Embedding_OER_Into_Your_Learning_Managemen_System
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Teachers can learn how to embed Open Educational Resources, (OER) into your online learning management system (LMS). This improves easy access for your students.
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Embedding_OER_Into_Your_Learning_Managemen_System
- 1. EMBEDDING OER INTO YOUR LMS WITH ACCESSIBILITY & UDL BEST PRACTICES TRAILS Webinar October 21, 2020 *This webinar is being recorded
- 2. Your Presenters Meghan Salsbury Instructional Technology Librarian meghan.salsbury@montana.edu Jacqueline L. Frank Instruction & Accessibility Librarian jacqueline.frank@montana.edu
- 3. Outline OER Introduction OER formats & accessibility considerations Live Example: Embedding OER into LMS Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Best Practices Live example: UDL in action
- 5. Introduction to OER UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization • 2002 (UNESCO) forum • Goal was “to develop together a universal educational resource available for the whole of humanity.” • Created the term “open educational resources” • Open content, open educational resources, and open textbooks are all terms for this open content http://www.unesco.org/education/news_en/080702_free_edu_ress.shtml
- 6. UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Open Educational Resources (OERs) are any type of educational materials that are in the public domain or introduced with an open license. The nature of these open materials means that anyone can legally and freely copy, use, adapt and re-share them. OERs range from textbooks to curricula, syllabi, lecture notes, assignments, tests, projects, audio, video and animation. WHAT are OER?
- 7. Why use OER? Increasing cost of college textbooks • Between 2011-12 and 2016-17, published tuition and fee prices rose by 9% in the public four-year sector • Board of Labor Statistics - “from January 2006 to July 2016, the Consumer Price Index for college tuition and fees increased 63 percent, compared with an increase of 21 percent for all items. Over that period, consumer prices for college textbooks increased 88 percent and housing at school (excluding board) increased 51 percent.” • 65% of students reported they did not purchase textbooks because of the high price The College Board. (2017). Tuition and fees and room and board over time, 1976-77 to 2016-17, selected years. Trends in Higher Education. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2016). College tuition and fees increase 63 percent since January 2006. The Economics Daily.
- 8. WHY use OER? Increase student success through access • Students who enrolled in courses utilizing OER performed as well as or better than their peers using traditional course materials • Study found a positive relationship between the use of OER and student performance in an online history course • Researchers found that students in courses that used OER more frequently had better grades and lower failure and withdrawal rates than their counterparts in courses that did not use OER Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E–Learning. Fischer, L., Hilton III, J., Robinson, T.J., & Wiley, D. (2015) A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of postsecondary students. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 27(3), 159-172. doi:10.1007/s12528015-9101-x Grewe, K. & Davis, W.P. (2017). The impact of enrollment in an OER course on student learning outcomes. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4), 231-238. Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2986/4209
- 9. OER Formats Types of CC Licenses
- 10. OER Formats & Accessibility Considerations Choosing accessible resources & file formats Access as success Accessibility benefits everyone Offering multiple formats is best Example OER with multiple formats 19% Undergraduates with a disability (NCES)
- 11. OER Formats Text based documents: Textbooks Curricula Syllabi lecture notes Multi-media Audio Video Animation Course elements (Text-based or Multi-media) Assignments Tests Projects
- 12. Common OER File Formats EPUB - Short for electronic publication; e-book file format HTML - HTML is the standard markup language for creating websites XHTML - in family of XML markup languages & extends versions of HTML Mobi - e-book file format Open Document Format (ODF) - XML-based file format for office applications, including spreadsheets, presentations, and word processing documents PDF - Portable document format; developed by Adobe to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Audio/Visual – Images, videos, and audio files can also be OER Text Based docs can be also be printed!
