Electric Motor
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Electric motors work by converting electrical energy into mechanical motion or power. They operate based on the principle that a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force. The main components of an electric motor include an armature coil, magnets, a commutator, and brushes. As current passes through the armature coil, the magnetic field causes it to rotate. There are several types of electric motors, including DC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors. Electric motors have a wide variety of uses and can be found in appliances, vehicles, machinery, and more.
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Electric generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the process of electromagnetic induction. They have two main parts - a coil and a magnet. When the coil rotates in the magnetic field, it cuts magnetic flux and induces an electric current in the coil. Generators can produce direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) and come in various types depending on their application, such as standby, portable, or commercial generators that provide backup power. The main uses of electric generators are to provide electric power for vehicles, buildings, and power grids.
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Magnetism and electromagnetism are related phenomena that can be used to generate electricity. Electric motors, generators and their controls rely on these principles. Motors use electromagnetic induction to convert electrical energy to mechanical motion, while generators operate in reverse to convert mechanical energy to electricity. Key components include magnetic fields, conductors, and switching devices that regulate current flow to produce rotation or induce voltage. Motors and generators are found in electric, hybrid and mild hybrid vehicle propulsion systems.
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This document summarizes the components and working of a simple AC generator. It consists of a field magnet that produces a magnetic field, an armature coil that rotates in this field, slip rings to carry the changing current from the rotating coil, and brushes that transfer this current to an external circuit. As the coil rotates, it cuts the magnetic flux which induces an electromotive force based on Faraday's law of induction, causing an alternating current to be generated. Some applications of AC generators include charging batteries in vehicles, powering diesel locomotives, and generating electricity on boats.
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1. When a current-carrying wire passes through a magnetic field perpendicular to it, the wire experiences a force perpendicular to both the wire and the magnetic field. Reversing either the current or the magnetic field reverses the direction of the force.
2. A coil carrying a current in a magnetic field experiences a turning force due to the interaction between the magnetic fields. In a DC motor, this principle is used to convert electrical energy to mechanical motion as the turning coil is connected to a power source via a split-ring commutator.
3. The split-ring commutator continuously reverses the current in the coil to keep it turning in one direction. The coil is wound around a soft iron
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A DC motor uses direct current as a power source and consists of components like a split ring commutator, permanent magnet, and brushes to convert electrical energy into rotational mechanical energy. An AC motor uses an alternating current power source and a slip ring commutator to allow the current direction in its coils to change, enabling the rotor to rotate continuously in one direction within a magnetic field. Both motor types convert input electrical power to output rotational motion but differ in their power sources and commutation methods.
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This document provides an introduction to the polarity of molecules. It defines key terms like electronegativity and discusses how the polarity of bonds and molecular geometry determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar. The document explains that covalent compounds can be polar or non-polar depending on the difference in electronegativity between the atoms, while ionic compounds are always polar due to the transfer of electrons between atoms. Examples of polar and non-polar molecules are given to illustrate these concepts.
Lesson 1: Functions as Models
The document provides an overview of key concepts about functions for senior high school mathematics. It discusses representing real-life situations using functions, including piecewise functions. Different ways of representing functions are presented, such as graphs. Examples of relating scenarios to the independent and dependent variables of a function are given. The document also demonstrates representing real-life situations as mathematical function models and provides sample problems about piecewise functions.
Chapter 2.2: Solutions and Their Properties (Solution Stoichiometry)
The document outlines topics covered in General Chemistry II for week 4, including:
1) Expressing concentration of solutions using various units
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It then provides examples of stoichiometric calculations involving reactions in aqueous solution, determining the amounts of reactants and products based on the amounts given of one substance.
Chapter 2.1 Solutions and Their Properties
This document provides an overview of key topics in General Chemistry II to be covered in weeks 3-4. These include:
1) Expressing the concentration of solutions using various units like percent by mass, molarity, molality, etc.
2) Performing stoichiometric calculations for reactions in solution.
3) Describing how concentration affects colligative properties of solutions.
4) Differentiating colligative properties of nonelectrolyte and electrolyte solutions.
5) Calculating properties like boiling point elevation and freezing point depression from concentration.
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 - UNIT 1: Lesson 1-4
STEM 11 - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Lesson 1: Matter and its Properties
Lesson 2: Measurements
Lesson 3: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
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Lesson 6: Genetic Engineering
This document discusses genetic engineering techniques such as molecular cloning and methods to introduce DNA into cells. It compares classical breeding to genetic engineering and describes how genetically modified organisms are created by inserting recombinant DNA into host organisms using techniques like biolistics, heat shock treatment, or electroporation. Examples of GMOs discussed include Flavr-Savr tomatoes and Bt-corn. While GMOs may increase crop yields, some have safety concerns about long term effects.
General Biology 2 - Lesson 1: Pedigree Analysis
This document provides definitions and explanations of key genetics concepts including:
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2. A proband is the individual in a pedigree that prompted its construction.
3. Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment describe how alleles separate and assort independently during gamete formation and fertilization.
General Biology 1- Lesson 3: Structure and Functions of Animal Tissues and Ce...
The document discusses the four main types of animal tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. It describes the function and types of each tissue. The document also discusses some ways cells can modify themselves to carry out specialized functions, including through flagella, cilia, microvilli, and pseudopodia. These cell modifications allow cells to move, detect chemicals and smells, absorb nutrients, and change shape for motility and ingestion. Overall, the document provides an overview of the classification and functions of major animal tissues and some examples of how cells can modify themselves for specialized roles.
