The document summarizes a seminar given by the Director General of the EPA on Ireland's need to transition to a low carbon economy. It discusses Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions trends, models for a low carbon economy in Sweden and Norway, challenges and opportunities for Ireland, including in agriculture and energy, the role of carbon pricing through emissions trading and carbon taxes, and examples of resource efficiency programs in Ireland. The conclusion calls for setting ambitious but achievable goals to transition Ireland to a low carbon economy through effective policies that also address behavioral barriers.
1) The EPA is responsible for producing Ireland's national greenhouse gas emission inventories and projections, which are submitted to the EU and UN.
2) Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions increased by 27% between 1990-2010 but have decreased by 9% from their peak in 2000. Emissions from the energy sector contribute the most.
3) Ireland is projected to exceed its 2020 EU target for reducing emissions in the non-trading sector (transport, buildings, agriculture, waste) by 20% compared to 2005 levels. Focus is needed on policies and measures to reduce emissions from agriculture and transport.
The document provides an overview of energy auditing and energy certification in Italy. It discusses European Union directives related to energy efficiency and national laws in Italy implementing the directives. It explains the process of energy auditing and outlines standard procedures, measurement approaches, and eligible project types for issuing energy efficiency certificates in Italy. Key elements of Italy's energy efficiency certificate system are described, including the types of certificates, minimum project sizes, and certificate durations.
Michël TOMA, MT Partenaires Ingénierie and Didier BOUTEILLER, City of Lorient...covcap1
1) The document discusses connecting SEAPs (Sustainable Energy Action Plans) with energy management systems according to ISO 50001.
2) It describes a project that is providing training and support to local authorities in France to develop SEAPs and integrate them with ISO 50001 energy management systems for their significant energy uses.
3) The city of Lorient, which has already received the European Energy Award, is working to implement both a SEAP and ISO 50001 EnMS to help meet its goal of reducing energy consumption in municipal buildings by 30% by 2020.
Green Growth examines the impact of wind energy on jobs and the economy in the EU. The wind energy industry increased its contribution to the EU’s gross domestic product (GDP) by 33% between 2007 and 2010. In 2010, the industry’s growth was twice that of the EU’s GDP overall, with the sector contributing €32 billion to an EU economy in slowdown. Contents: The sector created 30% more jobs from 2007 to 2010 to reach nearly 240,000, while EU unemployment rose by 9.6% . By 2020, there should be 520,000 jobs in the sector. The sector was a net exporter of €5.7 billion worth of goods and services in 2010. The sector avoided €5.71 billion of fuel costs in 2010. The sector invested 5% of its spending in R&D – three times more than the EU average. Wind turbine manufacturers commit around 10% of their total turnover to R&D.
Ofgem Presentation at Economist Energy Summitcarbonbrief
Alistair Buchanan, CEO of Ofgem, presented on moving energy and climate change policy forward in 2012. Key initiatives included implementing tariff reforms through consultation, applying the new RIIO regulatory model for the first time, and ongoing investigations into retail markets. The presentation provided background on electricity market reforms and the scale of investment required. It also discussed gas security of supply concerns and introduced the new RIIO regulatory approach focusing on outputs, incentives and innovation to deliver efficient network investment totaling £32 billion by 2020.
This document discusses California's climate action planning context. It notes that California aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. It outlines the various policies that support these goals in the electricity, transportation, and other sectors. It also discusses expectations for local governments to adopt climate action plans to help meet state targets and common elements of plans adopted in the San Diego region since 2015.
The document discusses energy use trends in the global and Brazilian transport sectors from 1971 to 2020. It finds that:
1) The transport sector has become the most important consumer of final energy worldwide, increasing its share from 26.5% in 1971 to 30.3% in 2005.
2) Within transport, road transport is dominant and increasing, accounting for 62.5% of transport energy in 1971 and 73.2% in 2005.
3) In Brazil, the transport sector also increased its share of final energy consumption, from 22.3% in 1970 to 31.8% in 2005, with road transport gaining importance.
4) The document projects trends in vehicles, fuels, and the
1) The EPA is responsible for producing Ireland's national greenhouse gas emission inventories and projections, which are submitted to the EU and UN.
2) Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions increased by 27% between 1990-2010 but have decreased by 9% from their peak in 2000. Emissions from the energy sector contribute the most.
