids
Micro-grids
Other innovations
What is to be done
Conclusions
8/7/2014 2Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
3. Problems with the present large
energy generation
Thermal power plants
Over dependence on fossil fuels
Generation of Green gas emission
Air pollution
Nuclear Plants
Danger as in Chernobyl ,Fukushima
Hydroelectric
Clean but vagaries of the weather
And lower storage capacity
8/7/2014 3Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
4. Fossil fuels
The fossil fuels mined from mother earth
are :
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Large scale utilization of these in the last
few decades has resulted in fast
depletion of these
8/7/2014 4Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
5. Treasure of millions of years
Fossil fuels are an incredibly dense form of
energy, and they took millions of years to
become so.
The oil deposits are at least 150 million
years old
Coal deposits at least 300 million years old
Fossil fuel reserves are not ‘finite’ not
perennial or ever lasting. And when they’re
gone, they’re gone pretty much forever
8/7/2014 5Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
6. How long fossil fuel last , it is a
matter of time!!!
Globally - every year we consume
Over 11 billion tonnes of fossil fuels.
Crude oil reserves are vanishing at
the rate of 4 billion tonnes a year –
If we carry on at this rate , it is estimated
that our known oil deposits will be
finished by 2052.
8/7/2014 6Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
7. Coal will last longer, but..
Some say that we have enough coal to last
hundreds of years.
But if we step up production to fill the gap
left through depleting our oil and gas
reserves,
the coal deposits we know about will only
give us enough energy to take us as far as
2088.
And let’s not even think of the carbon
dioxide emissions from burning all that
coal.
8/7/2014 7Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
8. Natural gas, clean …still
But if we increase gas production to fill the
energy gap left by oil, then those reserves
will only give us an additional eight years,
taking us to 2060.
But the rate at which the world consumes
fossil fuels is not standing still,
it is increasing as the world's population
increases and as living standards rise in
parts of the world that until recently had
consumed very little energy.
Fossil Fuels will therefore run out earlier.
8/7/2014 8Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
9. The D-day is near - 2088 ?
8/7/2014 9Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
10. The D-day approaching
So does 2088 mark the point that we run out of fossil
fuels? The simple answer is no.
Some new reserves will be found which may extend
this deadline slightly, but these can’t last forever.
New reserves are becoming harder to find, and
those that are being discovered are significantly
smaller than the ones that have been found in the
past.
Take oil, for example, we’re probably already on a
downward slope.
Sixteen of the world’s twenty largest oil fields have
already reached their peak level of production, whilst
the golden age of oil field discovery was nearly 50
years ago.
8/7/2014 10Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
11. Renewable energy is the future
Renewable energy offer us another
way, a way to avoid this (fossil fuelled)
energy time bomb, but we must start
now.
As the Saudi Oil Minister said in the
1970s, “The Stone Age didn’t end for
lack of stone, and the oil age will end
long before the world runs out of oil.”
8/7/2014 11Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
12. Renewable Energ y abundant
Hydroelectric
Solar energy
Wind energy
Ocean waves
Geothermal energy
Biomass and bio-fuels
8/7/2014 12Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
13. World use of renewable energy
8/7/2014 13Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
14. How much energy from the sun
In full sun, about 100 watts of solar
energy per square foot.
If you assume 12 hours of sun per day,
this equates to 438,000 watt-hours per
square foot per year.
Based on 27,878,400 square feet per
square mile, sunlight bestows a
whopping 12.2 trillion watt-hours per
square mile per year.
8/7/2014 14Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
15. How much from the Sun?
12.2 trillion watt-hours converts to 12,211 gigawatt-
hours, and based on 8,760 hours per year, and 197
million square miles of earth’s surface (including the
oceans), the earth receives about 274 million
gigawatt-years of solar energy.
Put another way, the solar energy hitting the
earth exceeds the total energy consumed by
humanity by a factor of over 20,000 times.
Clearly there is enough solar energy available to
fulfill all the human race’s energy requirements now,
and for all practical purposes, forever.
The key is developing technologies that efficiently
convert solar power into usable energy in a cost-
effective manner.
8/7/2014 15Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
16. Why Solar power
1. Solar energy is free although there is a cost in the
building of ‘collectors’ and other equipment required
to convert solar energy into electricity or hot water.
2. Solar energy does not cause pollution. However,
solar collectors and other associated equipment /
machines are manufactured in factories that in turn
cause some pollution.
