SlideShare a Scribd company logo
CHAPTER - 4
MATERIALS : METALS AND
NON METALS
2
There is a zig-zag or staircase line that divides the table.
Metals are on the left of the line, in blue.
Nonmetals are on the right of the line, in orange.
3
PROPERTIES OF METALS
Physical Properties:
• Solid at room temperature
- exception: Hg
• Silvery-gray
- exception: Au and Cu
• Good Conductors
• Metallic luster (shine)
• Malleable
• Ductile
Chemical Properties:
• Lose Electrons
(makes positive ion)
• Corrode easily
4
PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS
Physical Properties:
• Can be gas, solid, or liquid at
room temperature
• Come in all colors
• No metallic luster
• Poor conductors
• Brittle
• Odors or pungent
Chemical Properties:
• Tend to gain electrons
(makes negative ion)
5
METALLOIDS
• Properties and characteristics of both metals
and nonmetals
• Along the staircase/steps of the periodic table
• EXCEPT: Al, At
1) Occurrence of metals and non metals :-
• Out of the 92 naturally occuring elements 70
are metals and about 22 are nonmetals.
Some elements show properties of both
metals and non metals. They are called
metalloids.
• Only some metals like gold, silver, platinum
etc are found in the free state. Most metals
are found in the combined states as oxides,
sulphides, carbonates, silicates etc.
• Some non metals are found in the free state
like helium, neon, argon etc. and some are
found in free and combined states like
sulphur, phosphorus etc.
2) Metallurgy :-
• Metallurgy:- is science of extraction of metals from their
ores and their purification.
• Minerals:- are naturally occuring substances containing
one or more elements or their compounds.
• Ore:- is a mineral from which one or more metals can be
extracted profitably.
• Metallurgical processes:- consists of three main steps.
They are :- i) Concentration of the ore ii) Reduction
iii) Refining
• Concentration of the ore:- is the removal of impurities
from the ore.
• Reduction:- the process of obtaining the metal from its
compound.
• Refining:- is the process of purification of the impure
metals to obtain the pure metal.
3) Physical properties of metals and non metals :-
• Metals
• Metals are solids (except
mercury).
• Metals are hard (except sodium,
potassium etc.
• Metals have metallic lustre.
• Metals have high melting points
and boliling points.
• Metals are malleable ( can be
made into thin sheets).
• Metals are ductile (can be made
into thin wires).
• Metals are good conductors of
heat and electricity.
• Metals are sonorus (produces
sound).
• Non metals
• Non metals may be solids,
liquids or gases.
• Non metals which are solids are
brittle (diamond is the hardest).
• Non metals do not have lustre
some have a dull luster.
• Non metals have low melting
points.
• Non metals are not malleable.
• Non metals are not ductile.
• Non metals are bad conductors
of heat and electricity (except
graphite).
• Non metals are not sonorus.
4) Chemical properties of metals and non metals :-
a) Reaction with oxygen :-
Metals react with oxygen to form metallic oxides. These oxides are
basic oxides because they react with water to form bases.
Eg. Magnesium burns in air to form magnesium oxide. Magnesium
reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide.
2 Mg + O2 2 MgO
MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2
Non metals react with oxygen to form non metallic oxides. These
oxides are acidic oxides because they react with water to form
acids.
Eg. Sulphur burns in air to form sulphur dioxide. Sulphur dioxide
reacts with water to form sulphurous acid.
S + O2 SO2
SO2 + H2O H2SO3
b) Reaction with water :-
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen.
Eg. Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and
hydrogen.
2 Na + 2 H2O 2 Na OH + H2
Magnesium reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide and
hydrogen.
Mg + H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2
Non metals do not react with water.
c) REACTION WITH ACIDS:-
Metals react with acids to form metallic salts and hydrogen.
Eg. Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride
and hydrogen.
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Most non metals do not react with acids. Some non metals like sulphur