3) Ireland is projected to exceed its 2020 EU target for reducing emissions in the non-trading sector (transport, buildings, agriculture, waste) by 20% compared to 2005 levels. Focus is needed on policies and measures to reduce emissions from agriculture and transport.
The document provides an overview of energy auditing and energy certification in Italy. It discusses European Union directives related to energy efficiency and national laws in Italy implementing the directives. It explains the process of energy auditing and outlines standard procedures, measurement approaches, and eligible project types for issuing energy efficiency certificates in Italy. Key elements of Italy's energy efficiency certificate system are described, including the types of certificates, minimum project sizes, and certificate durations.
Michël TOMA, MT Partenaires Ingénierie and Didier BOUTEILLER, City of Lorient...covcap1
1) The document discusses connecting SEAPs (Sustainable Energy Action Plans) with energy management systems according to ISO 50001.
2) It describes a project that is providing training and support to local authorities in France to develop SEAPs and integrate them with ISO 50001 energy management systems for their significant energy uses.
3) The city of Lorient, which has already received the European Energy Award, is working to implement both a SEAP and ISO 50001 EnMS to help meet its goal of reducing energy consumption in municipal buildings by 30% by 2020.
Green Growth examines the impact of wind energy on jobs and the economy in the EU. The wind energy industry increased its contribution to the EU’s gross domestic product (GDP) by 33% between 2007 and 2010. In 2010, the industry’s growth was twice that of the EU’s GDP overall, with the sector contributing €32 billion to an EU economy in slowdown. Contents: The sector created 30% more jobs from 2007 to 2010 to reach nearly 240,000, while EU unemployment rose by 9.6% . By 2020, there should be 520,000 jobs in the sector. The sector was a net exporter of €5.7 billion worth of goods and services in 2010. The sector avoided €5.71 billion of fuel costs in 2010. The sector invested 5% of its spending in R&D – three times more than the EU average. Wind turbine manufacturers commit around 10% of their total turnover to R&D.
Ofgem Presentation at Economist Energy Summitcarbonbrief
Alistair Buchanan, CEO of Ofgem, presented on moving energy and climate change policy forward in 2012. Key initiatives included implementing tariff reforms through consultation, applying the new RIIO regulatory model for the first time, and ongoing investigations into retail markets. The presentation provided background on electricity market reforms and the scale of investment required. It also discussed gas security of supply concerns and introduced the new RIIO regulatory approach focusing on outputs, incentives and innovation to deliver efficient network investment totaling £32 billion by 2020.
This document discusses California's climate action planning context. It notes that California aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. It outlines the various policies that support these goals in the electricity, transportation, and other sectors. It also discusses expectations for local governments to adopt climate action plans to help meet state targets and common elements of plans adopted in the San Diego region since 2015.
The document discusses energy use trends in the global and Brazilian transport sectors from 1971 to 2020. It finds that:
1) The transport sector has become the most important consumer of final energy worldwide, increasing its share from 26.5% in 1971 to 30.3% in 2005.
2) Within transport, road transport is dominant and increasing, accounting for 62.5% of transport energy in 1971 and 73.2% in 2005.
3) In Brazil, the transport sector also increased its share of final energy consumption, from 22.3% in 1970 to 31.8% in 2005, with road transport gaining importance.
4) The document projects trends in vehicles, fuels, and the
The EPA document discusses greenhouse gas emissions from Ireland's transport sector from 1990 to 2009 and projections to 2020. It finds that transport has been the fastest growing emissions sector since 1990. While Ireland is projected to exceed its annual emissions limits by 2016 without additional measures, the EPA funds transport research and reports emissions to inform policy development and ensure progress towards national targets.
The document discusses energy technology roadmaps as a tool to support the reduction of global CO2 emissions. It outlines that a wide range of technologies will be needed, including end-use efficiency, fuel switching, generation efficiency, nuclear, renewables, and carbon capture and storage. Roadmaps can help accelerate innovation by identifying barriers, highlighting policies, directing research funds, and facilitating knowledge sharing. The document provides examples of roadmaps for wind power and energy efficiency in buildings that outline deployment goals and cost reduction targets.
Mechanical biological treatment - solution or hype?Ricardo- AEA
Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) is a combination of mechanical separation and biological treatment processes like composting or anaerobic digestion. MBT facilities in the UK produce a variety of outputs like recyclables, compost, solid recovered fuel, and digestate. However, the changing composition of waste and uncertainty around markets for MBT outputs like compost pose challenges. Flexible MBT designs are more expensive but can help address these composition risks.