3. Solar energy can be used in remote areas where it is
too expensive to extend the electricity power grid.
4. Many everyday items such as calculators and other
low power consuming devices can be powered by
solar energy effectively.
5. The solar energy is infinite (forever, perennial).
8/7/2014 16Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
17. Solar energy using photo voltaic
cells
8/7/2014 17Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
18. Solar power by generating steam
8/7/2014 18Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
20. Solar at home self contained
8/7/2014 20Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
21. Basic two forms of usage
Self contained, decentralized unit
No chance of using excess power used
No battery required and low initial cost.
On grid systems
Feed excess power to grid.
Need batteries for storage
Special meters for two way power flow
8/7/2014 21Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
22. Problems at present
The present day solar converters like PV
(Photo Voltaic) cells are not efficient enough
The need for batteries for on grid units
Cost of generation per kWh is very high (
Rs 30-60 per watt : 5kW unit Rs. 5-7 lakhs )
Problems of e-waste disposal
Evolving technology and hence fast
obsolescence of equipment, economics
Mechanics of solar tracking and non-uniform
energy received
8/7/2014 22Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
23. Wind power
Availably of wind at an economic
average velocity is required
Clean energy , no pollution.
No green gas emission
Large wind farms occupy significant
land area
8/7/2014 23Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
24. Wind power on land
8/7/2014 24Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
25. Wind power in lakes / off shore
8/7/2014 25Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
26. Feeding wind power to grid
Induction generators, used for wind power,
require reactive power for excitation and
substantial capacitor banks for power factor correction.
Different types of wind turbine generators behave
differently during transmission grid disturbances, dynamic
electromechanical characteristics of a new wind farm is
required by transmission system operators to ensure
predictable stable behaviour during system faults .
Induction generators cannot support the system voltage
during faults, unlike steam or hydro turbine-driven
synchronous generators.
Doubly fed machines generally have more desirable
properties for grid interconnection. Transmission systems
operators will supply a wind farm developer with a grid
code to specify the requirements for interconnection to the
transmission grid.
8/7/2014 26Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
30. Large scale generation in USA
Wind power in the United States expanding
quickly over the last several years. At of the
end of 2013 the capacity was 61,108 MW.
This capacity is exceeded only by China.
Projects totaling 12,000 MW of capacity were
under construction at the end of 2013,
including 10,900 MW that began construction
in the 4th quarter.
For the 12 months through April 2014, the
electricity produced from wind power in the
United States amounted to 174.7 terawatt-
hours, or 4.25% of all generated electrical
energy.
8/7/2014 30Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
31. Problems of Wind power
Environmental impact due to large land
usage and affecting natural beauty
Reports of bird and bat mortality at wind
turbines
The scale of the ecological impact may
not be significant, depending on specific
circumstances.
Fluctuations in power output due to
change in wind velocity
8/7/2014 31Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
32. Biomass and Biofuels
Biomass is biological material derived
from living, or recently living organisms.
Biomass can either be used directly via
combustion to produce heat, or indirectly
after converting it to a biofuel.
Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be
by different methods which are broadly
classified into: thermal, chemical,
and biochemical methods.
8/7/2014 32Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
33. Biomass to biofuel
Biomass can be converted to other forms of energy like
methane gas or transportation fuels
like ethanol and biodiesel.
Rotting garbage, and agricultural and human waste, all
release methane gas—also called "landfill gas" or
"biogas." Crops, such as corn and sugar cane, can be
fermented to produce the transportation fuel, ethanol.
Also, biomass to liquids and cellulosic ethanol are still under
research.[Biodiesel, another transportation fuel, can be
produced from left-over food products like vegetable oils and
animal fats.
There is a great deal of research involving algae, or algae-
derived, biomass due to the fact that it’s a non-food resource
and can be produced at rates 5 to 10 times faster than other
types of land-based agriculture, such as corn and soy.
Once harvested, it can be fermented to produce biofuels such
as ethanol, butanol and methane, as well
as biodiesel and hydrogen.
8/7/2014 33Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
34. Sources of biomass energy
8/7/2014 34Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
38. Problems of biomass
Food crisis:
Increasing demand for biofuels leads to a rise in food import costs.
Deforestation and biodiversity:
Though technically biofuel is environment-friendly but it has indirect
impact on deforestation and biodiversity..
Reverse impact:
It seems that biofuel production is eco-friendly and potential to reduce
carbon emission but a massive plantation may have opposite impact on
micro climate due to poor environmental management in Bangladesh.
