The document discusses Arduino and PCB design basics. It covers microcontrollers, the Arduino development board, programming concepts for interfacing various components like LEDs, LCDs, sensors and modules. It also discusses PCB design using OrCAD Capture and Layout software including creating schematics, linking components to footprints, and designing the final PCB layout.

1. ARDUINO & PCB design
(basics)

2. What is a Microcontroller
• A small computer on a single chip containing a processor, memory,
and input/output
• Typically "embedded" inside some device that they control
• A microcontroller is often small and low cost

3. The Arduino Development Board

4. The Arduino Microcontroller: Atmel ARV
Atmega 8

5. What is the Arduino

6. Our First Program

7. Interfacing
 PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS:
 Embedded C language implementation, programming,& debugging
 Memory Models
 Library reference
 Functions, Parameter passing and return types
 ON-CHIP PERIPHERALS PROGRAMMING, AND APPLICATION:
 Ports: Input/output
 Timers & Counters
 UART (Programming of Serial ports)
 EXTERNAL INTERFACES STUDY, PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS:
 Implementation(single LED) with C programming
 LED array connections (multiple LED’s)
 Dancing LED’s with C programming
 Positive logic implementation and negative logic
 Basic circuit implementation/pin configuration
 ON/OFF controlling AC and DC devices with C programming

8. Interfacing (contd.)
 LCD
 16×2 LCD hardware connections
 Displaying own text on 16×2 LCD with C programming
 LCD interfacing with push buttons in C program
 Custom Character Generation
 Combining LCD and switch for a password system
 FLAME SENSOR RECEIVER MODULE
 Application in fire alarm systems
 GAS SENSOR
 Air Quality Gas Sensor MQ-135
 Can be used in alcohol sensor systems
 BLUETOOTH
 HC-06 Bluetooth Module Serial port Bluetooth
 Easy to use as it is based on Rx-Tx model
 Can be connected easily to smartphones and used even with voice control

9. FLAME SENSOR 16X2 LCD
MQ135 GAS SENSOR

10. Interfacing (contd.)
 RFID
 RFID module RDM-630
 Can be used in any kind of identification system
 Passive tags used to interact with module
 Doesn’t require line of sight like bar code reader
 Easy to use as it is based on Rx-Tx model
 Short range RFID used in industrial data collection
 ULTRASONIC MODULE
 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Module
 You only need to supply a short 10uS pulse to the trigger input to start the ranging, and then the
module will send out an 8 cycle burst of ultrasound at 40 kHz and raise its echo. The Echo is a
distance object that is pulse width and the range in proportion .You can calculate the range
through the time interval between sending trigger signal and receiving echo signal.

11. Interfacing (contd.)
 RF RX-TX MODULES
 RF transmitter FS1000A
 3 pin 433MHz RF transmitter
 2 arduino UNO boards to be used to catch the data through RF module
 RF receiver PCR2A is a 4-pin receiver module
 If receiver is receiving the signals from transmitter , then LED on both the boards must blink
simultaneously.
 Can be used with HT12E/D encoder-decoder pair
 HT12E converts parallel data from switches to serial form
 HT12D converts serially received data from transmitter to parallel output
 Parallel output is displayed using LEDs

12. RFID HC-SR04

13. Interfacing (contd.)
 RELAY & DC MOTOR
 Relays are simple switches operated electrically and mechanically.
 Used when low power signal is used to control a circuit
 Used when one signal is used to control many circuits
 Basically of 4 types :- 1) SPST 2) SPDT 3) DPST 4) DPDT
 For standard unidirectional motor we use SPDT type

14. Interfacing (contd.)
 H-BRIDGE CONTROL FOR DC-MOTOR
 Electronic circuit that allows voltage to be applied across a load in either direction
 Used in motor control
 H-bridge can be realized using semiconductor devices or using relay or can be purchased in the
form of an IC
 The dc motor can be run in both the directions unlike the unidirectional motion as seen in SPDT
model

15. Interfacing (contd.)
 DPDT RELAY FOR MOTOR
 DPDT relay is an 8-terminal device and stands for dual POLE dual THROW

16. Interfacing (contd.)
 H-BRIDGE IC FOR DC-MOTOR
 H-bridge can be implemented by an IC-L293D
 A 16-pin IC and can control 2 sets of DC motors simultaneously in any direction

17. Interfacing(contd.)
 GPS MODULE
 GPS module NEO-6M
 Arduino code used read the info like, date, time, location in view from NMEA data streams
 The most common string $GPRMC was decoded
 $GPRMC string contains following data :- time stamp , current latitude & longitude, speed
over ground in knots, date of fix
 GSM MODULE
 GSM module called SIM900
 Supports communication in 900MHz band
 Works on a 12V input
 Once, connection is established status LED will blink continuously every 3 seconds
 Instruction set for GSM
ata =(attend call) ath=(reject call)
AT+CMGF=1 (sets GSM in text mode)
AT+CGMR=1 (displays first text message in memory)
AT+ CGMD=2 (delete 2nd message frrom memory)

18. GPS SIM900(GSM)

19. Interfacing(contd.)
 MPU-6050
 InvenSense MPU-6050 sensor contains a MEMS accelerometer and a MEMS gyro in a single
chip.
 It is very accurate, as it contains 16-bits analog to digital conversion hardware for each channel.
 it captures the x, y, and z channel at the same time. The sensor uses the I2C-bus to interface with
the Arduino.
 It always acts as a slave with the SDA & SCL pins connected to I2C bus.
 KEYPAD
 4X4 matrix keypad used
 Princple to detect the key press & decoding logic for key pressed is same as keyboard for
microprocessor
 Same logic of grounding the rows and checking columns and debounce

20. MPU-6050 KEYPAD

21. Introduction to Or CAD for Board
Design
Using Capture and Layout

22. Before We Start
What is a schematic ?
--The board schematic is the logical representation of physical
implementation.
Create a project in Capture

23. Project Navigator
 The .opjfile is the
Capture project File
 The .dsnfile is the
schematics
 The .olbfile is the
Capture library file

24. Drawing Parts & Capture
Name
 – Use Part Number with package information
Ref Designators
– Ufor IC, R for Resistor, C for Capacitor, L for inductor,
X forOscillator, J for Connector, JP for Jumper, etc.
Packages
 – PCB Footprint can be linked to Layout
Multiple Part
 – Homogenous
 – Heterogeneous
Pins
 – Polarity
 – Number or letter
 – Symbol

25. Our Capture
 Our capture was for the arduino reference board used
 Here just the Atmega 8 microcontroller capture is shown just to give an idea
 To check the design use DRC tab on the toolbar

26. Layouts & Footprints
 Create library of all footprints in your design
 OrCADlayout library file extension is .llb . For each footprint check for the 3
properties of layout
 Go back to Capture and link parts to footprints
Component tool & DRC are ON &TOP shows layer of layout. Two layers were used only
TOP & BOTTOM

27. Layouts & Footprints(contd.)
 You can assign footprint to an existing or a new component to complete layout

28. Final Layout

29. Final PCB