Virtual and online learning is growing rapidly in the United States. Over 500,000 K-12 students now take courses virtually, and virtual schools are expanding their course offerings beyond just advanced placement classes. Research shows students in one-to-one computing programs, where each student has their own laptop, are more engaged and motivated. However, some argue these programs are too costly and could provide access to inappropriate content without proven academic benefits. Overall, more research is still needed to determine what virtual learning approaches work best for different types of students.
Advances in computer technology continue to change the
lives of instructors and students. One of the exciting new ways
to use computers in education is in testing. According to Brown
(1997), computer-based tests (CBTs) have been used in second
language testing since the early 80's. This rapid change in mode
of administration of tests is very understandable. As Jamieson
(2005) states, computers have a number of very desirable
functions that considerably eases up the test creation and
assessment task, including item creation and presentation,
answer collection and scoring, statistical analysis, and storage,
transmission, and retrieval of information. Also the literature on
computer-assisted language learning indicates that language
learners have generally positive attitudes towards using
computers in the classroom (Reid, 1986; Neu and Scarcella,
1991; Phinney, 1991).
Computer-based assessment has been used in many
disciplines to give both formative feedback and to offer
summative testing. This is especially so in the sciences. There is
evidence to suggest that formative computer-based assessment
can produce improvement in student learning outcomes
(Clariana, 1993) and that this can lead to a positive attitudes of
students to learning.
This slideshow tries to explain why schools should care about VLEs and gives just a hint of what you might be able to achieve with a properly integrated one
Advances in computer technology continue to change the
lives of instructors and students. One of the exciting new ways
to use computers in education is in testing. According to Brown
(1997), computer-based tests (CBTs) have been used in second
language testing since the early 80's. This rapid change in mode
of administration of tests is very understandable. As Jamieson
(2005) states, computers have a number of very desirable
functions that considerably eases up the test creation and
assessment task, including item creation and presentation,
answer collection and scoring, statistical analysis, and storage,
transmission, and retrieval of information. Also the literature on
computer-assisted language learning indicates that language
learners have generally positive attitudes towards using
computers in the classroom (Reid, 1986; Neu and Scarcella,
1991; Phinney, 1991).
Computer-based assessment has been used in many
disciplines to give both formative feedback and to offer
summative testing. This is especially so in the sciences. There is
evidence to suggest that formative computer-based assessment
can produce improvement in student learning outcomes
(Clariana, 1993) and that this can lead to a positive attitudes of
students to learning.
This slideshow tries to explain why schools should care about VLEs and gives just a hint of what you might be able to achieve with a properly integrated one
This project focuses on Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) and its goal is to make people aware of its importance and increasing use.
This study shows the difference between a Virtual Learning Environment and other educational websites and how we can understand its specificities. This paper addresses Moodle, which is a modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment used by study communities all over the world for free; and EnglishTown, which is an on-line English school using Adobe’s Adobe Connect 8. Both are accessed by many people and can help us be aware of what a VLE is.
Virtual learning: for students and adults. For high education and lifelong learning.
For teachers and students, for training organizations and universities.
Types, methods, tools.
Definition of E-learning
Types of E-learning
Location
Purpose of E-learning
Advantages E-learning
Disadvantages of E -learning
Evaluation Methods in E -learning
CONCLUSION
E-Learning: Challenges and Research Opportunities Using Machine Learning & Da...eraser Juan José Calderón
E-Learning: Challenges and Research Opportunities Using Machine Learning & Data Analytics
de ABDALLAH MOUBAYED 1 , MOHAMMADNOOR INJADAT1 , ALI BOU NASSIF2 , HANAN LUTFIYYA3 , AND ABDALLAH SHAMI1 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada 2Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 3Computer Science Department, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada Corresponding author: Abdallah Moubayed (amoubaye@uwo.ca)
ABSTRACT
With the proliferation of technology, the field of e-learning has garnered significant attention in recent times. This is because it has allowed users from around the world to learn and access new information. This has added to the growing amount of collected data that is already being generated through different devices and sensors employed around the world. This has led to the need to analyze collected data and extract useful information from it. Machine learning (ML) and data analytics (DA) are proposed techniques that can help extract information and find valuable patterns within the collected data. In this paper, the field of e-learning is investigated in terms of definitions and characteristics. Moreover, the various challenges facing the different participants within this process are discussed. In addition, some of the works proposed in the literature to tackle these challenges are presented. Then, a brief survey about some of the most popular ML and DA techniques is given. Finally, some of the research opportunities available that employ such techniques are proposed to give insights into the areas that merit further exploration and investigation.
