Energy audit an energy certification

ENERGY AUDIT
AND ENERGY CERTIFICATION

Author: Luca Vecchiato (Energol)

Energy audit and energy certification 1

Energy: general overview

Directive 2006/32/EC Directive 2012/27/CE
“White certificates”

UNI 11339: Energy expert
D. Lgs. 115/2008 UNI 11352: ESCo
UNI 11428: Energy audit

Energy Management System certification: ISO 50001
Energy audit and energy certification

Directive 2012/27/CE
“Energy efficiency”


Share of greenhouse gas emissions in 2010

• The use of energy is
responsible for the
majority of
Agriculture
greenhouse gas 10%

emissions, with the Industry
Processes

energy sector 8% Waste
3%
representing 31%, Other

transport 19%, Energy 0%

79%
industry 13%,
households 9% and
others 7%.


Meeting all three “20-20-20 by 2020” goals
becomes a matter of urgency
Reduce greenhouse Increase share of Reduce energy
gas levels by 20% renewables to 20% consumption by 20%
100%
Current Current
trend to
2020
-20% trend to -10%
2020

Current
trend to
2020
20%


So far the EU is not on track to meet its 20% energy
saving target by 2020

1900
Projections from 2007 business
1850 1842 Mtoe
Projections from 2009 as
20% Energy saving objective
Primary energy consumption*, Mtoe

usual
1800

1750

1700 1678 Mtoe Status
1650
today

1600
GAP
1550
1474 Mtoe
1500 -20%
objective
1450

1400
2005 2010 2015 2020
* Gross inland consumption minus non-energy uses

Despite its crucial benefits for europe …

Reduce EU’s energy bill by about € 200 bn annualy in 2020
Create up to 2 million new jobs by 2020
Boost R&D & markets for EU global leadership

Competitiveness

Security
of Sustainability Reduce CO2 emissions
supply Limit environmental degradation

Reduce EU’s energy dependence
Reduce investments in energy infrastructures
Improve the energy trade balance

And the comprehensive set of european policies &
measures in place to address energy efficiency in all its
aspects

EUROPEAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY
POLICIES & MEASURES

Energy Efficiency Plan

International Programmes
Targets & networks
cooperation

Financial
R&D
tools
Energy
efficiency
legislation
“Soft” laws Fiscal tools


Combined with national intentions will not suffice

in 400
Mtoe
350
300 EU 20%

250
200
150
Existing
100 national EE
targets as
50 of 2011
0


To tap the remaining economic energy saving
potentials for 2020 throughout the sectors

Savings expected to be achieved with already
existing measures

Remaining saving potential to be addressed with
new measures

29%
11%
16%
2%

5%


A new impetus is needed: commission puts
forward a new energy efficiency directive

Public Sectoral House- Energy
Services Industry
sector measures holds supply

Indicative General
national EE New measures
targets EED promoting EE

Monitoring &
Reporting

Public sector to lead by example

Status EED proposals

• Public sector
19% consumption makes • Purchase of products, services
important share of & buildings with high energy
EU’s GDP efficiency standards

12% • Share of public
• Annual renovation target of 3%
buildings in building
for public buildings above 250
stock
m²

• Low average energy
performance of • More systematic use of Energy
existing buildings Performance Contracting
stock, incl. public
buildings
• Cost optimal
renovation can bring
up to 60% energy
savings

Creating benefits for consumers through the
provision of tailored energy services and
information

• Considerable saving • National energy efficiency
potential unused in obligation scheme for utilities
the residential and
services sectors
• Obligation for individual energy
• Slow uptake of market meters, reflecting actual energy
for energy efficiency consumption & information on
services actual time of use
• Lack of awareness &
access to appropriate
information on EE • Ensure accuracy & frequency of
benefits billing based on actual
• Technological consumption
developments (e.g.
smart meters/ grids)
• Appropriate information with the
not sufficiently
bill providing comprehensive
reflecting households
account of current energy costs
interests

Improving energy efficiency in transformation
and distribution of energy


• Fragmented • 10-year national heat & cooling plans:
regulations & transparency, predictability &
Remaining incentives to address alignment of policies for
potential
waste across supply investments
chain
Achieved
• Waste heat recovery (CHP)
savings • CHP uses 30% less fuel obligation for new and existing
for the same amount of power & industrial plants
heat & power but level of
use in EU low: 11% vs. • Network tariffs design to encourage
21%. offering services for consumers
allowing them to save energy &
control consumption
• New generation
installations not
systematically • National annual inventories of
reflecting level of Best generation installations to monitor
Available Technologies efficiency levels