- 13. OER Formats: PDF Portable document format, independent of application software, hardware, and OS POSITIVES Maintains original visual layout Available offline Good for printing Save from Word, or Google Drive NEGATIVES Pages don’t resize or reflow Can’t enlarge text size without zooming Hard to make accessible, and still might not meet user needs Often more difficulty with screen readers UNDERSTANDING DOCUMENT ACCESSIBILITY
- 14. OER Formats: HTML Standard markup language for creating websites POSITIVES HTML is preferred over PDF for accessibility Reflowable Change font size text & color contrast Supports vector images, metadata, and CSS styling. Save Google Docs as HTML NEGATIVES To get offline access, files must be downloaded and saved as HTML files This is unintuitive, as HTML is mostly accessed and viewed online Only Modern browsers support HTML5 Advantages of HTML; HTML5 Advantages/Disadvantages
- 15. OER Formats: EPUB Short for electronic publication; e-book file format POSITIVES Reflowable Change font size text & color contrast Supports vector images, metadata, and CSS styling. Page bookmarking Passage highlighting and notes Save Google Docs as EPUB NEGATIVES Multiple columns not supported Tables may not format correctly Images may not display properly on monochrome devices Footnotes not supported The epub format: advantages and limitations
- 16. OER Formats: Open Document Format (ODF) XML-based file format for office applications, including spreadsheets, presentations, and word docs POSITIVES Portable document type, independent of device or OS Smaller file size International support Save from Word or Google Docs NEGATIVES Documents will not always look the same when users view them, however the document will open with whatever program you use Key Features of ODF
- 17. OER Formats: Audio/Visual Content ACCESSIBILITY BEST PRACTICES TO LOOK FOR: Images have alt-text Videos have closed captions and transcripts Audio has transcripts MSU Library Accessibly & Instruction Guide
- 18. Audience Poll What LMS does your campus use?
- 19. Live Example: Embedding OER into LMS
- 21. UDL Best Practices CAST Guidelines “Universal design for learning (UDL) is a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people.” –CAST Engagement “Stimulate interest and motivation for learning. Representation “Present information and content in different ways.” Action & Expression “Differentiate the ways that students can express what they know.” (CAST UDL Framework)
- 22. UDL Best Practices, cont. Engagement Involve learners in setting their own academic goals Allow learners to participate in the design of assignments & activities Facilitate self-reflection Representation Offer alternatives for audio/visual information: captions & transcripts Promote understanding across languages: avoid jargon, acronyms, & abbreviations Action & Expression Optimize access to assistive technologies: Provide OER with Multiple formats Provide Options: Let students choose the format of their assignments *notacompletelist;fora full list,see (CAST UDL Framework)
- 23. Live Example: UDL in Action
- 25. Resources OER Commons Open Course Library Open Textbook Library OpenStax MERLOT II Open Educational Resources (OER) at Montana State University MSU Library Instruction & Accessibility Guide Remote/Online Teaching Help
- 26. Questions
- 27. UDL Slides Check Minimum 24 sans serif font Use of bullets/numbers for lists Correct reading order Sufficient color contrast Plain language Alt-text for images Descriptive links
Editor's Notes
- In 2002, the United Nations Educations, Scientific, and Cultural Organization held a forum discussing this ideas of open, global education. The participants felt open educational resources were “critically important for ensuring wide access to quality higher education in developing countries and full participation of universities in these countries in the rapidly evolving world higher education system.” Open Educational Resources are defined as "technology-enabled, open provision of educational resources for consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes". They are typically made freely available over the Web or the Internet. Their principal use is by teachers and educational institutions support course development, but they can also be used directly by students. Open Educational Resources include learning objects such as lecture material, references and readings, simulations, experiments and demonstrations, as well as syllabi, curricula and teachers' guides.
- So why should OER be used in colleges and universities? Traditional textbooks have been working for years, so why the sudden push for change? The first, and most obvious answer, is cost. From 2006 and 2016, the consumer price of textbooks increased by 88%. Almost 2/3 of college students interviewed at the time said they did not purchase textbooks because of the high price. Over the course of a year, the average college student spends more than $1,200 on books and materials, according to the College Board. The main reason these costs have increased so dramatically are textbooks that come with “access codes” to online publisher content. These access codes are only good for one user, so students are unable to purchase used textbooks or share a textbook for courses that include these materials. Nearly four in 10 college courses bundled their texts with access codes according to a study released in January 2018 by US Public Interest Research Groups.