Challenges and Experiences of Students in the Virtual Classroom World: A Lite...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The study aims to discuss the experience students face in the virtual classroom mode. The limitations and challenges which students face while enrolling in online modes to learning from MOOC Courses to Distance Learning. The community of the people undertaking online education has increased significantly in the past few years. The paper reviews the literature on the topic of online classes, asynchronous and synchronous modes of delivery, the perception of students in the virtual learning and the experiences and challenges faced.
Amidst the hype and the hysteria MOOCs themselves have marched steadily along. Recent reports show that they continue to grow both in numbers of courses being offered and the total number of learners enrolled on all MOOCs. And so, despite many critiques and uncertainties about their true role and financial viability, MOOCs are for the moment at least, here to stay. The cMOOC xMOOC binary, and other acronymic derivations, can be seen as representative of the contestation of the arena in which MOOCs are situated; as attempts to frame or direct the discourse. This has been examined in the academic literature REFS, in the traditional media [VITOMIR SELWIN US ] and to some degree in social media [REFS]. In this paper will examine how stakeholders including MOOC providers, teachers and students use the term MOOC in social medium Twitter. We do this through an analysis of a sample of mentions of the hashtag “#MOOC”. Furthermore, we examine issues of the how research can be conducted on MOOCs in Twitter including an appraisal of how the term itself is both portrayed and conceptualized in this space.
The Advent of Mobile Learning Technology offers enormous possibilities that can be leveraged for learning. Mobile Learning Technology is in user’s pockets. Leverage it now.
Presentation given at GUSCO, the Guldensporen College in Kortrijk, Belgium. In this presentation I give an overview of the MOOC benefits for teachers and students.
This project focuses on Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) and its goal is to make people aware of its importance and increasing use.
This study shows the difference between a Virtual Learning Environment and other educational websites and how we can understand its specificities. This paper addresses Moodle, which is a modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment used by study communities all over the world for free; and EnglishTown, which is an on-line English school using Adobe’s Adobe Connect 8. Both are accessed by many people and can help us be aware of what a VLE is.
Virtual learning: for students and adults. For high education and lifelong learning.
For teachers and students, for training organizations and universities.
Types, methods, tools.
Definition of E-learning
Types of E-learning
Location
Purpose of E-learning
Advantages E-learning
Disadvantages of E -learning
Evaluation Methods in E -learning
CONCLUSION
E-Learning: Challenges and Research Opportunities Using Machine Learning & Da...eraser Juan José Calderón
E-Learning: Challenges and Research Opportunities Using Machine Learning & Data Analytics
de ABDALLAH MOUBAYED 1 , MOHAMMADNOOR INJADAT1 , ALI BOU NASSIF2 , HANAN LUTFIYYA3 , AND ABDALLAH SHAMI1 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada 2Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 3Computer Science Department, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada Corresponding author: Abdallah Moubayed (amoubaye@uwo.ca)
ABSTRACT
With the proliferation of technology, the field of e-learning has garnered significant attention in recent times. This is because it has allowed users from around the world to learn and access new information. This has added to the growing amount of collected data that is already being generated through different devices and sensors employed around the world. This has led to the need to analyze collected data and extract useful information from it. Machine learning (ML) and data analytics (DA) are proposed techniques that can help extract information and find valuable patterns within the collected data. In this paper, the field of e-learning is investigated in terms of definitions and characteristics. Moreover, the various challenges facing the different participants within this process are discussed. In addition, some of the works proposed in the literature to tackle these challenges are presented. Then, a brief survey about some of the most popular ML and DA techniques is given. Finally, some of the research opportunities available that employ such techniques are proposed to give insights into the areas that merit further exploration and investigation.
Challenges and Experiences of Students in the Virtual Classroom World: A Lite...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The study aims to discuss the experience students face in the virtual classroom mode. The limitations and challenges which students face while enrolling in online modes to learning from MOOC Courses to Distance Learning. The community of the people undertaking online education has increased significantly in the past few years. The paper reviews the literature on the topic of online classes, asynchronous and synchronous modes of delivery, the perception of students in the virtual learning and the experiences and challenges faced.
