Why Use Renewable Energy?
Viable Alternative
Fossil fuel are more expensive
Environmental concerns/Green Technology and sustainability
Multiple/limitless fuel to turn a Renewable Energy Infrastructure like wind, solar and wastes
Increase range of Technologies
Cost effective than its alternative
This document is about the Importance of Energy Storage, how to the energy can be stored and the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Energy storage elements
Thermal energy storage materials and systems for solar energy applicationsSivanjaneya Reddy
How to enhance thermal conductivity for phase change materials and selection of phase change material and about systems for solar energy application has been presented
Basic introduction to solar PV System Presentation.
The need for renewable energy resources has never been bigger than today and so is a lot of research going to match this high energy demand. Solar PV Array technology is one such technique which can actually make the effective use of solar energy available to us.
This document is about the Importance of Energy Storage, how to the energy can be stored and the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Energy storage elements
Thermal energy storage materials and systems for solar energy applicationsSivanjaneya Reddy
How to enhance thermal conductivity for phase change materials and selection of phase change material and about systems for solar energy application has been presented
Basic introduction to solar PV System Presentation.
The need for renewable energy resources has never been bigger than today and so is a lot of research going to match this high energy demand. Solar PV Array technology is one such technique which can actually make the effective use of solar energy available to us.
Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 3 : Central Receiver and Parabolic ...Leonardo ENERGY
Parabolic dishes
* general description
* main elements: parabolic concentrator, structure and tracking system, receiver, stirling engine and generator
* state of the art: types of dish-stirling systems; operational aspects; performance and economy
* future developments
Central receiver systems
* general description
* main elements: heliostat, tower, receiver, power conversion system
* state of the art: technology options; operational aspects; performance and economy
* future developments
This presentation outlines the different storage technology options available to cope up with the intermittent nature of the Renewable energy like wind and solar.
Multiple Energy Storage Technologies are being developed & are maturing, Gensol did an analysis of 1635 Energy Storage Projects developed globally to come up with which technology has captured market share.
The presentation also has multiple case studies.
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF RENEWABLE, NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESOURCES OF ENERGY, SOLAR ENERGY, WIND ENERGY, TIDAL ENERGY, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, BIOMASS ENERGY, OCEAN ENERGY , FREE ENERGY, APPLICATIONS OF RENEWABLE
Why PV/T?
A combination of photovoltaic cell and solar thermal collector, hence maximizing space used.
Generate both electricity and heat simultaneously.
More efficient solar collector.
SOLAR ENERGY - The Future Requirement Arjun Martin
A Power Point Presentation on THE SUN, SOLAR ENERGY, IT'S ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, VARIOUS SOLAR MISSIONS, SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTERS and IT'S MECHANISM along with other FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS.....
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
Presentation by Bushveld Energy at the African Solar Energy Forum in Accra, Ghana on 16 October 2019. The presentation covers four topics:
1) Overview of energy storage uses and technologies, including their current states of maturity;
2) Benefits to combining solar PV with storage, especially battery energy storage systems (BESS)
3) Examples from Bushveld’s experience in combining BESS with PV for commercial and industrial customers;
4) Introduction to Bushveld and its approach to BESS projects.
75
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة الخامسة والسبعون من المبادرة مع
الاستاذ الدكتور / عبدالحكيم حسبو
خبير الطاقة الشمسية وتحلية المياه
بعنوان
(التوجهات العالميه في استخدام الطاقة الشمسية
وآفاق استخدامها في الوطن العربي)
الثامنة والنصف مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة
الأربعاء 28 أكتوبر2020
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم
Meeting ID: 865 5608 6229
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZIocu-opj0oGN2-ZhhtesFq-cYJ12sElMn7
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على وقناة يوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 3 : Central Receiver and Parabolic ...Leonardo ENERGY
Parabolic dishes
* general description
* main elements: parabolic concentrator, structure and tracking system, receiver, stirling engine and generator
* state of the art: types of dish-stirling systems; operational aspects; performance and economy
* future developments
Central receiver systems
* general description
* main elements: heliostat, tower, receiver, power conversion system
* state of the art: technology options; operational aspects; performance and economy
* future developments
This presentation outlines the different storage technology options available to cope up with the intermittent nature of the Renewable energy like wind and solar.
Multiple Energy Storage Technologies are being developed & are maturing, Gensol did an analysis of 1635 Energy Storage Projects developed globally to come up with which technology has captured market share.
The presentation also has multiple case studies.
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF RENEWABLE, NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESOURCES OF ENERGY, SOLAR ENERGY, WIND ENERGY, TIDAL ENERGY, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, BIOMASS ENERGY, OCEAN ENERGY , FREE ENERGY, APPLICATIONS OF RENEWABLE
Why PV/T?