This document discusses Ireland's green economy from an environmental economics perspective. It examines Ireland's priorities around issues like water quality and pollution reduction. It also analyzes Ireland's role in climate change mitigation through decarbonizing sectors like agriculture and shifting to services. The author argues that environmental policy should aim to meet objectives at minimum cost and that uncompetitive policies may do more harm than good by killing jobs. Credible, coordinated global solutions are needed to address climate change.
The document summarizes renewable energy development in Germany. It notes that renewable energy targets include achieving 18% of final energy consumption from renewables by 2020, and increasing to 60% by 2050. It also outlines Germany's plan to phase out nuclear energy completely by 2022 following Fukushima. Charts show strong growth in wind, solar PV, and biomass electricity generation due to Germany's feed-in tariff policy. Renewables contributed over 25% of Germany's electricity in 2012 and 10.4% of heat in 2011.
The London Green Fund was established in 2009 to invest £100 million in carbon reduction projects that support the city's climate change goals. It focuses on energy efficiency, waste management, and decentralized energy. The fund includes contributions from the London Development Agency, European Regional Development Fund, and is expected to leverage £50 million in private financing. One example investment is a £35 million waste urban development fund to finance recycling and waste processing facilities like a plant that converts plastic waste into new food-grade plastic.
This document compares carbon emissions trading systems in Australia, California, and the European Union. It provides macro data on population, GDP, national greenhouse gas inventories, energy production and consumption for each region. Emissions profiles show the largest sources of emissions for each location. The trading systems are then compared based on factors such as targeted reductions, covered sectors, carbon pricing mechanisms, use of offsets, and penalties for non-compliance. The rationale section explains that while the Australian and Californian systems are most relevant locally, the EU ETS was also included due to its importance as the largest emissions trading market.
The document summarizes several Croatian documents related to developing a low-emission development strategy. It reviews energy and climate documents that provide background information, including the Croatian energy sector development strategy and national communications submitted to the UNFCCC. It outlines key measures in the energy sector until 2020, including increasing renewable energy to 20% of gross final consumption and setting sectoral targets. It also notes measures could be taken in other industries like process, waste, and agriculture to reduce emissions.
The document discusses a Euro-Mediterranean energy market integration project. It presents Jordan's national budget allocation chart for renewable energy and energy efficiency investments from 2010 to 2020. The chart identifies the most cost-effective technologies to achieve energy supply diversification, sustainability, and security in Jordan. It analyzes 20 renewable energy technologies and 9 energy efficiency technologies based on their potential, costs, and electricity savings to help allocate scarce budget efficiently and set priorities. The results will be disseminated through seminars and presentations to relevant decision makers to inform Jordan's energy plans and policies.
Subject:
Presented by:
Presented to:
Energy Markets, Forecast
Richard Newell, Administrator
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Washington, DC – December 16, 2010
The global PV market is growing rapidly, led by Germany, Italy, Czech Republic, and the US, which accounted for 76% of total installations in 2010. While these major markets are expected to see continued growth in 2011, policy changes will reduce incentives and drive down solar prices. The document analyzes market dynamics and incentive cuts and concludes that high demand will continue through October 2010 due to attractive returns, but prices must decrease in late 2010 and 2011 to maintain reasonable returns given lower incentives.
Evaluation of the French Energy Transition for Green Growth Law with Times-FRIEA-ETSAP
The document evaluates pathways to meet France's energy transition law using the TIMES-FR energy system model. It finds that:
1) Meeting emissions reduction targets requires significantly lowering projected energy demand.
2) Reducing final energy consumption 50% by 2050 is the most constraining target and may not be achievable without additional demand flexibility or sobriety measures.
3) Constraining both CO2 emissions and nuclear capacity increases renewable energy to 49% of electricity by 2030, exceeding the law's 40% target.
The analysis highlights inconsistencies between the law's long-term targets and underlying scenarios, and calls for updated demand projections and policy assumptions beyond 2035.
Clean Sky put in context and perspective by Gareth Williams (AIRBUS)cleanskyju
Clean Sky presentation delivered by G Williams (AIRBUS) at the conference 'Innovation in Action' on October 5th 2011: Context, ACARE objectives and Flightpath 2050
Based on the analysis, WM is a well-established leader in the waste management industry with significant scale advantages over competitors. However, margins have been negatively impacted by acquisitions and rising fuel costs. Going forward, the company is focused on growth through continued M&A and investments in recycling to capitalize on industry trends toward sustainability.