reacts with concentrated nitric acid to forn sulphur dioxide, nitrogen
dioxide and water.
S + 4 HNO3 SO2 + 4 NO2 +2 H2O
d) Metals replace metals :-
A more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal from its salt
solution.
Eg. Magnesium replaces copper from copper sulphate solution to
form magnesium sulphate and copper.
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
Zinc replaces copper from copper sulphate solution to for zinc
sulphate and copper.
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
Iron replaces copper from copper sulphate solution to form iron
sulphate and copper
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Based on the reactivity of metals, they can be arranged in the
decreasing order of their activity.
5) Activity series of metals :-
The arranging of metals in the decreasing order of their
reactivity is called activity series of metals.
Potassium
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium Decreasing
Zinc order of
Iron reactivity
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold
6) Noble metals :-
Metals like gold, silver, platinum etc. retain their lustre
because they do not react with air, water or acids. So
they are called noble metals.
Gold dissolves in aqua regia. Aqua regia is a mixture of
concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric
acid in the ratio 1:3.
Pure is 24 carat gold. It is very soft and cannot be used
for making ornaments. So it is mixed with some silver or
copper to make it hard.
7) Uses of metals :-
Iron :- is used for making pins, nails, nuts, bolts, tools,
machines, construction of buildings, bridges etc.
Aluminium :- is used for making utensils, wires, furniture,
parts of aircrafts, vehicles, machines, for packing food
and medicines etc.
Copper :- is used for making wires, vessels, electric
gadgets etc.
Gold :- is used for making jewellery, coins medals etc
Silver :- is used for making jewellery. Coins, medals etc.
Platinum :- is used for making jewellery, electric gadgets,
plugs in vehicles etc.
Sodium :- compounds are used as common salt,
chemicals etc.
Calcium :- compounds are used for making cement,
glass etc.
8) Uses of non metals :-
Sulphur :- is used for making sulphuric acid, salts of
metals etc.
Oxygen :- is used for respiration by living things, burning
of fuels etc.
Nitrogen :- is used for making ammonia which is used for
making fertilizers.
Hydrogen :- is used for making ammonia which is used
for making fertilizers, as fuel in rockets, for welding etc.
Chlorine :- is used to kill germs in water.
Iodine :- is used as tincture iodine which is an antiseptic.
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of a metal with other
metals or non metal.
Alloy Constituents Uses
Steel iron, carbon construction of tools, machines,
tanks, vehicles, ships, rails, building,
bridges, dams etc.
Stainless steel iron, chromium utensils, cutlery, surgical
instruments etc.
Brass copper, zinc utensils, handicrafts musical
instruments etc.
Bronze copper, tin statues, medals, bells ornaments etc.
Alnico iron, aluminium making of magnets
nickel, cobalt
Duralium aluminium, copper making utensils, pressure cookers,
magnesium, parts of vehicles, aircrafts etc.
manganese
9) Alloys :-
10) Corrosion :-
The surface of some metals gets corroded when exposed
to moist air for a long time. This is called corrosion.
Prevention of corrosion of metals :-
The corrosion of metals can be prevented by:-
i) Applying oil or grease.
ii) Applying paint
iii) Galvanisation ( coating of metals with non corrosive
metals like zinc)
iv) Electroplating ( coating of metals with non corrosive
metals like chromium tin by passing
electricity)
v) Alloying ( Eg. When iron is alloyed with chromium
and nickel, it forms stainless steel which
is resistant to corrosion)
11) Activity to show that air and water are necessary for
rusting of iron :-
Take three test tubes and put one iron nail in each. Put
some anhydrous calcium chloride in one test tube to
absorb moisture. Pour some boiled water from which
dissolved oxygen has been removed in the second test
test tube. Pour some water in the third test tube. Cork the
three test tubes and leave it for 3 – 4 days. It is seen that
the nail in the first and second test tubes have not rusted.
The nail in the third test tube has rusted.