General Biology 1 - Lesson 2 Classification of Cell
This document provides an overview of cell classification, including:
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2. Plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells lack these features. Unicellular organisms like amoebas are single-celled, while multicellular organisms have cells that work together to form tissues and organs.
General Biology 1 - Lesson 1: Cell (structure,function, and theory)
This document provides an overview of a General Biology 1 subject that covers cell biology. It discusses the cell theory, structures and functions of the cell and its organelles including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, endomembranes, mitochondria, chloroplasts and more. The key topics are life at the cellular level, cellular transport mechanisms, biological molecules, and cellular energy transformation through processes like photosynthesis and respiration. The document includes lesson objectives, content, performance tasks and rubrics for assessing student understanding of cellular biology concepts.
General Chemistry 2 - Chapter 1: The Kinetic Molecular Model and Intermolecul...
The document discusses the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the kinetic molecular theory. It explains that in solids, particles are closely packed together in an ordered structure, while in liquids they are more spaced out but still in contact with each other. Liquids have stronger intermolecular forces than gases but weaker than solids. The document also discusses different types of intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, and dispersion forces, and how these forces influence properties like boiling point, surface tension, and viscosity.
Current Meters
1. Current meters measure the velocity of fluid flow using various mechanical, electrical, or optical methods.
2. The most commonly used current meters for irrigation and watershed measurements are anemometer and propeller types, which measure velocity using rotating cups or propellers.
3. However, electromagnetic current meters that produce voltage proportional to flow velocity are also widely used, especially by water districts, as they provide direct analog readings without moving parts.
El Filibusterismo (NEW)
- Rizal took 3 years to write his second novel El Filibusterismo, completing it in 1891 in Belgium.
- The novel is a sequel to Rizal's first book Noli Me Tangere and follows the return of the protagonist Crisostomo Ibarra under the disguise of the wealthy jeweler Simoun, as he seeks revenge against the Spanish for their abuses through a violent revolution.
- The book explores themes of religion, corruption in the Philippine government under Spanish colonial rule, and the suffering of the Filipino people.
Rubrics for 3D Atomic Model Project
This document provides a rubric for evaluating 3D atomic model projects created by students using Bhor's atomic model. The rubric assesses students on accuracy of the atomic model, creativity, design/materials used, and labeling. For an accurate model, the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons must match the assigned element. Creativity is judged based on uniqueness of design. Design and materials are evaluated on appropriateness and quality of construction. Labels on the model and information card must include the element name, symbol, atomic number, and mass.
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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Electric Motor
- 2. Content : Electric Introduction Principle Construction Working Types of electric motor Uses of electric motor Motor • • • • • •
- 3. ity into What is an Electric Motor ?? The first electric motor was invented by William• Sturgeon in 1832. and successful 1873 A machine that converts electric to one was done in • mechanical energy or motion. • An electric motor is a type of prime mover for a mechanical system. •Today, electric motors can be found in a variety appliances including industrial fans, blowers, machine tools, and household appliances.
- 4. Principle of an Electric Motor • Electric motor works on the principle that a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force.
- 5. Construction of an Electric Motor Armature coil : A large number of turns of insulated copper wire wound on iron core in rectangular shape forms an armature coil ABCD . Strong magnet : The armature coil is placed in between two pole pieces (N and S) of a strong magnet. This provides a strong magnetic field. Split ring commutator : It consist of two halves (R1 and R2) of a metallic ring. The ends of the armature coil are connected to direction of current in the armature coil. Brushes : Two carbon brushes B1 and B2 are used to press the commutator. Battery : The battery supplies the current to the armature coil. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
- 7. Working of the electric motor: When current is passed through the coil ABCD, arms AB and CD experience force. According to fleming’s left hand rule the force experienced by arm AB is in the downward direction and arm CD in the upward direction. Both these forces are equal and opposite. This force rotates the coil in clockwise direction until the coil is vertical. At this position, the contact between commutator and brushes break. So the supply to the coil is cut off. Thus no force acts on the coil. But the coil does not stop due to inertia. It goes on rotating until the commutator again comes in contact with the brushes B1 and B2. Again the current starts passing through coil and the arm AB rotates through 900, 1800, 2700 and 360 degrees. Now the force acting on arm AB is downward and CD is upward. Again this force moves the coil in clockwise direction. Thus, the coil rotates with the help of electrical energy. The coil of DC motor continues to rotate in the same direction.
- 8. Types of Electric Motor
- 9. Types of Motors DC Motors: •An electric motor that runs on direct current electricity is known as a DC motor •DC motors can run directly on rechargeable batteries making them more portable to use. •Two main types of DC motors are Brush DC & Brushless DC motor •Brush DC motor uses and internal powers supply with stationary magnets, while Brushless DC motors use rotation permanent magnet
- 10. Types of Motors Stepper Motors •A stepper motor is a brushless DC motor that drives full rotation into multiple steps •The motor's position can move and hold at one of these steps without any feedback sensor •Stepper motors are used in Floppy disk drives, plotters, CD ROMs, scanners and many other appliances.
- 11. Types of Motors Servo Motors •Servo motors are used in servomechanisms. •A Servomechanism is an automatic device that uses error sensing to improve machine performance. •Servo Motors are capable of producing 8,000 to 70,000 RPMs for high torque requirements in special design Applications.
- 12. Uses of Electric Motor Motors have a wide variety of uses and are found in cars, clocks, drills, fans, fridges, hair dryers, toothbrushes, vacuum cleaners, water pumps (for fish tanks, central heating, fire fighting) washing machines, hard disk drives, DVD players, electric vehicles and industrial equipment including extruders, fork-lift trucks, lathes, mills, hoists, robots and winches. •