The document summarizes renewable energy development in Germany. It notes that renewable energy targets include achieving 18% of final energy consumption from renewables by 2020, and increasing to 60% by 2050. It also outlines Germany's plan to phase out nuclear energy completely by 2022 following Fukushima. Charts show strong growth in wind, solar PV, and biomass electricity generation due to Germany's feed-in tariff policy. Renewables contributed over 25% of Germany's electricity in 2012 and 10.4% of heat in 2011.

1. Renewable Energy Development in
Germany (Status and Outlook)
Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes, Board Member
BEE - German Renewable Energy Federation
Berlin, 7th of November 2012

2. BEE - the German Renewable Energy Federation is the umbrella
organization of renewable energy in Germany, with 25 member
associations and organizations representing 30,000 members,
including 5,000 enterprises. Our target: 100 % of renewable energy.

3. The German Government’s
Energy Concept 2010: Targets
• Greenhouse Gas Reduction:
minus 40% by 2020, 55% by 2030, 70% by 2040, 80-95%
by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels)
• Share of Renewable Energy in Gross Final Energy
Consumption: 18% by 2020, 30% by 2030, 45% by 2040,
60% by 2050
• Share of Renewables in Electricity Consumption: 35%
by 2020, 50% by 2030, 65% by 2040, 80% by 2050
After Fukushima – complete Phase-out of Nuclear
Energy by 2022

4. Renewables in Germany (2011)
Renewable energy sources as a share of energy supply in
Germany
40
2002 2004 2006 2007 2008
minimum 35.0 1)
35
2009 2010 2011 Targets: 2020
30
25
Share in [%]
Gross final
20.0 energy
20 consumption
1)
18.0
15 14.0 1) Transport
sector
12.2
10.4 10.0 1,2) 10.9
10
7.8
5.6
5 4.3 4.5
3.2
0.9
0
Share of RES in total gross Share of RES in total Share of RES in fuel Share of RES in total final Share of RES in total
electricity consumption energy consumption for consumption for road traffic energy consumption primary energy
heat in transport sector (2) (electricity, heat, fuels) consumption (3)
1) Sources: Targets of the German Government, Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG); Renewable Energy Sources Heat Act (EEWärmeG), EU-Directive 2009/28/EC;
2) total consumption of engine fuels, excluding fuel in air traffic; 3) calculated using efficiency method; source: Working Group on Energy Balances e.V. (AGEB); RES: Renewable Energy Sources;
source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Brigitte Hiss; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional

5. RE Electricity in Germany
Strong growth due to Feed-in tariffs
Development of electricity generation from renewable 2012 >25%
energy sources in Germany since 1990
2011: 20%
140,000
Hydropower Wind energy
EEG:
120,000 Biomass * Photovoltaics January 2009
100,000
EEG: EEG:
April 2000 August 2004
80,000
[GWh]
Amendment to BauGB:
November 1997
60,000
StromEinspG:
40,000 January 1991 - March 2000
20,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
* Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas, biogenic share of waste; electricity from geothermal energy not presented due to negligible quantities produced; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh;
StromEinspG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Construction Code; EEG: Renewable Energy Sources Act;
source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Christoph Edelhoff; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
5

6. Electricity from Wind in Germany
Development of electricity production and installed
capacity of wind energy plants in Germany
50,000 30,000
Electricity generation [GWh] 29,075 MW
45,000
installed capacity [MW]
EEG: EEG: 25,000
40,000 April 2000 August 2004
35,000
20,000
30,000
Amendment to BauGB:
[GWh]
[MW]
25,000 November 1997 15,000
EEG:
20,000 January 2009
StromEinspG: 10,000
15,000 January 1991 - March 2000
4,489
10,000
2,966
5,000
2,032
1,500
10,509
15,786
18,713
25,509
27,229
30,710
39,713
40,574
38,639
37,793
46,500
909
5,000
5,528
7,550
600
275
100
71
0 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
StromEinspG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Construction Code; EEG: Renewable Energy Sources Act; 1 TWh = 1 Bill. kWh; 1 MW = 1 Mill. Watt; sources: electricity supply 2011
according to 50Hertz Transmission, Amprion, TenneT TSO, EnBW Transportnetze; J.P. Molly: "Wind Energy Use in Germany - Status 31.12.2011"; Deutsches Windenergie-Institut (DEWI) and German
Wind Energy Association (BWE); BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); as at: March 2012; image: BMU / Christoph Edelhoff; all figures provisional
6