Increase awareness for benefits stemming from
energy efficiency improvements in industry


• Important share in • Member States to create
28% overall final energy incentives for SMEs to undergo
consumption energy audits

Remaining • Considerable • Dissemination of best practices on
potential
progress made but benefits of energy management
potential remaining systems for SME businesses
Achieved
savings

• Energy efficient • Mandatory audits for large
technologies and companies & incentives for the
EE best practices implementation of recommended
readily available measures and the introduction of
Energy Management Systems

Possible time planning after adoption

• European Parliament to nominate a rapporteur
• First presentation & discussions in the Council Energy
July 2011 Working Group under Polish Presidency

September • Continuation of discussions in the Council Energy
- December Working Group
2011 • Discussion in the EP
• Energy Council (November)
January – • Achieving of political agreement
June 2012
June – • Finalization of the legislative text under the Cyprus
December Presidency
2012 • Entering into for force of Energy Efficiency Directive
by the end of 2012
December • Implementation of the new Directive in the MS
2013
June 2014 • Assessment of progress towards 20% saving
objective

Certificates for energy savings
(“white certificates”)


Establishing long-term synergies between the
energy sector liberalization and end-use
energy efficiency
A possible market-based policy portfolio oriented towards end-
use energy efficiency could comprise energy-savings quota for
some category of operators (distributors, suppliers, consumers,
etc.) coupled with a trading system for energy-efficiency
measures resulting in energy savings. The savings would be
verified by the regulator and certified by means of the so-called
“white” certificates (tradable certificates for energy savings).


Systems with savings obligations and tradable
certificates for energy savings (TCES) in Europe

• Four key elements

– the creation and framing of the demand,
– the tradable instrument (certificate) and the rules for trading,
– Institutional infrastructure and processes (such as measurement and
verification) to support the scheme.
– the cost recovery mechanism in some cases.

In Europe variations of this policy mix have been introduced in Italy, Great
Italy
Britain, and since July 2006, also in France. The Netherlands is
Britain France
currently considering the implementation of a white certificate
system. In Flanders (Belgium) and in Ireland there are savings
obligations imposed on electricity distributors without certificate
trading option; saving obligations on electricity and heat distributors in
Denmark.
Denmark

White certificates mechanism

g s
vin Electricity and gas suppliers En
Sa e
er
g yS
gy on su El
er ati s ec er
En blig t /I tri
ci
vi ce
O es C Re ty/
e qu W h d uc Ga
R ed s
fee
Regulatory White Certificates
Authority market

sk
Ri i ce
rv
Se
y
e rg
Brokers En
ESCO’s

Other participants


European white certificate systems:
general features of the Italian system

• Targets in primary energy consumption on electricity and gas
grid distribution companies with more than 50,000
customers;
• by the end of 2006 the Government is expected to set rules
for distributors under this threshold; targets set on an annual
basis 2009-2014.
• The mechanism is planned to deliver energy savings
equivalent to 5,8 millions toe in the five year target period.


Review of experiences with white certificate
schemes: eligible projects

Italy: all end-use sectors eligible (but “50 % constraint”); an illustrative list of
eligible projects; projects contribute to the achievement of targets for up
to 5 years (with only some exceptions).
So far: generation and distribution systems for various energy carriers (29%);
households electricity consumption (28%); energy consumption for
heating purposes in the households and the commercial sector (20%) and
public lighting (19%). Targets achieved (mostly early action), surplus
banked.


Different systems in europe
UK (EEC 2, 2005-2008) Italy France

Unit of target TWh fuel weighted energy benefits toe, annual TWh

Duration 2005-2014 2005-2014 2006-2014
current phase

Residential consumers only All consumers All consumers
Sectoral
coverage
50 % from ‘priority group’ (low income 50 % from reduction in own energy
Restrictions consumers on social benefits). vector (electricity and gas).

