1. The cardiovascular system undergoes several age-related changes that affect the body's physiology in elderly people. This includes increased thickening and stiffness of blood vessels, endothelial damage reducing nitric oxide production, and changes to junctional tissues reducing conduction abilities.
2. These structural changes, along with other risk factors, lead to physiological changes like elevated blood pressure, reduced cardiac output, decreased aerobic capacity and oxygen exchange at tissues. As a result, elderly individuals more easily experience breathlessness during physical exertion.
3. The respiratory system also exhibits age-related changes that increase the work of breathing and decrease lung function parameters, further contributing to breathlessness in the elderly.
PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING PROCESS, CONCEPTS OF AGING PROBLEMS WITH NORMAL AGING, AGEING PROCESS PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING, PROBLEMS IN OLD AGE, USUAL TO SUCCESSFUL AGING
PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING PROCESS, CONCEPTS OF AGING PROBLEMS WITH NORMAL AGING, AGEING PROCESS PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING, PROBLEMS IN OLD AGE, USUAL TO SUCCESSFUL AGING
Geriatric nursing is the specialty that concerns itself with the provision of nursing services to geriatric or aged individuals.
Aging can be defined as the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility.
Aging process is the process of growing old or developing the appearance and characteristics of old age.
The theories of aging are classified into -
Biologic theories
Psychosocial theories
Developmental theories
Exercise Prescription for Cardiac Patientsnihal Ashraf
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. (WHO., 2003)
Cardiac rehabilitation is the process of restoring psychological, physical and social function in the people with manifestations of coronary artery disease( CAD).
Author: Brent C. Williams, M.D., M.P.H., 2009
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 3.0 License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Geriatric nursing is the specialty that concerns itself with the provision of nursing services to geriatric or aged individuals.
Aging can be defined as the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility.
Aging process is the process of growing old or developing the appearance and characteristics of old age.
The theories of aging are classified into -
Biologic theories
Psychosocial theories
Developmental theories
Exercise Prescription for Cardiac Patientsnihal Ashraf
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. (WHO., 2003)
Cardiac rehabilitation is the process of restoring psychological, physical and social function in the people with manifestations of coronary artery disease( CAD).
Author: Brent C. Williams, M.D., M.P.H., 2009
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 3.0 License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
heart failure (HF) is a syndrome of ventricular dysfunction. Left ventricular failure causes shortness of breath and fatigue, and right ventricular failure causes peripheral and abdominal fluid accumulation; the ventricles can be involved together or separately. Diagnosis is initially clinical, supported by chest x-ray, echocardiography, and levels of plasma natriuretic peptides. Treatment includes patient education, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, neprilysin inhibitors, specialized implantable pacemakers/defibrillators and other devices, and correction of the cause(s) of the HF syndrome.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Basic phrases for greeting and assisting costumers
Age Related Changes in Cardiovascular System
1. AGE RELATED CHANGES IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
SHRUTI.DHOKPATIL
AKHILA. NATESAN
2. BREATHLESSNESS
DIFFICULTY IN WALKING FAST, CLIMBING
STAIRS
DIFFICULTY IN ACCOMPLISHING THEIR
DAILY ACTIVITIES
HYPERTENSION, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
ASTHMA, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE.
8.5 CRORE
ELDERLY
PEOPLE IN
INDIA
3. OBJECTIVES:
1. The age related changes in the cardiovascular system in elderly
2. The effects on the body physiology in elderly
Though, the biological decline of elderly, majorly is genetic ( aging ) basis, but the other half can be
attributed to the sedentary lifestyle coupled with inadequate nutrient intake, excess body weight
(which predisposes toward disease), and variables such as smoking and excessive alcohol intake.
5. CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES :
INCREASED WALL THICKENING AND STIFFFNESS OF VESSELS
• Major structural changes of wall thickening in tunic media and intima.
•Increased collagen, atrophy of elastin , hyperlipidemia and increased blood viscosity causing
increase in risk of atheroma formation.
• Calcification commonly seen in arch of aorta causing decrease in aortic compliance.
ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE
With age, there is reduction in amount of nitric oxide( NO) produced by endothelial cells. Nitric
oxide is produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthatase, which is active and regulated by
intracellular concentration on calcium.
NO is potent vasodilator, hence reduction in its production or its bioavailability (which generally
occurs with aging) causes vasoconstriction.
All these vascular changes have a direct impact on –
1. Baroreceptor reflex – decrease in ability of calcific vessels to transduce changes in pressure.
2. Increase in Systolic BP.
6. JUNCTIONAL
TISSUES
•10% of pacemaker cells
decline by 60 yrs of age.
•Density of distal
conduction fibres of LBB
reduces.
•Deposition of adipose
in interatrial septum
displaces conduction
tissue in SA node.
•ANS innervation & β
sensitiveness declines.
•Vagal tone decreases.
7. All above mentioned changes (STRUCTURAL CHANGES) +
Pre-existing Hypertension, atherosclerosis, previous history of coronary artery
disease, family history, diabetes, alcohol, tobacco, smoking.
•Elevated systolic blood pressure , widening of pulse pressure,
•Reduction in early diastolic filling with reduced CARDIAC OUTPUT,
• Heart rate decreases linearly with age (220- age).
DECREASE IN AEROBIC CAPACITY ( By age of 65, aerobic capacity is 30-40% of young
adult)
DECREASE IN PROPER EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS AT THE TISSUE LEVEL ,
REDUCED ARTERIOVENOUS UPTAKE OF OXYGEN.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
8. HR max = 220- age ……………
age predicted heart rate
HR max = 206.9 – ( 0.67 * age)
( ACSM)
VO2 MAX ( MAXIMAL OXYGEN
CONSUMPTION / MAXIMAL
AEROBIC CAPACITY ) : It is the
maximum rate of oxygen
consumption measured during
exercise.
VO2 max decreases @ 4
ml/kg/min/decade.
When performing daily activities or
walking upstairs , or while performing
exercises , because of the reduced cardiac
output and a comparatively increased
demand of oxygen delivery to accomplish
a certain task ( activity) . There is
mismatch of oxygen delivery and supply ,
thus reduced oxygen extraction and utility
at the tissue level, hence the individual
starts feeling breathless.
FICK’S EQUATION
VO2 max= Q x ( CaO2- CvO2)
Where Q is the cardiac output of the heart,
CaO2 is the arterial oxygen content
CvO2 is the venous oxygen content
9. AGE RELATED
CHANGES IN
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
CONDUCTING AIRWAYS –
•Rigidity of trachea & bronchi
due to calcification.
•Elasticity reduces of the
respiratory unit.
•Cilia decreases is number but
mucous gland cells increase
thus narrowing the lumen.
10. Due to above mentioned STRUCTURAL changes
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
•Work of breathing increase.
•FVC & FEV₁ decreases.
•RV & FRC increases.
•Use of accessory muscles of breathing.
11. REFERENCES
1.Principles and practice of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy; 3 rd edition. Donna Frownfelter,
Elizabeth Dean .
2. Physiotherapy in community health and rehabilitation ; Waqar Naqvi.
3. Effect of ageing on blooad and plasma viscosity; Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation,
2011 ; Carolo C et al.
4. http.clinicalgate.com.