7. Installed Windpower in Germany
Development of the number and installed capacity of wind
energy plants in Germany
30,000 30,000
Installations, cumulative number of plants [-] 29,075 MW
cumulative installed capacity [MW]
25,000 25,000
StromEinspG: Amendment to BauGB:
Number of plants [-]
20,000 January 1991 - March 2000 November 1997 20,000
EEG:
[MW]
15,000 April 2000 15,000
10,000 EEG: EEG: 10,000
6,185
August 2004 January 2009
5,178
4,326
3,528
2,467
5,000 5,000
1,675
1,084
22,297
21,572
20,965
13,739
16,518
20,147
11,415
15,371
17,474
19,344
18,578
7,864
9,351
700
405
0 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Sources: J.P. Molly: "Wind energy use in Germany, as at 31.12.2011"; Deutsches Windenergie-Institut (DEWI) and German Wind Energy Association (BWE); 1 TWh = 1 Bill. kWh;
1 MW = 1 Mill. Watt; StromEinspG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Construction Code; EEG: Renewable Energy Sources Act; image: BMU / Brigitte Hiss; all figures provisional
7

8. PV Capacity and Yield in Germany
Installed capacity and energy supply from photovoltaic
installations in Germany
26,000 26,000
Electricity supply [GWh]
2012 – more than 30,000 MWp 24,820 MWp
24,000 24,000
installed capacity [MWp]
22,000 22,000
20,000 20,000
18,000 18,000
16,000 16,000
[GWh]
[MWp]
14,000 14,000
12,000 12,000
10,000 10,000
8,000 8,000
1,282
6,000 6,000
556
4,000 313 4,000
11,683
19,000
162
2,220
3,075
4,420
6,583
76
11
16
26
32
42
64
2,000 2,000
1
2
3
6
8
0 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat);
1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh; 1 MW = 1 Mill. Watt; image: BMU / Bernd Müller; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
8

9. Biomass for Electricity in Germany
Development of biomass *
use for electricity supply in Germany
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
[GWh]
20,000
15,000
10,000
3,589
3,260
2,277
2,102
2,013
1,875
1,636
5,000
1,558
1,471
1,434
10,077
14,025
18,685
24,281
27,531
30,341
33,866
36,920
4,737
5,207
6,038
8,247
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
* Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh;
source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Brigitte Hiss; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
9

10. The Renewable Energy Act – EEG –
• Priority grid access for Renewables
Regulation / Law
installations
Money
• Each kWh must be purchased and
Power
remunerated by the utility / grid - EEG -
operator (with defined exceptions)
Provides for grid
• Fixed feed-in tariff paid for 20 years access, sets FIT
Utility / TSO
• Annual (monthly for PV) degression for
new installations (a fixed percentage or a conventional
defined mechanism) electricity
Feed-in tariff renewable
electricity Electricity
• Differentiated support according to rates
+ FIT surcharge
technology, size and site quality
• Costs are passed on to all electricity
consumers (specific exceptions for energy RES-E Electricity
intensive industry) Producer consumer
• Regular evaluation and amendments

14. Paradigm-Shift:
From traditional baseload power ….
Simulation 2007:
15 % RE (hourly resolution)

15. … towards a smart Mix with very
high shares of Renewable Energy
BEE-Scenario 2020:
47 % RE (hourly resolution) Peaks at noon
Strong and weak wind periods
Storage, Import/Export
Variable Load
 System-Transformation: technically & economically