- Maybe cost isn’t a determining factor for you when choosing course materials, so another reason to use OER is because these open resources can actually increase student success in the classroom. Several studies completed in the past 8 years show a positive relationship between the use of OER and student performance. Studies show that 93% of students who use OER do as well or better than those using traditional materials. The main reason why – students had access to course materials on the first day of class. This reduced failure rates and withdrawal rates in courses because students were not scrambling to find the material they needed to succeed. OER allows students to access their course materials when they need them, where they need them, and how they need them – whether on their computer, tablet, smartphone, or by printing out the week’s materials at a fraction of the cost of a textbook. Students who receive Pell grants, part-time students, and populations historically underserved by higher education show even higher improvements in grades and reductions in D/F/W rates than their peers. Another perk? OER are easily adaptable and can be updated in a timely fashion. This means that students can have access to scholarly material on events that took place only weeks or months ago rather then waiting a year or more for the next edition of a textbook to be published.
- Now I’m going to talk a bit about accessibility considerations for OER, and go over a few different OER file types. It turns out that one in five (1 in 5) or 19% undergraduate students report having a disability according to the National Center for Education Statistics. So it’s important to think about accessibility when choosing what resources to use in your class, because if students cannot access the content they need, in the ways they need to, it will greatly hinder their success. Different file formats can be accessed more easily depending on the user’s device or assistive technology being used, so we are going to talk more about file formats next. And ultimately, ensuring the resources you use are accessible benefits everyone in the end. While certain things were designed for people with disabilities, many folks use these helpful features. For example, having searchable text in PDFs allows all students to search for keywords in the text to easily find and review specific information, and closed captioning for hearing impaired users also helps people watching videos in noisy places like airports, or quiet places like a library when you don’t have headphones. Finally, providing multiple formats of instructional content helps all students learn the content in the best way for them, so choosing OER that offer multiple formats is best, and then the user can choose what format works best for them. For example, this OER textbook that I found using from Open Textbook Library offers many different options, including PDF, viewing online as HTML, or downloading in lots of different formats.
- As Meghan said, there are many different type of resources that can be used as OER. Those resources generally fall within two broad categories of text-based documents including textbooks and syllabi, and multi-media including audio and video. And within those categories, especially text-based documents, there are many different file types that OER might be provided in, as we just saw in our last example.
- So what do all those file formats mean?
- What are the differences between all those different file types? We can look at the positives and negatives and compare the most common ones. For PDF…
- We must first mention the UDL guidelines from CAST, which defines UDL as "a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people”. UDL takes into consideration that we all like to learn in different ways and use different devices and tools, and by providing options to students that fit their preferences, it can help students stay motivated. The guidelines are organized into these three areas including Engagement which stimulates interest and motivation for learning, Representation which is to present information and content in different ways, and finally Action & Expression which offers different ways that students can express what they know.
- UDL can also help get away from some of the more technical accessibility best practices, and into the more pedagogical side, to help us think about how we are designing our instruction. For example, here are a few best practices highlighted from each category, and how some of them overlap with OER and accessibility. Under Engagement, CAST recommends involving learners in setting their own academic goals, allowing learners to participate in the design of assignments & activities, and offering activities or assignments that facilitate self-reflection. Under Representation, offer captions and transcripts for audio/visual, and promote understanding across languages by avoiding jargon, acronyms, & abbreviations. Under Action & Expression, optimizing access to assistive technologies would include providing OER with multiple format options, and letting students choose the format that they submit their assignment is another good example. IN general, one of the biggest things you can do is provide options to your students for accessing the content, as well as demonstrating their understanding.