The document summarizes the IEA Energy Technology Perspectives project, which analyzes energy technology scenarios and strategies to reduce CO2 emissions. It describes the baseline scenario where emissions double by 2050 and the BLUE scenario where widespread deployment of low-carbon technologies below $175/tCO2 leads to 50% reduction in emissions by 2050 compared to 2005. Buildings sector energy consumption is 5% higher by 2050 than 2007 in the BLUE scenario due to population growth, but OECD regions reduce consumption below 2007 levels through efficiency and decarbonization measures.
The document summarizes a presentation given by John Campion of ESB on electric vehicles. It outlines ESB's strategic goals of increasing renewable energy production and reducing its carbon footprint. It then discusses the challenges posed by the transport sector for reducing Ireland's emissions and ESB's initiatives to promote electric vehicles, including acquiring electric vehicles for its fleet and conducting research on electric vehicle load impacts and infrastructure needs.
Welsh EfW policy - technology assessment of high thermal efficiency solutionsRicardo- AEA
Welsh EfW policy - technology assessment of high thermal efficiency solutions.
Presented by Kathryn Warren, Senior Consultant, Waste Management & Resource Efficiency.
Presented at the Air & Waste Management Association’s 105th Annual Conference & Exhibition, San Antonio, June 19-22, 2012.
The document discusses Massachusetts' clean energy goals and progress. It notes that MA has high electricity prices but a strong economy. Key clean energy legislation from 2008 expanded energy efficiency goals and strengthened renewable portfolio standards. Cities and towns are valued partners in clean energy efforts. MA has achieved significant growth in solar and wind power, and the clean energy sector now employs over 11,000 people. Through programs like Green Communities, energy efficiency has become the largest contributor to reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
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The document discusses the Irish property market collapse, the causes and legacy, and the role of the National Asset Management Agency (NAMA). Some key points:
- The collapse was caused by poor planning, lax regulation, and property tax incentives during the Celtic Tiger era from the 1990s-2008. This led to an oversupply of unfinished housing developments, hotels, and zoned land.
- The legacy includes over 2,800 unfinished housing estates, "zombie" hotels and golf courses, and over 44,000 hectares of excess zoned land. Infrastructure was not upgraded to support the rapid development.
- NAMA was established in 2009 to deal with risky bank loans related to land and property.
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The document summarizes sustainability initiatives at UCD Michael Smurfit Business School. It discusses Ireland becoming a leader in low carbon economy and highlights increasing water availability challenges due to climate change. It also outlines Ireland's natural renewable energy resources from waves, tides, and their potential. Technologies being tested and developed for harvesting tidal and wave energy are mentioned. The growth potential for renewable energy sectors over time is illustrated. Additional topics covered include landfill gas, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, temperature records, climate change drivers, issues with wind power and solar resources in Europe, biomass co-firing, green supply chains, and priority areas for Ireland's EPA report.
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Laura Burke, Director General of the EPA presentation to Smurfit Business School Sustainability Club on 17th October 2012
1. UCD Micheal Smurfit Business School
Sustainability Club Seminar
Ireland becoming a
low carbon
competitive economy
Laura Burke
Director General
EPA
17th October 2012
2. Contents
Need for a low carbon economy
Ireland Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Models for a low carbon economy
Plans and challenges for Ireland
Behavioural Change
3. Need for a low carbon economy
Climate Change
Primary environmental and societal challenge
High dependence on fossil fuels
Agriculture, land use and land use changes
Global Actions
UNFCCC and Kyoto, adopted 2C goal under a shared vision
2009/10
Emissions to peak before 2020 and reduced by 50% by 2050
EU Action
Leader on global actions
Advocate for the 2C goal, since 1997
20%-30% reduction by 2020, 80% reduction 2050*
*Based on IPCC 4th Assessment Report, 2007
7. A Profile of EU greenhouse gas
emissions – 80% below 1990 levels
8. A Profile of what Ireland’s greenhouse gas
emissions might look like to 2050
140% 140%
120% 120%
Energy
100% 100%
Residential
80% 80%
Industry &
Commercial
60% 60% Transport
40% 40% Agriculture
Waste
20% 20%
0% 0%
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
9. Sweden
Climate Bill 2008/9
An emissions- neutral country by 2050
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency drawing up
scenarios and policy instrument proposals
Minister for the Environment appointing a reference group
with representatives of environmental organisations, the
business sector and the research community, among
others
an active dialogue and collaboration - regional and
municipal level, the business sector and the research
community.