Obliged parties Electricity and gas suppliers above Electricity and gas distributors above Electricity, gas, LPG,
50,000 residential customers served 100,000 customers served heat, cold and heating
fuel above 0.4 TWh/y

Trading No certificates; Obligations can be Certificate trade;
traded; Savings can be traded after own Spot market sessions; only bilateral
obligation met; No spot market; One-way OTC trading; exchange
trade in national emission trading
scheme;
Institutional Energy regulator AEEG + electricity Ministry of Industry
structure market operator GME + ADEME
Energy regulator OFGEM

Penalty No specific guidance on how penalty Fixed by the Regulator according to 0.02 Euro/kWh
would be calculated; criteria such as: the actual possibility to
The penalty can arrive up to 10 % of the meet the target, the magnitude of the non-
supplier’s turnover. compliance, the state of affairs of the non-

Review of experiences with white certificate
schemes: evaluation of savings

• Baseline definition

• Evaluation approaches


Saving objectives


Baseline definition

• Present regulation;

• Sales average and performance of the most commonly used
appliance on the market “average-on-the-market” (appliances
and equipment);

• Average consumption of installed stock;

• Building stock or equipment stock (e.g. in insulation measures
in France);


Measurement and verification: Italy

3 valuation (measurement and verification, M&V) approaches:

• deemed savings approach with default factors for free riding, delivery
mechanism and persistence: no on-field measurements required;
• engineering approach, with some on-field measurement,
• a third approach based on monitoring plans: comparison of measured or
calculated consumptions before and after the project, taking into account
changed framework conditions (e.g. climatic conditions, occupancy levels,
production levels); all monitoring plans must be submitted for pre-approval to
the AEEG and must conform with pre-determined criteria (e.g. sample size,
criteria to choose the measurement technology, etc.)

Most of the projects submitted to date are of the deemed saving and engineering
method variety. There is ex-post verification and certification of actual energy
savings achieved (yearly)

Watt-hour (Wh) meters &
What Would Have Happened (WWHH) meters

What Would Have Happened Meter
WWHH meter

1,000,000

750,000
kWh

500,000

Baseline Period Performance Period
250,000

Watt-hour Meter


Types of TEE

There are 3 different types of White Certificates

I type: reduction in the final use of EE;

II type: reduction in the final use of nautral gas;

III type: reduction in the final use of energy for transportation.

Types of projects
(definizione )

Standard projects
(according to a technical schede decided by the authority)
The saving are calcolated for number of devices (UFR) that
are object of the intervention (es.: number of burners
installed, m2 of windows replaced);
Analytical projects
(according to a technical schede decided by the authority)
The savings are calculated with a simple algorithm and
some few operating parameters.
Non-standard project
(according to a proposal of measurement plan (pppm)
presented by the ESCO)

Minimum dimensions of a project

Every project must demonstrate a minimum account of
savinf in order to obtain the TEE

Tipologia di
Soggetti obbligati Soggetti volontari
progetto
Standard 25 tep/anno
Analytical 100 tep 50 tep
Non standard 200 tep 100 tep

Il rispetto della dimensione minima viene verificato solo
nell’ambito della prima richiesta di verifica e
certificazione dei risparmi energetici (RVC).

TEE duration

La vita utile, definita nell’ambito dei decreti 20.7.04 è
pari a:
10 years for high efficiency cogeneration, (art. 30
comma 11 della Legge 23 luglio 2009, n. 99);
8 years for saving in civil application (windows,
insulation, bioclimatization, and so on);
5 years in other cases.


Some example of standard schede

•Scheda tecnica n. 17* Installazione di regolatori di flusso luminoso per lampade a vapori di
mercurio e lampade a vapori di sodio ad alta pressione negli impianti adibiti ad
illuminazione esterna;
•Scheda tecnica n. 5* Sostituzione di vetri semplici con doppi vetri;
•Scheda tecnica n. 6* Isolamento delle pareti e delle coperture;
•Scheda tecnica n. 7* Impiego di impianti fotovoltaici di potenza elettrica inferiore a 20
kW;
•Scheda tecnica n. 8* Impiego di collettori solari per la produzione di acqua calda
sanitaria;

•Scheda tecnica n. 19* Installazione di condizionatori ad aria esterna ad alta efficienza con
potenza frigorifera inferiore a 12 kWf;
•Scheda tecnica n. 20* Isolamento termico delle pareti e delle coperture per il raffrescamento
estivo in ambito domestico e terziario;
•Scheda tecnica n. 23 Sostituzione di lampade semaforiche a incandescenza con lampade
semaforiche a LED;
• Scheda tecnica n. 24 Sostituzione di lampade votive a incandescenza con lampade votive a
LED;

Laste standard schedes (2011)

Scheda tecnica n. 28 - Realizzazione di sistemi ad alta
efficienza per l’illuminazione di gallerie autostradali ed
extraurbane principali;

Scheda tecnica n. 29a - Realizzazione di nuovi sistemi di
illuminazione ad alta efficienza per strade destinate al
traffico motorizzato;

Scheda tecnica n. 29b - Installazione di corpi illuminanti ad
alta efficienza in sistemi di illuminazione esistente per strade
destinate al traffico motorizzato.