A combination of photovoltaic cell and solar thermal collector, hence maximizing space used.
Generate both electricity and heat simultaneously.
More efficient solar collector.
SOLAR ENERGY - The Future Requirement Arjun Martin
A Power Point Presentation on THE SUN, SOLAR ENERGY, IT'S ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, VARIOUS SOLAR MISSIONS, SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTERS and IT'S MECHANISM along with other FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS.....
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
Presentation by Bushveld Energy at the African Solar Energy Forum in Accra, Ghana on 16 October 2019. The presentation covers four topics:
1) Overview of energy storage uses and technologies, including their current states of maturity;
2) Benefits to combining solar PV with storage, especially battery energy storage systems (BESS)
3) Examples from Bushveld’s experience in combining BESS with PV for commercial and industrial customers;
4) Introduction to Bushveld and its approach to BESS projects.
75
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة الخامسة والسبعون من المبادرة مع
الاستاذ الدكتور / عبدالحكيم حسبو
خبير الطاقة الشمسية وتحلية المياه
بعنوان
(التوجهات العالميه في استخدام الطاقة الشمسية
وآفاق استخدامها في الوطن العربي)
الثامنة والنصف مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة
الأربعاء 28 أكتوبر2020
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم
Meeting ID: 865 5608 6229
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZIocu-opj0oGN2-ZhhtesFq-cYJ12sElMn7
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على وقناة يوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة تيليجرام
الرابط
https://t.me/EEAKSA
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
GRAPHENE WILL BECOME THE GAME CHANGER - it is a thinnest and strongest material ever tested and high efficient capacity to overcome in all fields especially in biomedical and energy storage applications.
It is just a name for utilizing fast-growing trees, sugar cane, crop residue etc. for use in small power generation schemes. cogeneration using bagasse, power from biomass as fuel and biomass gasifier systems are together classified as dendro power.
Fuel Cells are becoming the preferred alternate energy but unless the constraints are understood and dealt with it will not be adopted at the rate it should
Making Indian Engineering World class - Theme talk on Engineer's day 2014Prof. Mohandas K P
This is the ppt on a talk given on the theme " Making Indian Engineering World class" on Engineer's day for Institution of Engineers Kozhikode Local centre on 22nd Sept . Presents points from the theme circulated and my ideas views on how Indian engineers who are inferior to none in the world can do well in our own country.
The Opportunity of Using Wind to Generate Power as a Renewable Energy:"Case o...IJERA Editor
The demand ofsustainable energy is increased daily by expanding our cities and creating new cities and suburbswith huge towers besides increasing in population,moreover the environment and human life is threatening by the pollutions resulted from energy generation. For this reason the researchersattracted todevelop renewable energy and explore its large benefits and unit capacity. Wind power is one of the clean renewable energy resources.Therefore the importance of implementing this resource in Kuwait draws our attention to make this research to emphasis on the technical and economic aspects due to acceptable environmental conditions. Whereas, in some areas of the world, such as in Japan, has some geographical and electrical restrictions such as power fluctuating for land wind generation. And the introductionof large amount of wind power generation tends to be extremely difficult and even impossible in some location. This research is aimed to concentrate on the visibility of utilizing the wind energy as complementary source for the existing steam and gas turbine power stations in Kuwait, furthermore point out the economical perspectives that will guide us to take the right decision. The location of wind farms is very important in this aspect where we cannot build such projects inside the cities between buildings besides meeting the minimum requirements for economic generation. The study prove to us that even at a location which is almost close to the inhabitants buildings ( Kuwait airport ) can get accepted results the historical data was collected from the weather station at internet. The implementation of wind turbine farms is foreseen to be economic in generation for long run and encouragestepping up toward putting the infrastructure design. Furthermoreit is an opportunity for creating new job vacancies.
Cal Marine Power & Water "straw" scam presentationFingerPointer
This document was created to entice investors into a snare - the words Nigerian Scam ring a bell - Investors Beware it screams....scam, fraud all come to mind....
Search for John Cutten Fraudster....
Anil_Chalamalasetty_New_India_New_Energy_The_India_Dialog_2024.pdfDr. Amit Kapoor
Presentation done by Anil Chalamalasetty, Founder, Group CEO and MD, Greenko Group on "New Energy for New India" at #TheIndiaDialog on March 1, 2024 at Stanford University. The #TheIndiaDialog was organised by Institute for Competitiveness and US Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University.
