Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, with 10 million new cases diagnosed worldwide in 2021. India accounts for 24% of the world's multi-drug resistant TB cases. The National Strategic Plan for TB Elimination 2017-2025 in India follows a "Detect-Treat-Prevent-Build" approach. This includes expanding diagnosis through public-private partnerships, treating all active cases and latent infections using standardized drug regimens, preventing new infections through awareness campaigns and infection control, and strengthening health systems to achieve the goal of ending TB in India by 2025. Continued political commitment and community efforts are needed to eliminate this treatable disease.
After the successful NSP 2017-2025,Goi is lauching NSP 2017-2025 for elimination of TB on 24th march( World TB day ) 2017. Module is on MOHFW site but i have try to keep it brief,hope its ll be useful specially for academic and administrative purposes.
Standards for TB care in India, RNTCP challenges: India, Maharashtra & Mumbai...Amol Patil
This presentation contains TB statistics- Global, India, Maharashtra and Mumbai till 2015.
Details of TB control strategies will be covered in Subsequent parts.
After the successful NSP 2017-2025,Goi is lauching NSP 2017-2025 for elimination of TB on 24th march( World TB day ) 2017. Module is on MOHFW site but i have try to keep it brief,hope its ll be useful specially for academic and administrative purposes.
Standards for TB care in India, RNTCP challenges: India, Maharashtra & Mumbai...Amol Patil
This presentation contains TB statistics- Global, India, Maharashtra and Mumbai till 2015.
Details of TB control strategies will be covered in Subsequent parts.
he WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels.
Emerging trends of Drug Resistant TB across India is a definite matter of concern. New innovations and approaches are the need of the hour to tackle the malady.
this presentation is based on national health program in india in relation to tuberculosis and malaria as these are mostly occuring disease in india so national program are organised to irradicate the spread of vector borne disease by various methods like controlling the vector (mosquitos) from spreading
role of community pharmacist in educating and monitoring of patients for infection and counselling and educating them regarding the control of malaria and tb.
WORLD TUBERCULOSIS DAY 2023 AWARENESS.pptxanjalatchi
World TB Day 2023, with the theme 'Yes! We can end TB!', aims to inspire hope and encourage high-level leadership, increased investments, faster uptake of new WHO recommendations, adoption of innovations, accelerated action, and multisectoral collaboration to combat the TB epidemic.
Contagious, infectious and waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, amoebiasis, typhoid, infectious hepatitis, worm infestations, measles, malaria, tuberculosis, whooping cough, respiratory infections, pneumonia and reproductive tract infections dominate the morbidity pattern, especially in rural areas of India. India launched various health project to provide the health services.
“Critical appraisal is a systematic process used to identify the strengths and weakness of a research article in order to assess the usefulness and validity of research findings”
Once upon a time India's health care system was dominated by Ayurveda- the holistic health approach to keep person disease free by adopting healthy life style.
This presentation explained the importance of AYUSH in community settings
Questionnaires is one of the most popular tool of collecting data
They provide a convenient way to gathering information from a target population. A questionnaire is a planned self-reported form designed to elicit information though written or verbal responses of the subjects.
A Research critique is a systematic way of objectively reviewing a piece of research to highlight both its strengths and weaknesses, and its applicability to practice. Professionals often need to be able to identify best current practice, and the ability to evaluate and use published research is critical in achieving the EBP.
Declining sex ratio is a great concern as it create the imbalance in the society which might be irreversible for many more decades. This PPT Presentation highlighted the issue of declined sex ratio and its impact .
Evidence Based Neonatal Care is the practical approach to provide Neonatal care. Neonatal Mortality is the significant indicator to prevent the under Five Mortality.
This presentation is on "healthy India" towards FIT INDIA MOVEMENT . It explain the various aspects for being healthy. This short presentation can be use for the education and awareness purpose.
DR NILIMA SONAWANE
INE, MUMBAI , MAHARASHTRA INDIA
The health care system and the nursing profession is expanding globally , there fore it is important for nurses to know the trends, issues and challenges in new millennium.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
NURSES: A FORCE FOR CHANGE: IMPROVING HEALTH SYSTEMS' RESILIENCE
The nurses plays a key role in health system to achieve the national health goals.They identify the health needs and provide need based care.Community need assessment approach is essential to provide the health services.Community Health Nurses are not only the back bone of health sysytem but they are the heart and hands of health care delivery system.
This presentation is the analysis of current newborn care in India. It focuses on the Hospital birth scenario and Factors contributing to newborn death. It further highlights , how the Midwives can make a difference.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
1. END TB : SAVE LIVES
DR. NILIMA SONAWANE
PhD(N), MPhil, PGDDM, PGDEM, MBA ( Health care Management)
PROFESSOR CUM PRINCIPAL
INSTITUTE OF NURSING EDUCATION, MUMBAI
3. GOLBAL TB BURDEN
• TB is one of the top 10 cause of death worldwide. It is
also the leading killer of people with HIV and a major
cause of deaths related to antimicrobial resistance.
