This document summarizes endoscopic parathyroid surgery. It discusses the history and discovery of the parathyroid glands and developments in parathyroid surgery techniques. Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy has equivalent outcomes to open surgery but offers benefits like less pain and better cosmetic results. Preoperative localization using imaging like sestamibi scans and ultrasound is important to select candidates for minimally invasive approaches.