Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface.
Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land.
Seawater:
High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure.
Why is Ocean Circulation Important?
•Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions.
•The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity
•ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another.
•in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms
Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface.
Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land.
Seawater:
High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure.
Why is Ocean Circulation Important?
•Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions.
•The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity
•ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another.
•in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms
El Niño is a naturally occurring event in the equatorial region which causes temporary changes in the world climate.
Originally, El Niño was the name used for warmer than normal sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
Now, El Niño has come to refer to a whole complex of Pacific Ocean sea-surface temperature changes and global weather events.
The ocean warming off South America is just one of these events.
Oceanography is the science that studies the oceans along with marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics, ocean currents and waves, plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor, and the chemical substances and physical properties of the world oceans.
This PowerPoint presentation will tell you about the El Nino, its causes and its impact on the different region of earth including case study of El Nino that occured in 1982-83.
El Niño is a naturally occurring event in the equatorial region which causes temporary changes in the world climate.
Originally, El Niño was the name used for warmer than normal sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
Now, El Niño has come to refer to a whole complex of Pacific Ocean sea-surface temperature changes and global weather events.
The ocean warming off South America is just one of these events.
Oceanography is the science that studies the oceans along with marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics, ocean currents and waves, plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor, and the chemical substances and physical properties of the world oceans.
This PowerPoint presentation will tell you about the El Nino, its causes and its impact on the different region of earth including case study of El Nino that occured in 1982-83.
(3) References for el nino cause and effects essayBelow are 3 fu.docxkatherncarlyle
(3) References for el nino cause and effects essay
Below are 3 full text sources from Proquest data base to be used for this essay. Please use in text citations in the body of the essay and create a works cited section at the end of the essay. I have already cited each source for you at the beginning of each source above the title (see below).
Perera, J. (1997, Dec 26). EL NINO - THE GLOBAL WEATHER PHENOMENON. Inter Press Service Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/446072605?accountid=8289
EL NINO - THE GLOBAL WEATHER PHENOMENON
LONDON, Dec. 26 (IPS) -- In March 1997, sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean began increasing -- the beginning of the "El Nino" weather system that, linked with the so-called "Southern Oscillation," has become notorious its global effects.
The El Nino of 1982-83 caused severe flooding and weather damage in Latin America as well as drought in parts of Asia. The last event, in 1991-92 brought severe drought to Southern Africa.
This year's El Nino is regarded by various experts as one of the most severe this century with record Pacific surface temperatures.
It is expected to continue well into 1998.
El Nino was the name given by the fishermen of northern Peru during the 19th century to describe the flow ofwarm equatorial waters southward around Christmas time. Normally the waters were cold and flowed from south to north.
But periodically the waters would reverse their flow and become warm. This caused the fish food chain to collapse as the warm current blocked the nutrient-rich cold water that rises from the bottom of the ocean. The fish died or moved away and catches would fall. This usually reached its peak around Christmas holiday, and the sailors named it "El Nino" (the Christ Child).
However, Peruvian scientists later linked more intense changes that took place every few years with catastrophic seasonal flooding along the normally arid coast.
At the beginning of the 20th century, British climatologist Gilbert Walker, head of the Indian Meteorological Service, began to investigate connections between the Asian monsoon and other climatic changes. He had been asked in 1904 to find a way to predict the pattern of India's monsoons after an 1899 famine caused by monsoon failure.
Unaware of El Nino, he discovered a periodic fluctuation of atmospheric pressure over the tropical Indo-Pacific region, which he called the Southern Oscillation (SO). When rainfall was sparse over northern Australia and Indonesia, pressure in that region was unusually high and wind patterns were changed.
At the same time, pressures were unusually low in the eastern South Pacific. Walker devised a "Southern Oscillation Index" (SOI), based on pressure differences between the two regions (east minus west) and in papers published during the 1920s and 1930s, he presented evidence for worldwide climatic changes associated with the SOI pressure "seesaw."
In the 1950s, the low-phase years of the SOI were found to corresponded ...
A guide to prepare for unit 2.6: The Oceans - Environmental Management syllabus 5014. The pictorial content will help understand the Ocean floor topography, Ocean Currents, and El-Nino phenomenon
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
1. Welcome to Our Presentation
Presentation Topic: El Nino-Southern
Oscillation
Presented by Al-Nure Mubin
2. El Nino-Southern Oscillation Cycle:
✔ The ENSO cycle is a scientific term that describes the fluctuations
in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the east-
central Equatorial Pacific.
✔ It is an irregular periodic version in winds and sea surface
temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific ocean.
✔ It is a large scale climatic phenomenon that affects the global
climatic pattern.
2
3. El Nino-Southern Oscillation Cycle:
✔ The term ENSO is the combination of-
1. El-Nino and
2. La Nina
✔ El Niño and La Niña episodes typically last nine to 12 months, but some
prolonged events may last for years. They often begin to form between
June and August, reach peak strength between December and April, and
then decay between May and July of the following year.
3
5. What is El Nino:
✔ El Niño means The Little Boy, or Christ Child in Spanish and it is the
Warm phase of ENSO.
✔ El Niño was originally recognized by fishermen off the coast of South
America in the 1600s, with the appearance of unusually warm water in
the Pacific Ocean.
✔ The term El Niño refers to the large-scale oceanatmosphere climate
interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures
across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific. 5
6. “
6
El Nino is a climatic pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface
waters along the tropical west coast of South America. The diagram illustrates
the eastward movement of winds across the Pacific in Red.
8. 8
Signs of an El Nino:
1. Rise in air pressure in the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, and Australia.
2. A fall in air pressure over Tahiti and the rest of central and eastern Pacific
Ocean.
3. The trade winds in the South Pacific weakened or headed east.
4. Warm air rises in Peru and other regions of South America.
5. Warm water spreads from the West Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the East
Pacific. It takes the rain with it, causing rainfall in normally dry areas and
drought in normally wet areas.
9. 9
The Effects of El Nino:
Wet Winter in South East
USA
Drought in Australia and
Indonesia
Flood in South America that
areas are typically dry
10. ✔ La Nina means ‘The Little Girl’ in Spanish. It’s also sometimes called ‘El
Veijo’, ‘anti-El Nino’, or a cold event.
✔ La Niña episodes represent periods of below-average sea surface
temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific. Global climate La
Niña impacts tend to be opposite those of El Niño impacts. In the tropics,
ocean temperature variations in La Niña also tend to be opposite those of El
Niño.
What is La Nina:
10
11. What causes La Nina:
11
La Nina is caused by a build
up of cooler than normal
water in the tropical of
pacific, the area of the
Pacific Ocean between the
Tropic of Cancer and the
Tropic of Capricorn.
12. 12
Signs of an La Nina:
The first sign of an emerging La Nina event are often observed in the ocean.
The indicator sings including:
1. Short-term bursts of tropical rainfall activity.
2. Increase Hurricane activities in Atlantic.
3. The strength of the trade winds higher in the atmosphere ocean currents.
4. Decrease in air pressure in Asia, Australia.
5. Net result is drought in the Americas and rainfall in Asia region.
13. 13
The Effects of La Nina:
Increased rainfall in
southeast Asia
Catastrophic flood in Australia
Drier than normal condition
over central and eastern
Pacific.