More Related Content

Similar to metals and non metals power point presentation

CH-4 MATERIALS_ METALS AND NON METALS.pdf
CH-4 MATERIALS_ METALS AND NON METALS.pdfCH-4 MATERIALS_ METALS AND NON METALS.pdf
CH-4 MATERIALS_ METALS AND NON METALS.pdf
HANNAMARIYALEONPAULC
 
METALS AND NON-METALS PPT for class 10 t
METALS AND NON-METALS PPT for class 10 tMETALS AND NON-METALS PPT for class 10 t
METALS AND NON-METALS PPT for class 10 t
chandanmishra627282
 
ncert science class 109
ncert science class 109ncert science class 109
ncert science class 109
suneelKUMAR259
 
Properties of Metals and non Metals
Properties of Metals and non MetalsProperties of Metals and non Metals
Properties of Metals and non Metals
Doreen Mhizha
 
Metals and non metals without animatiopn
Metals and non metals without animatiopnMetals and non metals without animatiopn
Metals and non metals without animatiopn
Balendu Kumar
 
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptxMETALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
JPBRAR2
 
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt (1).pdf
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt (1).pdfMETALS AND NON-METALS.ppt (1).pdf
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt (1).pdf
krishnaparihar9
 
PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS
PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALSPROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS
PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS
M k
 
Chapter 3 Metals and non-metals
Chapter 3 Metals and non-metalsChapter 3 Metals and non-metals
Chapter 3 Metals and non-metals
S Gafoor
 
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptxMETALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
RaviPrakash855757
 
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptxMETALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
wasim960051
 
metals and non-metals
metals and non-metalsmetals and non-metals
metals and non-metals
Nishant Soni
 
Chapter 3.metals and non metals priya jha
Chapter 3.metals and non metals priya jhaChapter 3.metals and non metals priya jha
Chapter 3.metals and non metals priya jha
Priya Jha
 
3metalsandnonmetals.ppt
3metalsandnonmetals.ppt3metalsandnonmetals.ppt
3metalsandnonmetals.ppt
TariniprasadDash2
 
Metals and Non-metals plus one NIOS
Metals and Non-metals plus one NIOSMetals and Non-metals plus one NIOS
Metals and Non-metals plus one NIOS
HafizAbidHussain2
 
Metals.
Metals.Metals.
Metals.
S Gafoor
 
Metals and Non-metals revision.pptx
Metals and Non-metals revision.pptxMetals and Non-metals revision.pptx
Metals and Non-metals revision.pptx
jhansialthi
 
chem.pptx
chem.pptxchem.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS (CLASS-8,9)
METALS AND NON-METALS (CLASS-8,9)METALS AND NON-METALS (CLASS-8,9)
METALS AND NON-METALS (CLASS-8,9)
Krishnatayal2
 
Metal-and-Non-metal-10 BEST FOR CBSE STUDENTS.pptx
Metal-and-Non-metal-10 BEST FOR CBSE STUDENTS.pptxMetal-and-Non-metal-10 BEST FOR CBSE STUDENTS.pptx
Metal-and-Non-metal-10 BEST FOR CBSE STUDENTS.pptx
ravisharma1308
 

Similar to metals and non metals power point presentation (20)

CH-4 MATERIALS_ METALS AND NON METALS.pdf
CH-4 MATERIALS_ METALS AND NON METALS.pdfCH-4 MATERIALS_ METALS AND NON METALS.pdf
CH-4 MATERIALS_ METALS AND NON METALS.pdf
 
METALS AND NON-METALS PPT for class 10 t
METALS AND NON-METALS PPT for class 10 tMETALS AND NON-METALS PPT for class 10 t
METALS AND NON-METALS PPT for class 10 t
 
ncert science class 109
ncert science class 109ncert science class 109
ncert science class 109
 
Properties of Metals and non Metals
Properties of Metals and non MetalsProperties of Metals and non Metals
Properties of Metals and non Metals
 
Metals and non metals without animatiopn
Metals and non metals without animatiopnMetals and non metals without animatiopn
Metals and non metals without animatiopn
 
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptxMETALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
 
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt (1).pdf
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt (1).pdfMETALS AND NON-METALS.ppt (1).pdf
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt (1).pdf
 
PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS
PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALSPROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS
PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS
 