#TheIndiaDialog looks at inviting the world’s leading experts and intellectuals in the areas of economics, business, policy, social development, science, technology, art and culture to provide their perspectives and foster an understanding of India. There would be a series of keynote addresses, panel discussions, and fireside chats during the dialog.
The need for expanded nuclear energy is urgent. Global energy demand is expected to grow by at least 50% by 2035, with electric demand in the developing world expected to triple.
Presently, more than one billion people completely lack electricity access and billions more consume one tenth or less of the electricity per capita consumed in the OECD. Much of that supply is intermittent.
At the same time, 81% of the world’s energy, and two thirds of the world’s electricity, is derived from fossil fuels, while emissions from fossil fuel combustion are a major factor driving global climate change.
Il World Energy Focus, nuovo mensile online della WEC's community, una e-publication gratuita per essere sempre aggiornato sugli sviluppi del settore energetico. Il World Energy Focus contiene news, interviste esclusive e uno spazio dedicato agli eventi promossi dai singoli Comitati Nazionali.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. Viable Alternative
Fossil fuel are more expensive
Environmental concerns/GreenTechnology and sustainability
Multiple/limitless fuel to turn a Renewable Energy Infrastructure like wind, solar and wastes
Increase range ofTechnologies
Cost effective than its alternative
A successful renewable energy project is a one that
Links energy with social Impacts
Meets needs
Use appropriate and proven technology that will effectively us alternative energy source at the same time reduces and
eliminate carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases
Is reliable and sustainable
Is economically viable
Why use Renewable Energy?
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3. Issues in the management &
development of Renewable Energy
Projects
THE POLICY ISSUES
Feed-in-tariff requirement
Bias towards fossil fuels
TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
Lack of inventions
Requirement of ProvenTechnologies
Compliance under international
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4. Renewable energy sources/potential
Renewables can also replace fossil fuels
The country possesses renewables
energy sources in abundance the
potential capacity is estimated to be
126,000MW(2006) with an projected
175, 000GW projected for (2030).
largest source (79,000 MW) including
ocean, thermal and tidal/wave power
Major renewable energy sources of
interest to us are biogas, improved
cooking stoves, biomass, solar energy,
wind energy, small hydro power, energy
recovery from wastes and other new
and emerging technologies.
5. Renewable energy sources/potential
Indian renewable energy
programme (IREP)
India has the largest decentralized
solar energy programme
Second largest biogas and improved
stove programme
Fourth largest wind power
programme in the world
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6. Renewable Energy
• Data in the table predicts that while
several technologies have made
considerable progress, the
achievements as compared to
potential are still very small.
• Although considerable experience
and capabilities exist on renewable
electricity technologies including
the development of indigenous
biomass gasifier technology and
manufacturing base for wind power
and solar photovoltaic, a number of
barriers still remain to be overcome.
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7. Current & Future Renewable Energy Potential of
India in Her Quest to Combat GHGs Emission
India is one of the few countries on
its way to meet its Nationally
Determined Commitments stated in
the Paris Agreement in 2015
India is committed to achieving
175GW by 2022.
India further commits to increase its
renewable energy capacity to
450GW.
Achieving 450 GW of renewable
energy capacity would be more than
five times the country’s current
renewable capacity at around 81 GW
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8. Wind Energy Potential
Wind energy
is one of the fastest growing renewable
resources in terms of installed capacity
India has the second-highest wind capacity
in Asia and fouth-highest globally, with a
total capacity of 35 GW, next to
Germany(59.3), US(96.4) and China(221).
The country has the third- and fourth-largest
onshore wind farms in the world -- the 1,500-
MW Muppandal wind farm inTamil Nadu and
the 1,064-MW JaisalmerWind Park in
Rajasthan.
Biomass power : cogeneration and
gasifiers
Biomass is potentially the world's largest and
most sustainable energy source. Biomass is and
will remain central to any strategy for
determining a rural energy solution.
In a country like India, biomass holds considerable
promise as 540 million tons of crop and plantation
residues are produced every year, a large portion
of which is either wasted, or used inefficiently.
3rd largest potential at 10.2GW, next to the
US(16.2) and China (17.8)
Bio-ethanol and bio-diesel are now produced
which can be used to fuel transport sector
Cogeneration technology, with socio-economic
benefits to produce both process heat and
electricity, based on multiple and sequential use
of a fuel for generation of steam and power, aims
at surplus power generation in process industries
such as sugar mills, paper mills, rice mills and
wastes like rice husk, coconut, wood and
agriculture waste.
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9. Biomass Power: Cogeneration & Gasification
Since biomass fuels have high
nitrogen content, control of NOx
would also need to be addressed.
It have been estimated that around
one-third the land area of the
country or around 10,000,000 ha is
waste-lands, which can be put to use
in a major way for energy crop
plantations to combat Global
Warming.
