This document discusses the major foundations of curriculum development: philosophical, historical, psychological, and social. The philosophical foundations include perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and reconstructionism. The historical foundations outline the theories of educators like Franklin Bobbitt, Werrett Charter, William Kilpatrick, and Ralph Tyler. The psychological foundations cover behaviorsit, cognitive, and humanistic perspectives. Finally, the social foundation recognizes that society shapes schools and curricula must address cultural diversity.

1. ELEMENTS VITAL IN
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
 Foundations of the Curriculum
 Imperative needs of the Learners
 Analysis of Education Outputs
 Rationale for Curriculum Development
Jerralyn Cortez-Alva
CPE
20 December 2015
Our Lady of Fatima University

2. 4 MAJOR FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
PHILOSOPHICAL
FOUNDATION
It helps in answering what
schools are for, what
subjects are important,
how students should learn
and what materials and
methods should be used.
PERRENIALISM
Teaches concepts & focuses
on knowledge and the
meaning of knowledge.
Aimed at teaching students
ways of thinking that will
secure individual freedoms,
human rights, and
responsibilities through
nature.

3. PHILOSOPHICAL
FOUNDATION
ESSENTIALISM
Theory that asserts that
education properly involves
the learning of the basic skills,
arts & sciences that have
been useful in the past and
are likely to remain useful in
the future.
It focuses on
INTELLECTUAL
DISCIPLINES

4. PHILOSOPHICAL
FOUNDATION
PROGRESSIVISM
A theory of education that is
concerned with “learning by
doing” and purports that
children learn best when
pursuing their own interests
and satisfying their own
needs.

5. PHILOSOPHICAL
FOUNDATION
RECONSTRUCTIONISM
Centers on the idea of
constant change and
emphasized addressing of
social questions
Focuses on a curriculum
that highlights social reform
(as the aim of education)

6. 4 MAJOR FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION
The historical development
shows the different
changes in the purposes,
principles and content of
the curriculum
FRANKLIN BOBBIT
Presented curriculum as a
science that emphasizes on
student’s need
Believes that objectives with
corresponding activities
should be grouped and
sequenced

7. HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION
WERRETT CHARTERS
Agrees with Bobbit’s point of
view
The subject matter and the
activities are planned by the
teacher

8. HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION
WILLIAM KILPATRICK
Curricula are purposeful
activities which are child-
centered
He introduced the project
method where teacher and
students plan the activities
Believed that the curriculum
develops social relationships
and small group instruction

9. HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION
HAROLD RUGG
Believed that curriculum
should develop the whole
child
Emphasized the social
studies and the teacher plans
curriculum in advance

10. HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION
HOLLIS CASWELL
Sees curriculum as
organized around social
functions of themes,
organized knowledge and
learner’s interest
Believes that curriculum is a
set of experiences
Subject matter is developed
around social functions and
learner’s interests

11. HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION
RALPH TYLER
Believes that curriculum is
an extension of school’s
philosophy
Subject matter is organized
in terms of knowledge, skill
and values
The curriculum aims to
educate generalists and not
specialists

12. 4 MAJOR FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
PSYCHOLOGICAL
FOUNDATION
Psychology provides a
basis for the teaching and
learning process.
BEHAVIORIST
PSYCHOLOGY
Learning should be
organized in order that
students can experience
success in the process of
mastering the subject matter.
Believe that behavior is
shaped and strengthened
through reinforcement

13. PSYCHOLOGICAL
FOUNDATION
COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY
Learning constitutes a
logical method for organizing
and interpreting learning.
Learning is an internal brain
process

14. PSYCHOLOGICAL
FOUNDATION
HUMANISTIC
PSYCHOLOGY
Curriculum is concerned
with the process not the
products; personal needs not
subject matter; psychological
meaning and environmental
situations
Humanistic psychology
focus on each individual’s
potential and stressed the
importance of growth and self-
actualization

15. 4 MAJOR FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
SOCIAL
FOUNDATION
Societal culture affects
and shapes the schools
and their curricula.
Schools are not the only institution
that educate the society
School curricula should address
diversity, explosion of knowledge,
school reforms and education for all
Curricula should preserve the
culture of the society and its
aspirations
Society should also imbibe the
changes brought about by the
formal institutions called schools