Obatained savings

From 1° january 2005 to 31 december 2010:
- 8,0 milions T.e.p. saved.
- 21,5 milions tonn CO2 avoided.

“The authority estimates that every white certificate has obtained
saviongs from 118 to 587 euro/Tep, with a cost from 89,92 to 100
euro/Tep.”


Energy Service Companies
(ESCo)


Definition of Energy saving

• 'energy service'
– means the physical benefit, utility or good derived from a
combination of energy with energy-efficient technology or
with action, which may include the operations, maintenance
and control necessary to deliver the service, which is delivered
on the basis of a contract and in normal circumstances has
proven to result in verifiable and measurable or estimable
energy efficiency improvement or primary energy savings;


Definition of Energy performance company

• 'energy performance contracting'
– means a contractual arrangement between the beneficiary and
the provider of an energy efficiency improvement measure,
verified and monitored during the whole term of the contract,
where investments (work, supply or service) in that measure
are paid for in relation to a contractually agreed level of
energy efficiency improvement or other agreed energy
performance criterion, such as financial savings.
'energy service provider'
means a natural or legal person who delivers energy services or
other energy efficiency improvement measures in a final
customer's facility or premises;

FTT with financing by the client


FTT with financing by the ESCO


Build-Own-Operate & Transfer (BOOT) contract

Customer &
Power Grid

Special
Purpose
Corporation

Asset Equity &
Ownership & ESCO Non-recourse
Management Debt Repayment

Turnkey Plant Design/Build

Performance Guarantees

Fuel Procurement

Plant O & M

Italian requirements for ESCo

• For the italian law the requirements ne3cessary to become an
'energy service provider' are very low: a company has only to
have the phrase “energy service” on its Chamber of Commerce
company registration
• In order to increase the professional level of the ESCo the UNI
(Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione) has introduced a specifica
standard:

• UNI CEI 11352 "Società che forniscono servizi energetici (ESCO) -
Requisiti generali e lista di controllo per la verifica dei requisiti“

• (general requirements and check list)

UNI 11352:2010

• At the moment there are about 20 ESCo certified according to this
standards
• A new law of march 2012 obblige the Public administration to buy
energy services only by ESCo that have the requirement specified
in the UNI 11352;
• (if an ESCO is certified the requirements are automatically
verified)


Energy manager
(D. Lgs. 10/1991)
and Energy expert


Energy Manager

• From the law 10/1991 every firm with a total consuption of
– More than 10.000 TOE for the industrial firm;
– More than 1.000 TOE for other sector;
• must nominate an Energy Manager.

• The Energy Manager is in charge for the rational (=efficient)
use of the energy and must support the high management in
every decision regarding the energy production and use.


Calculation of the total consuption

• The conversion factors for •Gasolio 1 t = 1,08 tep
•Olio combustibile 1 t = 0,98 tep
the calculation of the total
•Gas di petrolio liquefatto (GPL) 1 t= 1,10 tep
energy consuption are •Benzine 1 t = 1,20 tep
established by law: •Carbon fossile 1 t = 0,74 tep
•Carbone di legna 1 t = 0,75 tep
•Antracite e prodotti antracinosi 1 t = 0,70 tep
•Legna da ardere 1 t = 0,45 tep
•Lignite 1 t = 0,25 tep
•Gas naturale 1000 Nm3 (*) = 0,82 tep

Consumo in tep = 0,23 x consumo in MWh (*) se in alta o media tensione
Consumo in tep = 0,25 x consumo in MWh (*) se in bassa tensione


Calculation example


Calculation example
Uso Consumo EE Consumo Consumo Consumo Totale
(TEP/anno) metano gasolio pellet (TEP/a incidenza
(TEP/anno) (TEP/anno) (TEP/anno) nno)

Produzione 3,4 75,6 79,0 40,7%
vapore ---- ----
Produzione 40,9 40,9 21,1%
Linea 1 ---- ---- ----
Produzione 38,0 38,0 19,6%
Linea 2 ---- ---- ----
Produzione 23,0 23,0 11,9%
Linea 3 ---- ---- ----
Logistica 6,7 6,7 3,5%
---- ---- ----
Uffici 2,1 4,3 6,4 3,3%
---- ----
Totale 194,0 100%