Biofuel, whose characteristics can
be made more or less to resemble
diesel with transesterification, is a
promising alternate fuel.
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10. Hydro Power
India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric
potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-
potential on global scenario. As per assessment made
by CEA, India is endowed with economically exploitable
hydro-power potential to the tune of 1 48 700 MW of
installed capacity.
In addition, 56 number of pumped storage projects
have also been identified with probable installed
capacity of 94 000 MW. In addition to this, hydro-
potential from small, mini & micro schemes has been
estimated as 6 782 MW from 1 512 sites.Thus, in totality
, India is endowed with hydro-potential of about 2 50
000 MW
11. Small Hydro Power
The total installed capacity of India is 36878 MW
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12. State-wise details of the potential and
installed/under installation projects
• SHP projects installed in Private
Sector
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13. Solar Photovoltaic Energy Potential
Solar power in India is a fast developing
industry.
The country's solar installed capacity reached
34.404 GW as of 29 February 2020.
India has the lowest capital cost per MW
globally to install solar power plants
With about 300 clear and sunny days in a
year, the calculated solar energy incidence on
India's land area is about 5000
trillion kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year (or
5 EWh/yr)
The solar energy available in a single year
exceeds the possible energy output of all of
the fossil fuel energy reserves in India
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16. Geothermal Potential
• The best geothermal fields are located
within well-defined belts of geologic
activity.
• The estimated potential for geothermal
energy in India is about 10000 MW
• Low–medium temperature geothermal
resources exist at seven geothermal
provinces in India in the form of 400
thermal springs with surface temperatures
varying from 47 – 98°C (2006)
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17. Ocean Energy
Ocean can produce two types of
energy: thermal energy from the sun's heat,
and mechanical energy from the tides and
waves.The fact that the marine renewable
sector is less well developed than other
energy industries presents companies with
both opportunities and challenges
A way of converting the energy of tides into
electric power. A tidal barrage works in a
similar way to that of a hydroelectric scheme,
except that the dam is much bigger and
spans a river estuary.
The identified economic tidal power
potential in India is of the order of 8000-9000
MW with about 7000 MW in the Gulf of
Cambay about 1200 MW in the Gulf of
Kachchh and less than 100 MW in
Sundarbans.
Company Class Technology Country Year Stage
Aqua Marine
Power
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
UK 2007 Prototype
Verdant
Power
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
US 2000 Commercial
Marine
Current
Turbines
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
UK 2000 Commercial
SMD
Hydrovision
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
UK 2003 Prototype
Open-Hydro Tidal
Open Center
Turbine
Ireland 2006
Pre-
Commercial
Hammerfest
Strom
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
Norway 2007 Pilot
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18. Tidal Barriers: Problems Faced in ExploitingTidal
Energy
• Intermittent supply - Cost and environmental
problems, particularly barrage systems are
less attractive than some other forms of
renewable energy. Global estimates put the
price of generation at 13-15 cents/kWh (no
Indian estimates available)
• Cost -The disadvantages of using tidal and
wave energy must be considered before
jumping to conclusion that this renewable,
clean resource is the answer to all our
problems.The main detriment is the cost of
those plants.
• Only provides power for around 10 hours
each day, when the tide is actually moving in
or out.
• Present designs do not produce a lot of electricity,
and barrages across river estuaries can change the
flow of water and, consequently, the habitat for
birds and other wildlife
• Expensive to construct
• Power is often generated when there is little
demand for electricity
• Limited construction locations
• Barrages may block outlets to open water.
Although locks can be installed, this is often a
slow and expensive process.
• Barrages affect fish migration and other wildlife-
many fish like salmon swim up to the barrages
and are killed by the spinning turbines.
• Fish ladders may be used to allow passage for the
fish, but these are never 100% effective.
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19. Wave power
Ocean wave energy is captured directly
from surface waves or from pressure
fluctuations below the surface.Wave power
systems convert the motion of the waves
into usable mechanical energy which in
lump can be used to generate electricity.
The potential along the 6000 Km of coast is
about 40,000 MW
Primary estimates indicate that the annual
wave energy potential along the Indian
coast is between 5 MW to 15 MW per
meter, thus a theoretical potential for a
coast line of nearly 6000 KW works out to
40000-60000 MW approximately. However,
the realistic and economical potential is
likely to be considerably less.
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20. Climate change mitigation initiatives
Three major advantages of renewable energy resources are:
Firstly, these powers will never run out.
Secondly, these reduce dependence on current power sources.
Most importantly, they put extra burden on environment by reducing Carbon dioxide
emissions.
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