The document discusses the definition and components of emotions. It defines emotion as an acute disturbance involving behavior, conscious experience, and visceral functioning. Emotions have four main components: subjective feelings, emotional expression through facial expressions, vocal tones, and body language, physiological changes in the body regulated by the autonomic nervous system, and conscious experiences of these feelings. Theories of emotion discussed include James-Lange theory, Cannon-Bard theory, and Schachter-Singer theory.

2. The word ‘emotion ,is derived from Latin word
‘emovere’ means ‘to stir up’ or ‘to excite’.
Definitions:-
1. Emotion is an acute disturbance of the organism
,as a whole psychological in origin involving
behaviour , conscious experience and visceral
functioning.
(P T Young)
2. Emotion is a mental & physiological state arises
spontaneously rather than through conscious
effort associated with a wide variety of
feelings,thoughts & behaviours.
(Kleinginna )

3. Emotion makes life pleasurable as well as
miserable.
Feeling:-Feeling is defined as pleasant or
unpleasant experience associated with an
idea.
Mood:-It is pleasant or unpleasant
experience associated with a real or
imaginary idea ,place or a situation.
Affect is the objective feeling as observed
by the examiner/expert.

4. COMPONENTS OF EMOTION:-
Dennis coon described 4 components of
emotion:-
1. Subjective feeling
2. Emotional expression
3. Physiological changes
4. Conscious experience

5. 1. Subjective feeling:-
• It is conscious & an intellectual perception
of a situation .
• Subjective feelings are what you believe &
what you are feeling.
• Emotional feelings are experienced before
expression.
2. Emotional expression:-
There are 3 ways in which expression can be
expressed.
•Facial
•Vocal
•Bodily movements/gestures

7. Facial:-Face is believed to be the most expressive part
of the body.Some emotions like guilt ,joy,anger etc
can be perceived accurately through facial expression.
Vocal:-
Voice also tells us about an emotional state of an
individual.
A scream communicates fear ,surprise or pain.
A trembling voice means sorrow
A loud,sharp,high-pitched voice means anger
A slow monotonous voice means sadness.
Bodily movements:-
Bodily movements & gestures also indicate the
emotional state of an individual.

8. 3.Physiological changes:-
•Physiological changes takes place during the
emotional state are caused mainly by the
autonomic nervous system.
•The autonomic nervous system has 2
subdivisions:-sympathetic & parasympathetic
division.

9. The sympathetic division prepares the body for
emergency action during aroused state by
discharging hormones ,which are responsible for
following physical changes:-
Increased BP& heart rate
Changes in rate of respiration
Dilation of pupils
Decreased secretion of saliva
Sweating
Increased blood sugar level
Erect hair on the skin
Muscular tension & tremors

10. When a period of intense emotion ends,the
physiological changes produced by the
parasympathetic nervous system are as follows:-
•Reduces heart rate & BP
•It regulates salt and water level of the body
•It helps to build up & conserve the body’s energy
4-conscious experience:-
An emotion is not only a pattern of bodily changes ,
but also an experience.
Emotional experience is generally a conscious
feeling.

11. THEORIES OF EMOTIONS:-
1. James –Lange theory in 1880
2. Canon-Bard theory in 1920s
3. Schachter-Singer theory in 1962
4. Lazarus theory in 1980s

12. 1-James –Lange theory:-
The james –lange theory proposes that emotions
occur as a result of physiological reactions to events
that’s why you experience the resulting emotion only
after you interpret the physical response.
Theory Report:-
event/stimulus body response(arousal)
experience(fear)
= I am trembling ,therefore I m afraid.

13. 2-Cannon – Bard Theory:-
according to this theory, the emotional
experience occurs as soon as the cortex
receives the massage from the thalamus
;individual experience both physical aspect
&perception of emotion at the same time.
Theory report:-
Stimulus Body response(arousal)
Subjective experience
The tiger makes me feel afraid & my heart
pounds in at the same time.

14. 3-Schachter –Singer theory:-
This theory is called cognitive theory of emotion.
He believes that an event causes physiological arousal
,that you must then identify a reason for the arousal
before you label the emotion.
Theory report:-
Stimulus body response(arousal)
interpretation subjective experience (fear)
my pounding heart means I m afraid because I
interpret the situation as danger