Intensity of mono-cropping:
Mono-cropping intensity may increase and deplete the fertility of the
land..
Biomass price:
. Due to the increasing demand for biofuel, the biomass resources can
be more expensive.
8/7/2014 38Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
39. Fuel cells
A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical
energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical
reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.
Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but
hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols
like methanol are sometimes used.
Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they
require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run,
but they can produce electricity continually for as
long as these inputs are supplied.
Fuel cells are a promising technology for use as a
source of heat and electricity in buildings, and as an
electrical power source for vehicles.
8/7/2014 39Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
41. Fuel cells
Cars and trucks that use fuel cells are being built. In a fuel cell vehicle,
an electrochemical device converts hydrogen (stored on board) and
oxygen from the air into electricity, to drive an electric motor and
power the vehicle. They can be e fueled with natural gas, methanol or
even gasoline.
Reforming these fuels to create hydrogen will allow the use of much of
our current energy infrastructure – gas stations, natural gas pipelines,
etc. – while fuel cells are phased in. In the future, hydrogen could also
join electricity as an important energy carrier. An energy carrier stores,
moves and delivers energy in a usable form to consumers. Renewable
energy sources, like the sun, can’t produce energy all the time.
The sun doesn’t always shine. But hydrogen can store this energy
until it is needed and can be transported to where it is needed. Some
experts think that hydrogen will form the basic energy infrastructure
that will power future societies, replacing today’s natural gas, oil, coal,
and electricity infrastructures. They see a new “hydrogen economy” to
replace our current “fossil fuel-based economy,” although that vision
probably won’t happen until far in the future
8/7/2014 41Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
43. Smart Grids
A smart grid is a modern electrical grid
that uses analog or digital Information and
Communications Technology (ICT)
to gather and act on information, such as
those about the behaviors of suppliers and
consumers,
in an automated fashion to improve
the efficiency, reliability, economics,
and sustainability of the production and
distribution of electricity.
8/7/2014 43Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
44. Features of Smart Grid
Reliability
The smart grid will make use of
technologies, such as state
estimation, that improve fault
detection and allow self-healing of the
network without the intervention of
technicians.
This will ensure more reliable supply of
electricity, and reduced vulnerability to
natural disasters or attack.
8/7/2014 44Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
45. Flexibility in network topology
Next-generation transmission and
distribution infrastructure will be better
able to handle possible bidirection
energy flows, allowing for distributed
generation such as from photovoltaic
panels on building roofs, but also the
use of fuel cells, charging to/from the
batteries of electric cars, wind turbines,
pumped hydroelectric power, and other
source
8/7/2014 45Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
46. Efficiency
Overall improvement of the efficiency of
energy infrastructure are anticipated from
the deployment of smart grid technology, in
particular including demand-side
management, for example turning off air
conditioners during short-term spikes in
electricity price. The overall effect is less
redundancy in transmission and distribution
lines, and greater utilization of
generators, leading to lower power prices.
8/7/2014 46Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
48. Load adjustment/Load balancing
The total load connected to the power grid can vary
significantly over time.
Although the total load is the sum of many
individual choices of the clients, the overall load
is not a stable, slow varying, increment of the load if
a popular television program starts and millions of
televisions will draw current instantly.
Traditionally, to respond to a rapid increase in power
consumption, faster than the start-up time of a large
generator, some spare generators are put on a
dissipative standby mode.
A smart grid may warn all individual through
television sets, or another larger customer, to
reduce the load temporarily
8/7/2014 48Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
49. Peak curtailment/leveling and
time of use pricing
To reduce demand during the high cost peak usage
periods, communications and metering technologies
inform smart devices in the home and business when
energy demand is high and track how much electricity is
used and when it is used.
It also gives utility companies the ability to reduce
consumption by communicating to devices directly in
order to prevent system overloads.
Examples would be a utility reducing the usage of a
group of electric vehicle charging stations or shifting
temperature set points of air conditioners in a city.
To motivate them to cut back use and perform what is
called peak curtailment or peak leveling, prices of
electricity are increased during high demand periods, and
decreased during low demand periods.[
8/7/2014 49Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
50. Sustainability
The improved flexibility of the smart grid permits greater
penetration of highly variable renewable energy sources
such as solar power and wind power, even without the
addition of energy storage.
Current network infrastructure is not built to allow for many
distributed feed-in points, and typically even if some feed-
in is allowed at the local (distribution) level, the
transmission-level infrastructure cannot accommodate it.