10. Norway
Adoption of a carbon tax in 1991.
70% of GHG emissions covered by economic instruments
Carbon Neutral by 2030
30% reduction by 2020
One of three largest buyers of carbon credits in world
Purchase of carbon credits to supplement domestic efforts
Aim to be a catalyst for market development
11. EPA – Low Carbon Economy
National Framework
Needs actions that have a long term perspective
Focus should be on domestic action
All sectors must contribute
Cost effective mitigation solutions available
SEAI and Teagasc MACC curves
Need to understand drivers of action and inaction
Transport and Agriculture
12. Legal Basis
National Climate Strategy 2000 and 2007
2011- Development of national climate policy
Independent Study by NESC
Policy options 2020- June 2012
Transition to a low carbon future by 2050- Dec 2012
Public consultation
Consideration by Oireachtas Committee and stakeholders
Climate Change Legislation likely
Head of Bill likely in late 2012 or early in 2013
Bill by the end of 2013
Implementation will be critical
13. Irish Challenges and Opportunities
Unique Greenhouse Gas Profile within the EU
Transport and Agriculture
50% of total emissions 2011
71% of non EU- ETS emissions
Agriculture
Unique profile in the EU
Are there opportunities? Land use, bio-energy, others
Not-unique globally: New Zealand and most developing countries
15. A marginal abatement cost curve for Irish agriculture – Teagasc Submission to National Climate Policy Consultation
How to realise these
opportunities?
16. Irish Challenges and Opportunities
Energy
21% emissions 2011
Highly Electrified Economy
Large scale use of renewable energy (wind, wave, tidal, solar and
biofuels)
Decarbonise other sectors
18. Putting a price on carbon – emissions
trading
25
-9%
-16%
20
+1%
-9%
Mtonnes, CO2eq
15
10
5
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
30% drop in emissions from the Emissions Trading Sector between 2005 and 2011
19. Putting a price on carbon - carbon tax
The carbon tax was first applied in 2010 to mainly, the
non-traded sectors, transport and heat in buildings
In transport – emissions have fallen by 22% since peak in
2007
Recession and other policy influences at play but carbon
tax has also played a role?
Carbon tax has yet to be applied to coal and peat, the
most carbon intensive of all fossil fuels
20. Incentives- CO2 emissions of new cars
180
167.7 167.2 166.7 167.9
170 166.1 166.1
164.0
161.7
158.2
160
150
144.0
CO2 g/km
140
Change in VRT and Motor Tax 132.8
for new cars 128.0
130 125.8
120
110
100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source : SEAI (2012).
21. Resource Efficiency
Global population 9 billion by 2050
3 billion more middle class consumers
Increases in demand for resources
OECD
Resource Use at existing level a barrier to future economic growth
Resource Efficiency
22. Resources Efficiency programme for hotels, catering companies &
restaurants
Resources use mapping (waste, water, & energy)
Certification & Award scheme, 270 members
o 140 of which are hotels
o Representing >16% of Irish Hotels
In 2011:
o 6,400t waste reduction (equivalent to >6,000 households)
o 352 million litres water saved
o 39M kWh energy saved
In 2011 €5.6M saved by members (recurring saving too!)
23. Partnership Resource Efficiency programme with Health Services
Executive
Resources use mapping (waste, water, & energy)
Concentration on Food Waste
30 healthcare facilities participating
- 50% of national Acute beds in Ireland (~8,000 beds)
- ~800 Community care beds
1,700t food wastage identified, costing €3.7M/annum (for purchase, prepare
& dispose)
~800t non-risk waste in Risk Waste Bins, costing ~€700,000 per annum
2,000 t recyclable waste in Residuals bins, costing €220,000 per annum
24. Conclusions
Now is the time to set both the right level of ambition and the
right pace of transition to a low-carbon economy
Choice is not between growth and non-growth – it is between
high-carbon growth and low-carbon growth
Deployment requires clear, consistent and effective policies and
incentives
Changes in lifestyle and behaviour barriers need to be
addressed - potential for wide ranging, long-term impact