Chapter 3 Metals and non-metals
Chapter 3 Metals and non-metalsChapter 3 Metals and non-metals
Chapter 3 Metals and non-metals
 
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptxMETALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
 
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptxMETALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
METALS AND NON-METALS.ppt.pptx
 
metals and non-metals
metals and non-metalsmetals and non-metals
metals and non-metals
 
Chapter 3.metals and non metals priya jha
Chapter 3.metals and non metals priya jhaChapter 3.metals and non metals priya jha
Chapter 3.metals and non metals priya jha
 
3metalsandnonmetals.ppt
3metalsandnonmetals.ppt3metalsandnonmetals.ppt
3metalsandnonmetals.ppt
 
Metals and Non-metals plus one NIOS
Metals and Non-metals plus one NIOSMetals and Non-metals plus one NIOS
Metals and Non-metals plus one NIOS
 
Metals.
Metals.Metals.
Metals.
 
Metals and Non-metals revision.pptx
Metals and Non-metals revision.pptxMetals and Non-metals revision.pptx
Metals and Non-metals revision.pptx
 
chem.pptx
chem.pptxchem.pptx
chem.pptx
 
METALS AND NON-METALS (CLASS-8,9)
METALS AND NON-METALS (CLASS-8,9)METALS AND NON-METALS (CLASS-8,9)
METALS AND NON-METALS (CLASS-8,9)
 
Metal-and-Non-metal-10 BEST FOR CBSE STUDENTS.pptx
Metal-and-Non-metal-10 BEST FOR CBSE STUDENTS.pptxMetal-and-Non-metal-10 BEST FOR CBSE STUDENTS.pptx
Metal-and-Non-metal-10 BEST FOR CBSE STUDENTS.pptx
 

Recently uploaded

Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptxMale reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
suyashempire
 
23PH301 - Optics - Optical Lenses.pptx
23PH301 - Optics  -  Optical Lenses.pptx23PH301 - Optics  -  Optical Lenses.pptx
23PH301 - Optics - Optical Lenses.pptx
RDhivya6
 
Physiology of Nervous System presentation.pptx
Physiology of Nervous System presentation.pptxPhysiology of Nervous System presentation.pptx
Physiology of Nervous System presentation.pptx
fatima132662
 
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
 
IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE AND ITS BENIFITS.pptx
IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE  AND ITS BENIFITS.pptxIMPORTANCE OF ALGAE  AND ITS BENIFITS.pptx
IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE AND ITS BENIFITS.pptx
OmAle5
 
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNERandomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
University of Maribor
 
cathode ray oscilloscope and its applications
cathode ray oscilloscope and its applicationscathode ray oscilloscope and its applications
cathode ray oscilloscope and its applications
sandertein
 
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseAnti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Sérgio Sacani
 
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
vluwdy49
 
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptxIntroduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
QusayMaghayerh
 
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdfClinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
RAYMUNDONAVARROCORON
 
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
frank0071
 
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdfHUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Ritik83251
 
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of ProteinsGBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Areesha Ahmad
 
AJAY KUMAR NIET GreNo Guava Project File.pdf
AJAY KUMAR NIET GreNo Guava Project File.pdfAJAY KUMAR NIET GreNo Guava Project File.pdf
AJAY KUMAR NIET GreNo Guava Project File.pdf
AJAY KUMAR
 
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Sérgio Sacani
 
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptxfermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
ananya23nair
 
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS  DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxBIRDS  DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
goluk9330
 
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureSustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
International Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
 
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Leonel Morgado
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptxMale reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
 
23PH301 - Optics - Optical Lenses.pptx
23PH301 - Optics  -  Optical Lenses.pptx23PH301 - Optics  -  Optical Lenses.pptx
23PH301 - Optics - Optical Lenses.pptx
 
Physiology of Nervous System presentation.pptx
Physiology of Nervous System presentation.pptxPhysiology of Nervous System presentation.pptx
Physiology of Nervous System presentation.pptx
 
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
 
IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE AND ITS BENIFITS.pptx
IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE  AND ITS BENIFITS.pptxIMPORTANCE OF ALGAE  AND ITS BENIFITS.pptx
IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE AND ITS BENIFITS.pptx
 