16. RE Heating & Cooling in Germany
Contribution of renewable energy sources to heat supply in
Germany since 1997
2011: 10.4% RES
160,000
Biomass * Solar thermal energy Geothermal energy
140,000
Stable Framework missing  Future growth uncertain
120,000
100,000
[GWh]
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
Biomass share of RES - heat: 91 %
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
* Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas, biogenic share of waste; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh; RES: Renewable Energy Sources;
source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Brigitte Hiss; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
16

17. Solar Thermal Heating in Germany
Development of collector area and energy supply of solar thermal
installations for heat supply in Germany
6,000 16,000
Energy supply [GWh]
Area, cumulative [m²] 14,000
5,000
12,000
4,000
10,000
[1,000 m2]
[GWh]
3,000 8,000
6,000
2,000
4,000
1,000
280
221
107
169
2,000
1,026
1,261
1,587
1,884
2,144
2,443
2,778
3,218
3,638
4,134
4,733
5,200
5,600
355
440
549
690
848
0 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh;
source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat) and ZSW; image: ZSW / Ulrike Zimmer; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
17

18. Geothermal Heat in Germany
Development of (near-surface) geothermal energy use * for
heat supply in Germany since 1995
6,500
6,000
5,500
5,000
4,500
4,000
[GWh]
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
1,440
1,440
1,458
1,491
1,532
1,581
1,651
1,741
1,842
1,972
2,156
2,602
3,255
3,962
4,640
5,300
5,980
500
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
* Including Air/Water-, Water/Water- and Brine/Water- Heat Pumps; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh;
source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat) and ZSW; image: ZSW / Ulrike Zimmer; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
18

19. RE for Transport in Germany
Development of renewables-based fuel supply
in Germany since 1991
50,000
Bioethanol New and focused policies needed
45,000
Vegetable oil
40,000 Biodiesel
35,000
30,000
[GWh]
25,000
20,000
Significant growth 2004 – 2007 / stagnation since then
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Vegetable oil as a part of biogenic fuels used since 1992, Bioethanol since 2004; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh;
source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Dieter Böhme; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
19

20. GHG-Reduction from Renewables
in Germany (2011)
Total Greenhouse gas emissions avoided via the use of
renewable energy sources in Germany 2011
Electricity 15.5 34.2 24.7 12.9
87.3 million t
1.3
Heat 35.4
37.2 million t
Total GHG emissions avoided 2011
(electricity/heat/transport):
0.5 approx. 129 million t CO2 equiv.,
incl. GHG emissions avoided due to
electricity paid for under the EEG:
Biofuels 4.8 approx. 70 million t CO2 equiv.
4.8 million t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
GHG avoidance [million t CO2 equiv.]
Hydropower Wind energy Biomass Photovoltaics Geothermal energy Solar thermal energy Biofuels
GHG: Greenhouse gas; deviations in the totals are due to rounding; geothermal energy not presented due to negligible quantities of electricity produced;
source: Federal Environment Agency (UBA) according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: H.G. Oed; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
20

21. Are Renewables expensive?
•Energy prices do not tell the truth
 New technologies were always heavily subsidised
 Globally, fossil & nuclear receive 6 times the subsidies of RE
 Grid costs are not properly attributed to fossil & nuclear energy
•Most externalities are not included in energy prices
 Impact of fossil on environment, health, society not included
 Nuclear risks (incl. Waste!) are largely borne by public money
 No realistic price of carbon (despite ETS)
•There are various competitive disadvantages for Renewables
 Still: Costs for Renewables are decreasing rapidly
 Wind is already competitive (even in disturbed markets)
 Solar PV is reaching grid parity
AND: Costs for fossil & nuclear are increasing
21