Rapid fluctuations in distributed generation, such as due to
cloudy or gusty weather, present significant challenges to
power engineers who need to ensure stable power levels
through varying the output of the more controllable
generators such as gas turbines and hydroelectric
generators.
Smart grid technology is a necessary condition for very
large amounts of renewable electricity on the grid for this
reason
8/7/2014 50Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
51. Market-enabling
The smart grid allows for systematic communication
between suppliers (their energy price) and consumers
(their willingness-to-pay), and permits both the suppliers
and the consumers to be more flexible and sophisticated
in their operational strategies.
Only the critical loads will need to pay the peak
energy prices, and consumers will be able to be more
strategic in when they use energy.
Generators with greater flexibility will be able to sell
energy strategically for maximum profit, whereas
inflexible generators such as base-load steam
turbines and wind turbines will receive a varying tariff
based on the level of demand and the status of the
other generators currently operation
8/7/2014 51Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
52. Demand response support
Demand response support allows
generators and loads to interact in an
automated fashion in real time,
coordinating demand to flatten spikes.
Eliminating the fraction of demand that
occurs in these spikes eliminates the
cost of adding reserve generators,
cuts wear and tear and extends the life
of equipment, and allows users to cut
their energy bills by telling low priority
devices to use energy only when it is
cheapest.
8/7/2014 52Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
53. Platform for advanced services
As with other industries, use of robust two-
way communications, advanced sensors,
and distributed computing technology will
improve the efficiency, reliability and
safety of power delivery and use.
It also opens up the potential for
improvements on existing ones, such
as fire monitoring and alarms that can
shut off power, make phone calls to
emergency services, etc.
8/7/2014 53Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
54. Technology required for
Integrated communications
Sensing and measurement
Smart meters
A smart grid replaces analog mechanical
meters with digital meters that record
usage in real time
Phasor measurement units(PMU) High
speed sensors called PMUs distributed
throughout a transmission network can be
used to monitor the state of the electric
system.
8/7/2014 54Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
55. Advanced components
Innovations in
superconductivity, fault tolerance,
storage, power electronics, and
diagnostics components are changing
fundamental abilities and characteristics
of grids.
Technologies within these broad R&D
categories include: flexible alternating
current transmission system devices
8/7/2014 55Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
56. Distributed power flow control
Power flow control devices clamp onto existing
transmission lines to control the flow of power within.
Transmission lines enabled with such devices support
greater use of renewable energy by providing more
consistent,
Smart power generation using advanced components
Smart power generation is a concept of
matching electricity production with demand using
multiple identical generators which can start, stop and
operate efficiently at chosen load, independently of the
others, making them suitable for base
load and peaking power generation.
Matching supply and demand, called load balancing, is
essential for a stable and reliable supply of electricity
8/7/2014 56Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
57. Advanced control
Power system automation enables rapid
diagnosis of and precise solutions to specific
grid disruptions or outages. These
technologies rely on and contribute to each of
the other four key areas.
Three technology categories for advanced
control methods are: distributed intelligent
agents (control systems), analytical tools
(software algorithms and high-speed
computers),
Operational applications (SCADA –
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
substation automation, demand response, etc.
8/7/2014 57Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
58. Improved interfaces and decision
support
Information systems that reduce complexity
so that operators and managers have tools
to effectively and efficiently operate a grid
with an increasing number of variables.
Technologies include visualization
techniques that reduce large quantities
of data into easily understood visual
formats, software systems that provide
multiple options when systems operator
actions are required, and simulators for
operational training and “what-if”
analysis.
8/7/2014 58Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
64. 1.5 billion houses have no
electricity
Since most of the world has taken
electric lights, air conditioning,
ubiquitous power outlets and so on for
granted for several generations,
Cannot forget that more than 1.5 billion
people on the planet—about one person
in five — still live without electricity.
8/7/2014 64Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
65. Can we connect them to grid?
Bringing them into even the twentieth
century, has remained a daunting
challenge for many reasons, not the least
of which involves the expense of
connecting the mostly rural areas where
most of those without power happen to live
to central grids.
Creating a reliable nationwide grid is a
formidable engineering challenge even in
some of the world's richest countries, and
is currently out of reach for too many still-
developing nations.
8/7/2014 65Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
66. Can we have simpler grids?
But rather than connecting everyone to
a single big grid,
Why not set up a smaller network of
smaller ones, each one served by some
local power source, ideally a renewable
and non-polluting one like solar, whose
costs are rapidly declining?