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNERandomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
 
cathode ray oscilloscope and its applications
cathode ray oscilloscope and its applicationscathode ray oscilloscope and its applications
cathode ray oscilloscope and its applications
 
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseAnti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
 
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
 
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptxIntroduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
 
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdfClinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
 
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
 
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdfHUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
 
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of ProteinsGBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
 
AJAY KUMAR NIET GreNo Guava Project File.pdf
AJAY KUMAR NIET GreNo Guava Project File.pdfAJAY KUMAR NIET GreNo Guava Project File.pdf
AJAY KUMAR NIET GreNo Guava Project File.pdf
 
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
 
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptxfermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
 
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS  DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxBIRDS  DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
 
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureSustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
 
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
 

metals and non metals power point presentation

  • 1. CHAPTER - 4 MATERIALS : METALS AND NON METALS
  • 2. 2 There is a zig-zag or staircase line that divides the table. Metals are on the left of the line, in blue. Nonmetals are on the right of the line, in orange.
  • 3. 3 PROPERTIES OF METALS Physical Properties: • Solid at room temperature - exception: Hg • Silvery-gray - exception: Au and Cu • Good Conductors • Metallic luster (shine) • Malleable • Ductile Chemical Properties: • Lose Electrons (makes positive ion) • Corrode easily
  • 4. 4 PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS Physical Properties: • Can be gas, solid, or liquid at room temperature • Come in all colors • No metallic luster • Poor conductors • Brittle • Odors or pungent Chemical Properties: • Tend to gain electrons (makes negative ion)
  • 5. 5 METALLOIDS • Properties and characteristics of both metals and nonmetals • Along the staircase/steps of the periodic table • EXCEPT: Al, At
  • 6. 1) Occurrence of metals and non metals :- • Out of the 92 naturally occuring elements 70 are metals and about 22 are nonmetals. Some elements show properties of both metals and non metals. They are called metalloids. • Only some metals like gold, silver, platinum etc are found in the free state. Most metals are found in the combined states as oxides, sulphides, carbonates, silicates etc. • Some non metals are found in the free state like helium, neon, argon etc. and some are found in free and combined states like sulphur, phosphorus etc.
  • 7. 2) Metallurgy :- • Metallurgy:- is science of extraction of metals from their ores and their purification. • Minerals:- are naturally occuring substances containing one or more elements or their compounds. • Ore:- is a mineral from which one or more metals can be extracted profitably. • Metallurgical processes:- consists of three main steps. They are :- i) Concentration of the ore ii) Reduction iii) Refining • Concentration of the ore:- is the removal of impurities from the ore. • Reduction:- the process of obtaining the metal from its compound. • Refining:- is the process of purification of the impure metals to obtain the pure metal.
  • 8. 3) Physical properties of metals and non metals :- • Metals • Metals are solids (except mercury). • Metals are hard (except sodium, potassium etc. • Metals have metallic lustre. • Metals have high melting points and boliling points. • Metals are malleable ( can be made into thin sheets). • Metals are ductile (can be made into thin wires). • Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. • Metals are sonorus (produces sound). • Non metals • Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases. • Non metals which are solids are brittle (diamond is the hardest). • Non metals do not have lustre some have a dull luster. • Non metals have low melting points. • Non metals are not malleable. • Non metals are not ductile. • Non metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (except graphite). • Non metals are not sonorus.
  • 9. 4) Chemical properties of metals and non metals :- a) Reaction with oxygen :- Metals react with oxygen to form metallic oxides. These oxides are basic oxides because they react with water to form bases. Eg. Magnesium burns in air to form magnesium oxide. Magnesium reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide. 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2 Non metals react with oxygen to form non metallic oxides. These oxides are acidic oxides because they react with water to form acids. Eg. Sulphur burns in air to form sulphur dioxide. Sulphur dioxide reacts with water to form sulphurous acid. S + O2 SO2 SO2 + H2O H2SO3