22. Different cost structure of RE
and the need for support
High (upfront) capital costs but close to zero operating costs
(Wind, PV ...)
 Distributed production and consumption: different grid
structure
Flexible system needed: smart grids, system services, storage ....
For development and deployment of a broad range of renewable
Need to bridge the gap between today’s and tomorrow’s energy
• remove remaining economic and administrative barriers,
• compensate for structural and competitive disadvantages
• accelerate market penetration and up-scaling of various RE,
• foster technology development and increased deployment,
• trigger economies of scale and resulting cost reduction.
22

23. Public benefit: Merit order effect
price
RE lower electricity prices
marginal generation cost
RE substitute most
expensive power plant
Electricity produced
23

24. 2011: 36 billion Euro
Turnover from RES
Investments in the construction of renewable energy
facilities in Germany since 2004 plus 13.1 for O&M
30
Investments in RES 27.8
Investments in the electricity sector (RES)
25
22.9
25.0
20.1
Investments [Bill. Euro]
20
20.1
16.7
15 14.0 16.5
12.9
10.6 12.8
10 8.8 10.8
9.2
8.4
5 6.8 RES investment predominantly for electricity
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to the Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW); 2004 and 2005 estimated;
image: BMU / Dieter Böhme; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
24

25. Avoided Fossil Fuel Imports due to Renewable Energy
billion Euro
Forecast
electricity
heating
transport
Source:

26. 2011
Total Greenhouse gas emissions avoided via the use of
renewable energy sources in Germany 2011
Electricity 15.5 34.2 24.7 12.9
87.3 million t
1.3
Heat 35.4
37.2 million t
Total GHG emissions avoided 2011
(electricity/heat/transport):
0.5 approx. 129 million t CO2 equiv.,
incl. GHG emissions avoided due to
electricity paid for under the EEG:
Biofuels 4.8 approx. 70 million t CO2 equiv.
4.8 million t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
GHG avoidance [million t CO2 equiv.]
Hydropower Wind energy Biomass Photovoltaics Geothermal energy Solar thermal energy Biofuels
GHG: Greenhouse gas; deviations in the totals are due to rounding; geothermal energy not presented due to negligible quantities of electricity produced;
source: Federal Environment Agency (UBA) according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: H.G. Oed; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional
26

27. Industry:
> 500,000 jobs in 2020
Further increasing, problems for PV manufacturers
Jobs in the renewable energy sources sector in Germany
96,100
102,100
Wind energy
85,700
63,900
122,000
128,000
Biomass
119,500
56,800
120,900
80,600
Solar energy
49,200
25,100
7,600
7,800
Hydropower
8,100
Increase: approx. 129 %
9,500
13,300
14,500
Geothermal energy 10,300
1,800
160,500 277,300 339,500 367,400
Publicly funded 7,500
6,500 jobs jobs jobs jobs
research /
administration 4,500
3,400 2004 2007 2009 2010
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
Figures for 2009 and 2010 are provisional estimate; deviations in totals are due to rounding;
Source: O’Sullivan/Edler/van Mark/Nieder/Lehr: "Bruttobeschäftigung durch erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 20010 – eine erste Abschätzung", as at: March 2011; interim report of research project „Kurz-
und langfristige Auswirkungen des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt“; image: BMU / Christoph Busse / transit
27

28. Renewable Energies
– mature and beneficial
•Provide significant contribution to Security of Energy Supply
 Wide range of RE technologies are proven and mature
 A mix of different technologies and resources is available
•Renewables reduce Dependency on Energy Imports
 RES are domestic energy sources
•Renewables mitigate the risks of Price Volatility of Fossil Fuels
 Wind, solar and geothermal energy are free
 RE-technologies have high cost decreases
•Renewables are reliable technologies against Climate Change
 RES are (nearly) carbon free or carbon neutral
28

29. Thank you for your attention!
Reinhardtstraße 18 BEE - German Renewable Energy Federation
10117 Berlin
Fon +49 30 275 81 70  0
Fax +49 30 275 81 70  20
rainer.hinrichs@bee-ev.de
www.bee-ev.de