Energy Expert

• Furthermore to the traditional Energy Manager (that is usually a
worker of the company) the UNI has introduces also a new figure,
an “energy expert”, a professional that has certified his knowledge
with a specific exam.
• UNI CEI 11339:2009 "Gestione dell'energia. Esperti in gestione
dell'energia. Requisiti generali per la qualificazione
• (Energy management expert. Requirements for the qualification)


Energy expert

• At the moment there are 40 energy expert certified in Italy.
• The professional value of the certification is little recognized from
the market
• Nevertheless in the short future they could have a strong
development: for istance the ESCo certified according to UNI
11352 must have a certified Energy Expert in their organization
chart


Energy expert in an ESCo


Certification of the Energy
Management System
ISO 50001:2011


The new ISO 50001 standard

• In June 2011, the International Organization for Standardization
released ISO 50001, a standard for energy management systems
• The standard aims to help organizations establish the systems
and processes to improve their energy performance, including
efficiency and consumption. The standard is applicable to all types
and sizes of organizations.
• The standard has replaced the european standard EN 16001:2009.


What can an Energy Management System
do for your company?

• Save money with improved operational efficiencies
• Decrease your energy intensity
• Provide data for fact based decisions
• Give support for organizational and cultural change
• Reduced environmental impact
• Visible demonstration of corporate social responsibility
• Positioning for future carbon accounting, regulations and taxes
• Positioning for future supply chain requirements

Copyright (Purdue Research Foundation 2010)

Industrial Energy Efficiency Benefits

Energy efficiency has demonstrated, time and again, that
It saves industrial firms money
It increase reliability of operations
It has a positive effect on productivity and competitiveness
It can offer attractive financial and economic returns
Reduces exposure to rising energy prices
Increases security of supply
….
then

Why it is not happening?

Barriers to greater energy efficiency

• Management focus is on production and not on energy efficiency
• Lack of information and understanding of financial and qualitative
benefits
• First costs are more important than recurring costs disconnection
between capital and operating budgets
• Lack of technical training on systems energy efficiency (energy and
management)
• Technical knowledge exists resides with
individuals rather than with the organization
sustainability risk
• Poor monitoring system and data for
overall operations


Barriers to greater energy efficiency

• Management focus is on production and not on energy efficiency
• Lack of information and understanding of financial and qualitative
benefits
• First costs are more important than recurring costs disconnection
between capital and operating budgets
• Lack of technical training on systems energy efficiency (energy and
management)
• Technical knowledge exists resides with
individuals rather than with the organization
sustainability risk
• Poor monitoring system and data for
overall operations


Industry and Energy Management

• Most energy efficiency in industry is achieved through changes in
how energy is managed in an industrial facility, rather than through
installation of new technologies;
• Actively managing energy requires an organizational change in
culture
• Top management needs to be engaged in the management of energy
on an ongoing basis.
• At its core, energy management requires a group of people to
change their behavior and sustain the change

Scope of energy management

facilities equipment personnel systems processes
58

Business Benefits

Implementation of an energy management plan assists a company to:
•Actively managing energy use and costs, reducing exposure to rising
energy costs
•Reduce emissions without negative effect on operations
•Continual improvement of energy intensity (energy use/product)
•Document savings for internal and external use (e.g. emission credits)
•Utilize company personnel and resources wisely


Energy Management Results

• Companies who have used energy management to achieve major
energy intensity improvements1 include:
– Dow Chemical achieved 22% improvement ($4B savings) between
1994 and 2005, and is now seeking another 25% from 2005 to 2015
– United Technologies Corp reduced global GHG emissions by 46% per
dollar of revenue from 2001 to 2006, and is now seeking an
additional 12% reduction from 2006 to 2010
– Toyota’s North American (NA) Energy Management Organization has
reduced energy use per unit by 23% since 2002; company-wide
energy-saving efforts have saved $9.2 million in NA since 1999.

1 Btu/lb of product

60

Why an Energy Management Standard?

An energy management system (EnMS):

• Strengthens management focus on energy
• Creates awareness /encourages commitment across a
company/organization
• Introduces and sustains a systematic approach to efficiency
• Requires management commitment of resources appropriate to the
goals of the EnMS
• Is based on measurement
• Provides continuity through changes in personnel


Ad hoc approach to energy management…

Energy audit and energy certification Source: UNIDO 2010

Structured Approach

Senior management
commit to program

Costs
Initial savings
+5%
sustained
0

-5% Housekeeping first – then
investment
-10%
Becomes company
-15% culture

-20% Investment

-25%
0 Years 3
Energy audit and energy certification Source: UNIDO 2010

What can an EnMS achieve?

