This document discusses various electrophysiological agents that can be used in sports rehabilitation including cryotherapy, superficial cold modalities, superficial heat modalities, ultrasound, TENS, interferential stimulation, and laser therapy. Cryotherapy can reduce pain and swelling from acute injuries by reducing metabolic rate and inducing vasoconstriction. Superficial cold modalities like ice packs, ice water immersion, and ice massage are indicated for muscle spasm, acute injuries, and inflammation. Superficial heat increases blood flow and can be used to warm up muscles before activity or provide pain relief. Ultrasound and laser therapy can provide thermal and non-thermal effects for pain relief but evidence for their use is limited. TENS and interferential stimulation
Introduction to muscle energy techniques (METs)Fared Alkordi
The use of Muscle Energy Techniques (METs) to reduce muscle pain and improve muscle length. Types, physiological mechanisms and practical techniques in clinical settings.
Myofascial release refers to the manual
technique for stretching the fascia and
releasing bonds between fascia and
Lintegument, musles,and bones, with the goal of
eliminating pain, increasing range of motion
and balancing the body.
Basic Introduction about Joint Mobilisation and Manipulation, This article gives clear notes for the students to understand the Mobilisation techniques.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
Introduction to muscle energy techniques (METs)Fared Alkordi
The use of Muscle Energy Techniques (METs) to reduce muscle pain and improve muscle length. Types, physiological mechanisms and practical techniques in clinical settings.
Myofascial release refers to the manual
technique for stretching the fascia and
releasing bonds between fascia and
Lintegument, musles,and bones, with the goal of
eliminating pain, increasing range of motion
and balancing the body.
Basic Introduction about Joint Mobilisation and Manipulation, This article gives clear notes for the students to understand the Mobilisation techniques.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
Muscle energy technique, a manual therapy technique with a long term history and 8 variations which can be used in various condition to treat muscle as well as joints. This slide show consists of detailed history, variations/types and summary of MET in detail.
Presentation slides from our recent workshop on Myofascial Release. This workshop was delivered from our St John Street Clinic in Manchester on Saturday 17th March.
There are evidence in History of treatment by Passive stretching techniques.
Over past 30-40 years many therapists have worked to identify and learn the techniques which are are more suitable and effective for the patient’s problem.
Joint mobilisations and manipulations techniques are used to safely stretch or snap structures to restore normal joint mechanics with less trauma.
Muscle energy technique, a manual therapy technique with a long term history and 8 variations which can be used in various condition to treat muscle as well as joints. This slide show consists of detailed history, variations/types and summary of MET in detail.
Presentation slides from our recent workshop on Myofascial Release. This workshop was delivered from our St John Street Clinic in Manchester on Saturday 17th March.
There are evidence in History of treatment by Passive stretching techniques.
Over past 30-40 years many therapists have worked to identify and learn the techniques which are are more suitable and effective for the patient’s problem.
Joint mobilisations and manipulations techniques are used to safely stretch or snap structures to restore normal joint mechanics with less trauma.
this ppt material is about physiotherapy techniques in animal, this is all about how we can aid our pets with physiotherapy treatment for their wealth.
INTRODUCTION, SOURCES OF IRR, TYPES OF IRR, PRODUCTION OF IRR, NON LUMINOUS LAMP, LUMINOUS LAMP, ABSORPTION & PENETRATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS, CHOICE OF LAMPS, DANGERS, CONTRAINDICATIONS,
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
2. CRYOTHERAPY
Application of ice immediately following acute injury
will –
a. Reduce sharp pain directly ( Aδ conduction block
by hypothermia) & indirectly ( reduced activation
of type C fibres due to decreased rate of
production of chemical irritants.)
b. Reduce cell death caused by primary injury,
secondary hypoxia & post traumatic enzyme
activity by reducing the local metabolic rate.
c. Decrease swelling/ bleeding by causing local
vasoconstriction.
3. INDICATIONS –
a. Muscle spasm.
b. Trigger point pain.
c. Acute swelling/ edema.
d. Inflammation.
e. Heat illness.
f. Contusion.( eg. Cork thigh)
g. Acute injuries.
CONTRAINDICATION –
a. Cold hypersensitivity.
b. Raynauds disease.
c. Circulatory insufficiency.
DANGER –
Ice burn.
SUPERFICIAL COLD
MODALITIES
1. Reusable cold packs
(≤ 15⁰) (20-30 min)
1. Endothermal cold packs.
(20⁰)(15-20 min)
2. Crushed ice bags. (0⁰)
(5-15 min)
3. Vapulocoolant spray.
(varies)
4. Ice water immersion (0⁰)
(5-10min)
5. Ice massage (0⁰)(5-10
min)
6. Refrigerant inflatable
bladders(10-25⁰)
4. SUPERFICIAL HEAT
It increases local blood supply & metabolic activity.
Can be used as a warm up prior to physical activity, as
rise in temperature induces muscle relaxation & thereby
increases its efficiency.
Provides pain relief.
INDICATIONS –
a. Muscle spasm.
b. Chronic pain & swelling.
CONTAINDICATION –
a. Circulatory problems.
b. Heat injury.
c. Hyper oe hypo sensitivity to heat.
5. DANGER –
a. Increased bleeding and swelling ( if used in first
48 hrs after acute injury).
b. Burns.
CONTRAST BATH –
The alternating heat and cold creates a
mechanical force to reduce swelling.
End with cold bath to encourage vasoconstriction.
SUPERFICIAL HEAT MODALITIES
a. Heat packs (149⁰) (5 min)
b. Fluidotherapy (35⁰ – 45⁰) (10 – 30 min).
c. Hydrotherapy ( 35- 45) (10- 20 min).
d. Radiant heat. ( upto 10 min).
6. ULTRASOUND
THERMAL EFFECTS –
a. Increased cellular metabolism.
b. Increased extensibility of connective tissue.
c. Decreases pain.
NON THERMAL EFFECTS –
a. Micro massage.
b. Increases cell permeability.
INDICATIONS –
Evidences supporting ultrasound treatment on overuse
soft tissue injuries (tendinopathies), shoulder pain, low
back pain, patellofemoral pain are little, poorly
designed and reported. Therefore it is difficult to make
conclusions regarding their efficacy .
7. The clinical effect of phonophoresis in combination with
a analgesic or anti inflammatory is unknown.
LIPUS ( Low intensity pulsed ultrasound )
1. ( < 0.1 W/cm2)
2. Used to treat acute and non united fractures.
3. Stationary treatment head over the fracture site for 20 min
everyday.
4. Low intensity therefore no risk of tissue damage.
5. Significant reduction in healing time, therefore time to
return to sports has been reported in case reports.
8. TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION
Two types used;
• conventional TENS(high frequency low intensity) – fast pain
relief , short lasting.
• Accupuncture TENS(low frequency high intensity) – latent
pain relief, long lasting.
o INDICATIONS –
a. Acute pain & chronic pain.
b. Muscle spasm
c. Muscle re education – accupuncture tens.
d. Trigger points.
CONTRAINDICATIONS –
a. Carotid sinus.
b. Pacemaker.
