This document discusses the elements in Group 5A of the periodic table, including their general properties. Nitrogen is a diatomic gas that makes up 80% of air. Phosphorus forms calcium phosphate and reacts with hydrogen to form phosphine. Bismuth forms a crystal lattice and is a weak conductor of electricity. Elements in this group can gain electrons through covalent sharing to reach stability, form acidic or basic oxides, and hydrides like ammonia and arsine that can form coordinate bonds. Properties like polarity decrease with increasing atomic number. Nitrogen and bismuth exhibit no allotropy while nitrogen reacts with calcium carbide to form ammonia gas, an important industrial product made via the Haber process

1. Elements of group (5A)
Kareem mahran

2. Elements of group (5A)
 NitrogenN7: non–metal–diatomic–gas in
atmospheric air 80%
 Phosphor P15: non–metal–Calcium phosphate
( Ca3(PO4)2) Apatite
 CaF2Ca3(PO4)2(4 atom) .
 Arsenic As33: metalloid–Arsenic
sulphideAs2S3–vapor (4atom As4)
 Antimony Sb51: metalloid–Antimony sulphide
Sb2S3–vapor atoms Sb4
 Bismuth Bi83: metal forming a crystal lattice–
weak to conduct electricity
 –vapor (2atom)

3. General properties
 -Oxidation number: Elements of group
[5–A] have several oxidation numbers
because they gain electrons from 1 to
3 through covalent
 sharing or electrons from 1 to 5
electron and reach to the stability state

4. General properties
 2-Withoxygen:All elements of this
group form oxides are
acidic(decreases with increasing the
atomic number) such as N2O3, N2O5,
 P2O3, P2O5while other are
amphotericSb2O3or Bi2O3or basic
 (increases with increasing the atomic
number) Bi2O3.

5. General properties
 -With hydrogen : Most of elements of
this group reacts with hydrogen to
form hydrides such as NH3,
PH3,phosphine, Arsine AsH3
 These compounds (NH3-PH3) can
form coordinate bonds due to
presence of pair of electrons in
valence shell so it can give this
electrons to the
 outer atoms or ions to form coordinate
bond

6. General properties
 These compounds are basic because
atom of element has one pair of
electrons donated to positive proton of
hydrogen which is found in the
molecule of water therefore the
negative hydroxyl group separated
from molecule of water.

7. General properties
 The polarity of hydrogen compounds
in this group decreases with
increasing atomicnumber.
 -The thermally stability and the
solubility in water are decreases with
increasing the atomic in this group
(NH4+) is more polarity than (PH4+) is
 more polarity than (AsH4+)

8. Allotropy
 It is the presence of the element in
more than one form having the same
chemical properties but different
physical properties.Both nitrogen (gas)
and bismuth (metal) have no tallo
tropic.

9. Nitrogen N2

10. -Reaction of nitrogen with
calcium carbide (CaCN2)


11. 1-Ammonia gas (NH3)

12. Properties of NH3gas


13. Preparation of ammonia gas in
industry (Haber's method)