Amidst the hype and the hysteria MOOCs themselves have marched steadily along. Recent reports show that they continue to grow both in numbers of courses being offered and the total number of learners enrolled on all MOOCs. And so, despite many critiques and uncertainties about their true role and financial viability, MOOCs are for the moment at least, here to stay. The cMOOC xMOOC binary, and other acronymic derivations, can be seen as representative of the contestation of the arena in which MOOCs are situated; as attempts to frame or direct the discourse. This has been examined in the academic literature REFS, in the traditional media [VITOMIR SELWIN US ] and to some degree in social media [REFS]. In this paper will examine how stakeholders including MOOC providers, teachers and students use the term MOOC in social medium Twitter. We do this through an analysis of a sample of mentions of the hashtag “#MOOC”. Furthermore, we examine issues of the how research can be conducted on MOOCs in Twitter including an appraisal of how the term itself is both portrayed and conceptualized in this space.
The Advent of Mobile Learning Technology offers enormous possibilities that can be leveraged for learning. Mobile Learning Technology is in user’s pockets. Leverage it now.
Presentation given at GUSCO, the Guldensporen College in Kortrijk, Belgium. In this presentation I give an overview of the MOOC benefits for teachers and students.
Tips for Successful Virtual Learning: Engage the Mind, Not the MouseLearning Rebels LLC
Virtual Learning. In most cases the idea of participating in a virtual learning courses gives most of us twitches - although with the right planning, your virtual learning courses will be the talk of the organization, and in a GOOD way. Learning Rebels will show you the way!
This is reporting for Virtual Class Room developed by me. You can read the whole document or can view images within the document of the system (Virtual Class Room)
Open educational resources: What are they and where do i find them?Amy Castillo
Presented at the Excellence in Teaching 2017 conference on February 10, 2017. Abstract: Have you ever considered using an open textbook in your class? How about open courses, quizzes, lab manuals, or other course materials? Open Educational Resources (OERs) are free and free to reuse resources or course materials that you can repurpose in your classes, including both written and multimedia content. There are OERs available for every subject matter and academic level. Tarleton librarians, Margie Maxfield Huth (Systems Librarian) and Amy Castillo (Periodicals & Electronic Resources Librarian) will discuss what OERs are, and how they can be used in the classroom. They will also show resources for identifying OERs that might be appropriate for use in your classes.
Running Head IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION 1.docxwlynn1
Running Head: IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION 1
IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION 9
Impacts of Technology in the Quality of Education
Professor’s Name
Student’s Name
Course Title
Date
Abstract
Technology is a major contributor to the current improved standards and quality of education system in the United States. The introduction of technology to the learning institutions and more especially in classroom has greatly encouraged engagement and collaboration from the students which defines whether learning is taking place or not. The current generation having grown up with technology in their fingertips, its inclusion in the learning environment will have more of positive impacts than negative impacts to their academic performance and their future success in general. This paper serves to analyze the encouraging impacts of technology in the education system, its importance to both the learners and teachers and why it has to be embraced in classroom.
Impacts of Technology in the Quality of Education
Introduction
Is the incorporation of technology into the learning and teaching system improving the quality of education? From history, technology has been like a catalyst for the many changes that we are experiencing in the current world. For instance, when we think of the way the internet has unified the world into a single society, technology takes credit. In production and manufacturing industry, efficiency and productivity have been greatly improved through technology. With the many benefits of technology, it's no doubt then that our learning institutions are making use of technology even in the classroom. However, the most commonly asked question is whether the technology in the classroom helps students to learn. Well, some individuals may argue that technology is distracting students from their full learning potential, I am certain that the use of technology in our learning institutions plays a vital role for the betterment of the students’ future. As David Warlick said, “We need technology in every classroom and in every student and teacher’s hand, because it’s the pen and paper of our time, and it’s the lens through which we experience much of our world”. In this paper, I will discuss the importance of technology to the student, teacher and the education system as a whole (Al‐Zahrani, 2015).
According to the Social Constructivism Theory, learning is viewed as students’ integration into a knowledge community that involves collaborative assimilation besides accommodation of new information. Students' engagement in the classroom serves as an indication that the learning process is taking place. For the students to be effectively engaged in class activities, group work is highly encouraged for the essence of collaboration to be appreciated in the learning environment. The facilitator has to choose on an effective method that he or she can use to engage the students well bearing in mind t.