8/7/2014 66Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
67. What is a microgrid?
8/7/2014 67Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
70. Solar powered Microgrid
This idea is taking root all over the world, and
in developing countries, where prototype
"solar-powered microgrids" are being
developed.
One of these provides enough electricity
for the 200 people in the tiny village of
Tanjung Batu Laut, located on an isolated
island off the coast of Borneo.
This grid, an experiment that is being closely
watched by development experts around the
world, was developed by Optimal Power
Solutions of Australia
8/7/2014 70Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
71. Popular in other places also
Microgrids are also gaining in popularity in
advanced countries.
They are viewed as a source of standby
power in the event of natural disasters, like
Japan's 2011 Fukushima earthquake or the
U.S. east coast's Hurricane Sandy in 2012.
The Sendai microgrid, located on the campus
of Tohoku Fukushi University in Japan, had
been built as a prototype in 2004, but received
global attention when it continued to provide
electricity to the campus after the 2011
earthquake, even as much of the surrounding
area remained powerless.
8/7/2014 71Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
72. Essential services
For institutions like hospitals that must remain open
24/7 no matter what, emergency power has long
been available in the form of standby diesel
generators that kick on in the event of blackouts.
But now, many of these facilities are designing other
kinds of backup systems that have lower carbon
footprints.
There are several new emergency-power generator
at the regional hospital in Toronto fuelled by natural
gas, now in abundant supply.
While these are not full-fledged micro-grids, they
nonetheless take advantage of many of the
technology breakthroughs that are allowing larger
micro-grids in several sites.
8/7/2014 72Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
73. Trend to micro-grids
It is estimated that there are currently close to five hundred
microgrid projects worldwide.
Revenue from them is expected to reach $8.4 billion this
year, and to increase fivefold by 2020.
Also helping microgrid development is the continued
improvement of the economics of carbon-based energy
sources.
Petroleum companies, for example, are moving to a set of
new technologies and practices collectively known as
"enhanced oil recovery" that allow them to extract more
petroleum from existing wells, thereby reducing extraction
costs.
Traditional techniques can tap a reserve for between 20%
and 40% of its capacity, while advanced techniques have
the potential to move those numbers to between 30% and
60%. When added to a mix that includes microgrids, the
outlook for bringing more electricity to the world's
population continues to brighten.
8/7/2014 73Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
74. Other forms of energy
Hydrogen operated fuel cells,
Micro-generators using kinetic energy,
and other innovative power sources are
options for
allternative future energy generation.
Unlike traditional batteries that run
down, fuel cells can provide
continuous energy through
thermodynamically closed systems
8/7/2014 74Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
75. Deserts can be used
Deserts in future could help in meeting
the world's energy needs as they are
good sources of crude oil.
Because deserts tend to be uninhabited,
dangerous waste disposal may not
create problems
8/7/2014 75Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
76. Floating Nuclear plants
In the newest energy partnership
between Russia and China, the
countries may soon join forces to initiate
the development of six nuclear power
plants before the end of the decade.
But these new facilities won’t just be
your run of the mill nuclear power
stations — instead, they will be floating
versions that are stationed in bodies of
water.
8/7/2014 76Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
77. Replacing Diesel with Gas
The generally accepted climate benefit of
natural gas is that it emits about half as much
CO2 as coal per kilowatt-hour generated.
But this measure of climate impact applies
only to combustion, it does not include
methane leaks, which can dramatically alter
the equation.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that
forces about 80 times more global warming
than carbon dioxide in its first 20 years in the
atmosphere. Methane’s warming power
declines to roughly 30 times CO2 after about
100 years.
8/7/2014 77Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
78. Better energy storage methods
New batteries developed using
nanotechnology can store more energy
for longer time
Super capacitors for better storage of
power are on the way.
8/7/2014 78Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
79. Electric hybrid vehicles
While solar-power electric hybrid vehicles
are a proven success story on the roads,
the time is ripe for the appearance of solar-
electric watercraft.
Already many are available in the market.
Hybrid vehicles solar-electric powered
and can seat eight passengers are
being made.
Plans for a bigger boat solar-electric type
are also on the anvil.
8/7/2014 79Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
80. Flying Wind Farms: Future Power
Harvesters
How would you like swarms of kite-like
airborne turbines spinning at high altitudes
sending power down via nano-tube cable
tethers to generate power for your
community?
