The periodontium and pulp are two most important entities of the tooth, infection from one can travel towards other by different pathways. Neglect of either one can lead to failure. This presentation will help you learn clear steps towards diagnosis and treatment planning of such lesions
A detailed description about endo perio interrelationship, including introduction, development and etiology, historical aspects, definition, classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management, special consideration in management,controversies prognosis, conclusion.
The periodontal examination should be systematic, starting in the molar region in either maxilla or mandible and proceeding around the arch. It is important to detect the earliest signs of gingival and periodontal disease.
The periodontium and pulp are two most important entities of the tooth, infection from one can travel towards other by different pathways. Neglect of either one can lead to failure. This presentation will help you learn clear steps towards diagnosis and treatment planning of such lesions
A detailed description about endo perio interrelationship, including introduction, development and etiology, historical aspects, definition, classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management, special consideration in management,controversies prognosis, conclusion.
The periodontal examination should be systematic, starting in the molar region in either maxilla or mandible and proceeding around the arch. It is important to detect the earliest signs of gingival and periodontal disease.
Necrotising periodontal diseases, Necrotising periodontal diseases as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
By Dr. Ritam Kundu, MDS PGT, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India.
Systemic Peridoontology, link between systemic health and periodontology, diabetes and periodontology, Pregnancy and Peridotology,Nutrition and periodontology
In periodontology, classifications are widely used to categorize defects due to periodontitis according to their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Several classifications have been proposed in the literature in order to facilitate the diagnosis of gingival recessions.
Necrotising periodontal diseases, Necrotising periodontal diseases as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
By Dr. Ritam Kundu, MDS PGT, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India.
Systemic Peridoontology, link between systemic health and periodontology, diabetes and periodontology, Pregnancy and Peridotology,Nutrition and periodontology
In periodontology, classifications are widely used to categorize defects due to periodontitis according to their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Several classifications have been proposed in the literature in order to facilitate the diagnosis of gingival recessions.
Introduction
Portals of entry to the pulp
Concepts of infection
Focus of infection
Zones of Fish
Kronfeld’s mountain pass theory
Older v/s Newer Concepts in endodontics
Endodontics: When to do and When not to do?
Vital pulp therapy
Rationale of Pulpotomy
Vital pulp therapy over root canal therapy
Root canal therapy over vital pulp therapy
Rationale of Apexification
Conclusion
References
Periodontitis is a chronic, slowly progressing disease which mainly results in the destruction of tooth supporting apparatus. Earlier it was classified as Chronic and Aggressive periodontitis with different clinical features and etiology. Current classification ( 2017) of periodontal disease involves periodontitis with is further divided into 4 stages and 3 grades depending on severity and rate of disease progression respectively. Diabetes meelitus and smoking are the validated risk factors for the progression of periodontitis.
The potentiality of dental professional/ endodontists to carry out routine procedures successfully relies chiefly on the adequacy of local anaesthesia achieved. However, local anaesthetics (including lidocaine, the most commonly used local anaesthetic) have a tendency to cause pain on mucosal infiltration, which adds to patient anxiety during procedures.1 In fact, investigators have reported a more painful skin and subcutaneous infiltration with an epinephrine-containing lidocaine.2
The most probable mechanism of this pain is attributed to the reduced pH of an epinephrine-containing lidocaine compared to a plain lidocaine solution. A weakly basic amide, lidocaine being unstable at pH of 7.9, is made in acidic preparations to to enhance the solubility and prolong shelf life. Moreover, epinephrine is added to lidocaine to extend the half-life of the anesthetic, lessen toxicity, and provide hemostasis. Because epinephrine is only stable for lengthy phases in an acidic environment, the pH of commercially available premixed lidocaine with epinephrine is lower than that of plain lidocaine (pH 3.3-5.5) and the acidity can give rise to tissue irritation which may be felt by patients as a stinging or burning pain. 3,4
Based on the attributed mechanism, most common method for buffering is the alkalinisation of the lidocaine with sodium bicarbonate just before injection. Buffering with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 8.4%in a 10:1 or 9:1 ratio (10 or 9 parts lidocaine-epinephrine 1% containing 5 microgram/ml to 1 part sodium bicarbonate containing 8.4g/l) more closely matches the neutral pH (around 7.4) in human tissues and has been demonstrated to cause less CDJIpain than unbuffered lidocaine.1, 5-13
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), also known as body dysmorphia, body dysmorphia disorder and BDD disorder, is a mental health condition in which people suffer acute distress in response to perceived physical flaws.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
2. C O N T E N T S
Introduction
Terminologies
Pulp-periodontal
relationship
Embryological Basis
History
Pathways of
Communication
Physiological
Pathological
Iatrogenic
Etiological Factors
Etiopathogenesis
Effect of Pulp on
Periodontium
Effect of Periodontium
on Pulp
Differential Diagnosis
Classification
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Case Reports
Conclusion
References
2
9. 1919
• Turner and
Drew:
First described
effect of
periodontal
disease on pulp.