How elearning is changing the landscape of education system is it good or bad Concetto Labs
Explore the benefits and disadvantages of the Education System and learn how the right use of resources can help students become individualistic and responsible
A follow up on the event, What's Next wherein principals, counselors and influencers from the education industry contributed on creating a blueprint for education for tomorrow
National Seminar on Social Media Networks and Society organised by Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, Chennai and Indian Council of Social Science Research (IMPRESS), New Delhi on 3rd February 2021
How education system suddenly changes due to COVID-19. It's problem and solution faced by both teachers and students and how it's going to effect on future generation.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
1. … VIRTUAL SCHOOLS AND VIRTUAL LEARNING Latrice Brown W200 Summer 2011
2. TRADITIONAL LEARNING IS NO LONGER THE NORM The way the student learns is so forever-changing, the teacher standing in front of the class feeding information is on the verge of extinction. To think that there are online classes for elementary school grades k-12 is saying a lot about the future of the teachers teaching in the traditional classroom setting. Look below to see the new look of the new emerging classroom coming to your house soon.
3. The virtual school market is exploding across the United States. According to Kellogg (2008), at least 40 accredited virtual schools are already serving approximately 520,000 students. These schools once offered only advanced placement and remedial classes, but they now provide supplemental coursework and, in some cases, core curriculum. Seventy-five percent of the virtual school programs are delivered through purchased or licensed outside providers, and the other 25 percent are developed by the school systems. The target audiences for virtual schools are 75 percent of home-schooled students, 30 percent of elementary school students, 68 percent of middle school students, and 100 percent of high school students (Kellogg). p.5(3)
4. What will my teaching experience look like in the future? http://find.galegroup.com.proxy2.ulib.iupui.edu/gps/images/favicon.ico When I think about the future of education and how I initially envisioned how I would be teaching my students it never crossed my mind that I would be possibly not have an actual classroom but be teaching lessons only through technology and computers. My mindset at what I initially expected has definitely changed tremendously.
5. Is it a difference? Some states in the United States, including Maine, Indiana, Michigan, and Virginia, have begun to implement one-to-one computing (Bonifaz & Zucker, 2004) in schools where each child gets his/her own laptop to use during school hours and often to take home. For instance, the Maine Learning Technology Initiative (2002-2004) supplied every seventh and eighth grade student in Maine and their teachers with laptop computers, and 40% of the middle schools allow students to take their laptops home. Although few research studies on the effects of one-to-one computing on teaching and learning have been reported, teachers report that students in one-to-one computing programs are more engaged and motivated and interact better with teachers (Bebell, 2005; Silvernail, & Lane, 2004). At the same time, recommendations for abandoning one-to-one computing programs citing the high cost, potential access to inappropriate material, and lack of proven impact on student achievement (Hu, 2007; Vascellaro, 2006) have been widely published. Still, the number of U.S. schools adopting one-to-one computing programs continues to increase every year, according to a survey of the largest 2,500 school districts in the United States conducted by the Hayes Connection and cited in the New York Times by Hu (2007). Virtual homework
6. I think we may be on to something? By using a system such as the ASSISTment system, students can learn more than they would by doing their homework with paper and pencil. Students get immediate feedback on their answers and help when they need it. In addition to better learning results, teachers can take advantage of the convenience of having homework automatically graded and recorded. Students can also benefit from Web-based homework because they may take their homework more seriously when they know it will be graded. With the ASSISTment system, teachers can also pinpoint exactly where students are having difficulties and get reports on which skills to address in class for individual students or the class as a whole (Feng, Heffernan & Koedinger, 2006), thus allowing teachers to address shortcomings. Content is relatively easy to develop in the ASSISTment system and can be created in a fraction of the time needed to develop content in other intelligent tutoring systems (Razzaq et al., 2008).
7.
8. Studies that only compare virtual learning with traditional instruction, though, like those that compare charter schools with traditional public schools, mask many of the most interesting questions about virtual education. To be useful, research needs to be specific as to "what works for whom, what implementation practices matter, and why," says Marianne Bakia, senior education researcher at SRI International and one of the authors of the Department of Education study.