This could very well be a true picture of
future power harvesters according
to NASA.
A federal fund of $100,000 is being
reserved for exploring these high-altitude,
nano-tube cable tethered, above-ground
wind farms.
8/7/2014 80Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
81. Hydrogen Generation & Storage
Made Easy with Nano-Technology
Fuels like gasoline, based on hydrocarbon,
create pollution and carbon footprint.
Hydrogen has been claimed to be a good
alternative to replace fossil fuel since the
1970s.
But hydrogen's potential has not been
realized even partially mainly because of
storage and commercial production
difficulties.
Recently, breakthrough research has been
successful in creating a new method for
storing hydrogen.
8/7/2014 81Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
82. Common Algae for Biofuel
Butanol Production
There have been various methods tried for
reducing fossil fuel dependency and
containing carbon footprints for a healthier
and more eco-friendly future.
Corn-produced ethanol has been used for
mixing with gasoline but there have been
side effects like corrosion from ethanol.
Also huge tracts of precious farmlands
need to be diverted for corn production.
But now new research has thrown up
results that show common algae can be
used for biofuel production
8/7/2014 82Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
83. MiraQua: A Tiny Miracle
Today there seems to be more and more and yet
more vehicles on the road than ever.
Everybody wants to have their own transport and a
smaller car with least carbon emission seems to be
an ideal solution for this inexhaustible number of
cars that seem to be coming up.
Tiny cars electrically driven but looking unique in
design and performance may be the ideal solution,
according to Chaoyi Li, designer of the MiraQua car.
Though he designed this as a solution for Australia
and China's excessive traffic congestion, this car can
become popular all over.
8/7/2014 83Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
84. Microbes in Bio-Fuel Production
Currently biofuel is produced from plants as
well as microbes.
The oils, carbohydrates or fats generated by
the microbes or plants are refined to produce
biofuel.
This is a green and renewable energy that
helps in conserving fossil-fuel usage. But a
new research has led to a new discovery of
getting the microbes to produce fuel from the
proteins instead of utilizing the protein for its
own growth.
The research is being done at several
universities in USA
8/7/2014 84Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
85. Laser ‘Scribing’ to Increase Solar
Cell Efficiency
Dedicated research work going on for
increasing the efficiency of solar cells,
today solar cells are no longer flat shaped
or unyielding.
Ultra thin film-type solar cells have now
been manufactured which are quite flexible
and adaptable for use in corners,
curvilinear and other structures.
Today almost 20% of global solar power
generation is done by these thin-film
solar cells and expected to grow more
in near future.
8/7/2014 85Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
86. Increasing the Efficiency of Wind
Turbine Blades
To ensure wind turbines that are big in size
work in a better manner, a new kind of air-flow
technology may soon be introduced.
Apart from other aspects, it will focus on
efficiency of blades used in the wind turbines.
The technology will help in increasing the
efficiency of these turbines under various wind
conditions.
This is a significant development in the area
of renewable energy after new wind-turbine
power generation capacity got added to new
coal-fired power generation in 2008
8/7/2014 86Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
87. Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
A team of researchers at the Harvard School of
Engineering and Applied Sciences that is headed
by Sriram Ramanathan is working on
developing fuel cells.
If Ramanathan is to be believed, the solid-oxide fuel
cells the visionary and specialist in the field is
making along with other scientists, will become a
highly sought after technology in days to come.
How will solid-oxide fuel cells be generated? The
solid-oxide fuel cells that are capable of
replacing fossil fuel with pollution less fuel are
generated with the use of the plentiful fuel
resources and low operating temperatures, along
with some material that is of low cost, and some
other small devices.
8/7/2014 87Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
88. What is required in India
A change in the mind set of policy
makers
From large power plants to small &
medium
Smart grid and better management
Integrating micros and macros
Incentives to consumers who lower the
consumption at peak hours.
8/7/2014 88Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
89. New avenues to be explored
Better communication methods
Smarter metering and control
Interconnecting systems
The answer is in :
Better energy generation techniques
Information and Communication
Technology
Nanotechnology etc etc
8/7/2014 89Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
91. THANK YOU AND
WISH YOU WELL
8/7/2014 91Energy and Energy Systems of the Future
92. References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tec
h/home
http://www.alternative-energy-
news.info/technology/future-energy/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/05/det
ermining_0_n_5651556.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_generat
ion
http://der.lbl.gov/microgrid-concept
8/7/2014 Energy and Energy Systems of the Future 92