1964
• Simring and
Goldberg:
Relationship
between
periodontium and
pulp first
discovered
1972
• Simon:
Classification
based on etiology,
diagnosis,
treatment and
prognosis
1982
• Weine:
Based on clinical
presentation
strategies for each
10. 1988
• Stock:
modified Simon’s
classification lesions
was not necessary.
1991
• Grossman:
Classified based on
treatment plan
1999
• World Workshop for
Classification
Periodontal
Diseases
11. 2001
• von Arx T,
• Cochran DL.
2011
• Preetinder Singh
Similar; added the
term iatrogenic
lesions
2014
• Al-Fouzan:
New classification,
based on primary
disease and its
secondary effect
13. 13
• Apical foramen, accessory canals/lateral canals
• Congenital absence of cementum exposing dentinal tubules
• Developmental grooves
Pathways of developmental origin (anatomical pathways):
• Empty spaces on root created by Sharpey's fibers
• Root fracture following trauma
• Idiopathic root resorption - internal and external
• Loss of cementum due to external irritants.
Pathways of pathological origin:
• Exposure of dentinal tubules following root planning
• Accidental lateral root perforation during endodontic procedures
• Root fractures during endodontic procedures.
Pathways of iatrogenic origin
Shenoy N, Shenoy A. Endo-perio lesions: Diagnosis and clinical considerations. Indian J Dent Res 2010;21:579-85.
46. 46
Technical Procedures
Scaling and Root Planing
Acid Etching
Gold S, Hasselgren G. Peripheral inflammatory root resorption: A review of literature with case reports. J Clin Periodontol 1992;19:523-34.
Adriaens PA, De Boever JA, Loesche WJ. Bacterial invasion of root cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased teeth in humans: A reservoir of periodontopathic bacteria. J Periodontol
1988;59:222-30.
Cotton WR, Siegel RL. Human pulpal response to citric acid cavity cleanser. J Am Dent Assoc 1978;96:639-44.
49. 49
Type 1 -Primary endodontic lesions
Type 2- Primary periodontal lesions
Type 3- Primary endodontic lesions with
secondary periodontal involvement.
Type 4 -Primary periodontal lesions with
secondary endodontic involvement.
Type 5- True combined lesions
76. 77
Class 1 Pulpal lesions with secondary periodontal disease of short duration
Class 2 Pulpal lesions with secondary periodontal disease of long duration
Class 3 Periodontal lesions of short duration with secondary pulpal disease
Class 4 Periodontal lesions of long duration with secondary pulpal disease
Class 5 Periodontal lesion treated by hemisection or root amputation
Class 6 Complete and incomplete crown-root fractures
Class 7 Independent pulpal and periodontal lesions which merge into a combined
lesion
Class 8 Pulpal lesions which evolve into periodontal lesions following treatment
Class 9 Periodontal lesions that evolve into pulpal lesions following treatment
78. 79
Class 1 Tooth in which symptoms clinically and radiographically
simulate periodontal disease but are in fact due to pulpal inflammation
and/or necrosis
Class 2 Tooth that has both pulpal or periapical disease and
periodontal disease concomitantly.
Class 3 Tooth that has no pulpal problem but requires endodontic
therapy plus root amputation to gain periodontal healing.
Class 4 Tooth that clinically and radiographically simulates pulpal
or periapical diseases but in fact has periodontal disease.
80. 81
• Class la: Accidental perforations or resorptive perforations
• Class lb: Chronic periradicular lesions (granuloma or cyst) or acute periradicular
lesion
Class l: Primary endodontic lesions
• Class lla: Advanced periodontal disease with or without extension to the apical
area (pulp vital)
• Class llb: Secondary endodontic involvement
• Class llc: Secondary endodontic involvement
Class ll: Primary periodontal lesions
81. Based on the origin of the periodontal pocket
Torabinejad and
Trope 1996
82. 83
1. Endodontic origin
2. Periodontal origin
3. Combined endo- perio lesion
4. Separate endodontic and periodontal lesions
5. Lesions with communication
6. Lesions with no communication
88. 89
Class l: Synchronous endo-perio lesions
Class II: Pulpal lesions with periodontal involvement
Class Ill: Periodontal lesions with pulpal involvement
Class IV: Independent endo-perio lesions
Class V: iatrogenic endo-perio lesions
Class Vl: Advanced endo-perio lesions
Class Vll: lndetinite endo-perio lesions