• Estimated 10 million new TB cases diagnosed
worldwide, of which 5.8 million are men, 3.2 million
women and 1 million children.
• People living with HIV accounted for 9% of the total.
4. • Eight countries accounts 66% of the new cases: India, China,
Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and
South Africa.
• +1.6 million people died from TB, including 0.3 million among
people with HIV.
GLOBAL TB BURDEN
5. TB BURDEN IN INDIA
• TB continues to be India's severest health crisis.
• Mortality due to TB is the third leading cause of years of life lost
(YLLs).
• TB kills an estimated 480,000 Indians every year and more than
1,400 every day.
• Approximately 5% of the TB cases have co-morbidity with HIV.
• India accounts for 1,47,000 estimated MDR-RR cases which is
24% of the Global cases.
6. WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious
infectious disease that mainly affects the
lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis
are spread from person to person through
tiny droplets released into the air via
coughs and sneezes.
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a
bacterium called Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
7.
8. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACTIVE TB
•Coughing for three or more
weeks
•Chest pain, or pain with
breathing or coughing
•Coughing up blood or mucus
•Unintentional weight loss
•Fatigue
•Fever
•Night sweats
•Chills
•Loss of appetite
9. INVESTIGATION IN TB
• History
• Clinical Examination
• Mantoux Test or tuberculin test
• X Ray Chest /MRI
• Sputum test
10. MOST COMMON TB DRUGS
DOTS
Directly Observed Treatment Short Course
The most common medications used to treat
tuberculosis include:
•Isoniazid
•Rifampin
•Ethambutol
•Pyrazinamide
11. END TB
• The National TB Programme (NTP) was launched by the
Government of India in 1962
• In 1978, BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccination was shifted
under the Expanded Programme on Immunisation.
• The Government of India revitalized NTP as Revised National TB
Control Programme (RNTCP) in the same year.
• DOTS was officially launched as the RNTCP strategy in 1997 and
by the end of 2005 the entire country was covered under the
programme.
12. • TB was the leading cause of illness and death among
persons living with HIV/AIDS and large number of
multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases were reported
every year.
• Long term vision of a “TB free India”
• National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB 2012-2017 the goal
of ‘universal access to quality TB diagnosis and treatment
for all TB patients in the community’.
END TB
13. ‘National strategic plan for tuberculosis elimination
2017-2025’-
RNTCP has released a ‘National strategic plan for tuberculosis
2017-2025’ (NSP) for the control and elimination of TB in India by
2025. According to the NSP TB elimination have been integrated
into the four strategic pillars of “Detect – Treat – Prevent –
Build” (DTPB).
16. Treat
Fixed dose combinations (FDCs)
For new TB cases
Intensive phase (IP) consists of 8 weeks of
Isoniazid (INH),
Rifampicin,
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Continuation phase(CP) three drug FDCs-
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Ethambutol (HRE) are continued
for 16 weeks.
17. For previously treated cases of TB
Intensive Phase is of 12 weeks, where injection streptomycin is
given for 8 weeks along with four drugs (INH, Rifampicin,
Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol) and after 8 weeks the four drugs
(INH, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol) in daily doses as
per weight bands are continued for another four weeks.
Continuation phase Rifampicin, INH, and Ethambutol are
continued for another 20 weeks as daily doses.
Treat
18. On the basis of the drug susceptibility profile, a standard first-line
treatment regimen (2HRZE/4HR) can be repeated if no resistance is
documented; and if rifampicin resistance is present, shorter regimen
for MDR-TB (multi drug resistant TB) regimen should be prescribed
according to WHO’s recent drug resistant TB treatment guidelines.
RNTCP has introduced Bedaquiline CAP for MDR-TB under
conditional access programme in 2016 across six sites, with a country
wide scale up plan in 2017-2020.
19. Prevent
With the objective to prevent emergence of TB in susceptible
population various measures are indicated as:
Scale up air-borne infection control measures at Health Facilities
Treatment for latent TB infection
Compliance to TB Treatment
Prevent MDR-TB
Address social determinants of TB through inter-sectoral
approach.
20. Social Awareness
Air borne infection control measures
Contact tracing
BCG vaccination
Addressing social determinants of TB
Prevent
21. Build
Health system strengthening for TB control under the National
Strategic Plan 2017-2025 is recommended in the form of building
and strengthening enabling policies, empowering institutions and
human resources with enhanced capacities.
22. Conclusion
• The global public health and TB community is shifting its focus from
control of the TB epidemic towards elimination.
• India has committed to END TB and is at a critical stage with the
national momentum expected to accelerate after the increased
political commitment and heightened community awareness about
public health and hygiene and the threat of communicable disease
following the COVID-19 pandemic.