  • 10. b) Reaction with water :- Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen. Eg. Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. 2 Na + 2 H2O 2 Na OH + H2 Magnesium reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen. Mg + H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2 Non metals do not react with water. c) REACTION WITH ACIDS:- Metals react with acids to form metallic salts and hydrogen. Eg. Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen. Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Most non metals do not react with acids. Some non metals like sulphur reacts with concentrated nitric acid to forn sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and water. S + 4 HNO3 SO2 + 4 NO2 +2 H2O
  • 11. d) Metals replace metals :- A more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. Eg. Magnesium replaces copper from copper sulphate solution to form magnesium sulphate and copper. Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu Zinc replaces copper from copper sulphate solution to for zinc sulphate and copper. Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu Iron replaces copper from copper sulphate solution to form iron sulphate and copper Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Based on the reactivity of metals, they can be arranged in the decreasing order of their activity.
  • 12. 5) Activity series of metals :- The arranging of metals in the decreasing order of their reactivity is called activity series of metals. Potassium Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Decreasing Zinc order of Iron reactivity Lead Copper Silver Gold
  • 13. 6) Noble metals :- Metals like gold, silver, platinum etc. retain their lustre because they do not react with air, water or acids. So they are called noble metals. Gold dissolves in aqua regia. Aqua regia is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid in the ratio 1:3. Pure is 24 carat gold. It is very soft and cannot be used for making ornaments. So it is mixed with some silver or copper to make it hard.
  • 14. 7) Uses of metals :- Iron :- is used for making pins, nails, nuts, bolts, tools, machines, construction of buildings, bridges etc. Aluminium :- is used for making utensils, wires, furniture, parts of aircrafts, vehicles, machines, for packing food and medicines etc. Copper :- is used for making wires, vessels, electric gadgets etc. Gold :- is used for making jewellery, coins medals etc Silver :- is used for making jewellery. Coins, medals etc. Platinum :- is used for making jewellery, electric gadgets, plugs in vehicles etc. Sodium :- compounds are used as common salt, chemicals etc. Calcium :- compounds are used for making cement, glass etc.
  • 15. 8) Uses of non metals :- Sulphur :- is used for making sulphuric acid, salts of metals etc. Oxygen :- is used for respiration by living things, burning of fuels etc. Nitrogen :- is used for making ammonia which is used for making fertilizers. Hydrogen :- is used for making ammonia which is used for making fertilizers, as fuel in rockets, for welding etc. Chlorine :- is used to kill germs in water. Iodine :- is used as tincture iodine which is an antiseptic.
  • 16. An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of a metal with other metals or non metal. Alloy Constituents Uses Steel iron, carbon construction of tools, machines, tanks, vehicles, ships, rails, building, bridges, dams etc. Stainless steel iron, chromium utensils, cutlery, surgical instruments etc. Brass copper, zinc utensils, handicrafts musical instruments etc. Bronze copper, tin statues, medals, bells ornaments etc. Alnico iron, aluminium making of magnets nickel, cobalt Duralium aluminium, copper making utensils, pressure cookers, magnesium, parts of vehicles, aircrafts etc. manganese 9) Alloys :-
  • 17. 10) Corrosion :- The surface of some metals gets corroded when exposed to moist air for a long time. This is called corrosion. Prevention of corrosion of metals :- The corrosion of metals can be prevented by:- i) Applying oil or grease. ii) Applying paint iii) Galvanisation ( coating of metals with non corrosive metals like zinc) iv) Electroplating ( coating of metals with non corrosive metals like chromium tin by passing electricity) v) Alloying ( Eg. When iron is alloyed with chromium and nickel, it forms stainless steel which is resistant to corrosion)
  • 18. 11) Activity to show that air and water are necessary for rusting of iron :- Take three test tubes and put one iron nail in each. Put some anhydrous calcium chloride in one test tube to absorb moisture. Pour some boiled water from which dissolved oxygen has been removed in the second test test tube. Pour some water in the third test tube. Cork the three test tubes and leave it for 3 – 4 days. It is seen that the nail in the first and second test tubes have not rusted. The nail in the third test tube has rusted.