pRESENTED BY: Kshirabdhi Tanaya Tutor, SUM Nursing College S‘O’A Deemed to be University

2. The word ‘emotion ,is derived from Latin word
‘emovere’ means ‘to stir up’ or ‘to excite’.
Definitions:-
1. Emotion is an acute disturbance of the organism
,as a whole psychological in origin involving
behaviour , conscious experience and visceral
functioning.
(P T Young)
2. Emotion is a mental & physiological state arises
spontaneously rather than through conscious
effort associated with a wide variety of
feelings,thoughts & behaviours.
(Kleinginna )

3. Emotion makes life pleasurable as well as
miserable.
Feeling:-Feeling is defined as pleasant or
unpleasant experience associated with an
idea.
Mood:-It is pleasant or unpleasant
experience associated with a real or
imaginary idea ,place or a situation.
Affect is the objective feeling as observed
by the examiner/expert.

4. COMPONENTS OF EMOTION:-
Dennis coon described 4 components of
emotion:-
1. Subjective feeling
2. Emotional expression
3. Physiological changes
4. Conscious experience

5. 1. Subjective feeling:-
• It is conscious & an intellectual perception
of a situation .
• Subjective feelings are what you believe &
what you are feeling.
• Emotional feelings are experienced before
expression.
2. Emotional expression:-
There are 3 ways in which expression can be
expressed.
•Facial
•Vocal
•Bodily movements/gestures

7. Facial:-Face is believed to be the most expressive part
of the body.Some emotions like guilt ,joy,anger etc
can be perceived accurately through facial expression.
Vocal:-
Voice also tells us about an emotional state of an
individual.
A scream communicates fear ,surprise or pain.
A trembling voice means sorrow
A loud,sharp,high-pitched voice means anger
A slow monotonous voice means sadness.
Bodily movements:-
Bodily movements & gestures also indicate the
emotional state of an individual.

8. 3.Physiological changes:-
•Physiological changes takes place during the
emotional state are caused mainly by the
autonomic nervous system.
•The autonomic nervous system has 2
subdivisions:-sympathetic & parasympathetic
division.

9. The sympathetic division prepares the body for
emergency action during aroused state by
discharging hormones ,which are responsible for
following physical changes:-
Increased BP& heart rate
Changes in rate of respiration
Dilation of pupils
Decreased secretion of saliva
Sweating
Increased blood sugar level
Erect hair on the skin
Muscular tension & tremors

10. When a period of intense emotion ends,the
physiological changes produced by the
parasympathetic nervous system are as follows:-
•Reduces heart rate & BP
•It regulates salt and water level of the body
•It helps to build up & conserve the body’s energy
4-conscious experience:-
An emotion is not only a pattern of bodily changes ,
but also an experience.
Emotional experience is generally a conscious
feeling.

11. THEORIES OF EMOTIONS:-
1. James –Lange theory in 1880
2. Canon-Bard theory in 1920s
3. Schachter-Singer theory in 1962
4. Lazarus theory in 1980s

12. 1-James –Lange theory:-
The james –lange theory proposes that emotions
occur as a result of physiological reactions to events
that’s why you experience the resulting emotion only
after you interpret the physical response.
Theory Report:-
event/stimulus body response(arousal)
experience(fear)
= I am trembling ,therefore I m afraid.

13. 2-Cannon – Bard Theory:-
according to this theory, the emotional
experience occurs as soon as the cortex
receives the massage from the thalamus
;individual experience both physical aspect
&perception of emotion at the same time.
Theory report:-
Stimulus Body response(arousal)
Subjective experience
The tiger makes me feel afraid & my heart
pounds in at the same time.

14. 3-Schachter –Singer theory:-
This theory is called cognitive theory of emotion.
He believes that an event causes physiological arousal
,that you must then identify a reason for the arousal
before you label the emotion.
Theory report:-
Stimulus body response(arousal)
interpretation subjective experience (fear)
my pounding heart means I m afraid because I
interpret the situation as danger