• Most industrial enterprises that have implemented EnMS
achieved average annual energy intensity reductions of 2.0-
3.0% against the 1.0% reduction of business as usual
(Ireland, Netherlands, Denmark, USA)
• However, for companies new to energy management,
savings during the first 2 years are 10-20%
• EnMS accelerate adoption of energy efficient best-practices
and technology upgrades, enhancing productivity and
competitiveness

An EnMS improves a company’s bottom line

Benefits of a ISO 50001 system
• Interoperability - ISO 50001 is based on the plan-do-check-act approach,
as used in ISO 14001 and other management systems standards.
• Promote Energy Management and Performance in organizations -
Create transparency on the management of energy resources
• Promote Energy Savings - Assist organizations in making better use of
their existing energy-consuming assets


The PDCA cycle


Energy performance

• Energy performance
is a larger concept
than the simply
energy consumption


Energy planning process


Energy review: some examples
• Evaluate existing power consumption and metrics
– Utility bill analysis
– Benchmarking
– HVAC/Mechanical system audit
– Evaluate gas requirements (process & heating systems)
– Evaluate ventilation (efficiency & effectiveness)
– Controls (programmable thermostats, etc.)


Energy review: some examples
• Electrical system audit
– Motor efficiency / type
– Variable frequency drives
– Lighting (systems, bulb type, controls)
• Process system audit
– Process improvement
– Operations optimization
– Efficiency planning


Energy audit according the
UNI/TR 11428


UNI 11428

• Following the other standards on energy management (UNI
11339, UNI 11352, and so on) UNI has decided to introduce a
specific standard on energy audit
• UNI CEI/TR 11428:2011 "Gestione dell'energia - Diagnosi
energetiche - Requisiti generali del servizio di diagnosi energetica“
• (Energy audit – general requirements for energy audit service)

• In the following slides there will be a brief description of the
energy audit requirements.


Types of Energy Audits
DEMAND vs SUPPLY

• UNI 11428 and ASHRAE Energy Audits
– Level I (Walk-Through Analysis)
– Level II (Energy Survey & Analysis)
– Level III (Detailed Analysis of Capital – Intensive Modifications, aka
Process Audit)
• Renewable Energy Assessments
– Simple Discussion of Alternatives
– Desktop Analysis
– Feasibility Study


THE GOALS:
Address both Demand & Supply

• Possibly all facilities will have Level II or Level III audit
– Uncover operational and equipment changes for efficiency
– These audits are NOT free, but have very fast paybacks
• Possibly all facilities will discuss renewable energy options and
have a desktop analysis of promising alternatives
– Feasibility studies performed where potential exists for significant
energy production
• All facilities will use BOTH to develop a prioritized action list to
guide their next steps


Other names/types of audits

• Evaluate existing power consumption and metrics
– Utility bill analysis
– Benchmarking
• HVAC/Mechanical system audit
– Evaluate gas requirements (process & heating systems)
– Evaluate ventilation (efficiency & effectiveness)
– Controls (programmable thermostats, etc.)
• Electrical system audit
– Motor efficiency / type
– Variable frequency drives
– Lighting (systems, bulb type, controls)
• Process system audit
– Process improvement
– Operations optimization
– Efficiency planning

The Auditor’s Toolkit

• Building Loads Analysis and • eQuest
Systems • Elite CHVAC
• Steam System Scoping Tool • 3E Plus
• GENLYTE GENESIS II • SKM Power Tools
• COM Check-E2 3.0 Release I • Cummins Power Generation Power
Suite
• Motor Master + 3.0
• Caterpillar Electric Power Design Pro
• Pumping Assessment Tool (PSAT) • NYSERDA Checklists
• AIR Master + • EPA audit tool (draft)
• InfoWater Scheduler


76

Important Terms in Mass

• Utility = The energy (electric or gas) provider.
• PA = Program Administrator = MA investor-owned utilities (not
MLPs). Required by Green Communities Act to identify and
implement efficiency projects.
• Identification of Energy Efficiency Opportunities = ~ Level I audits


Walk Through Audit (Level I)

• DURATION: Several hours in the facility

• PRODUCT: Usually suggestions for low cost improvements to
lights/HVAC

• RESULTS: Quick payback projects that take advantage of utility
rebates


Energy Survey and Analysis
(Level II)

• DURATION: Several hours in facility plus additional time to review
energy bills, etc.
• PRODUCT: Suggestions for low cost improvements to lights/HVAC
and equipment upgrades in existing processes (e.g., VFDs,
premium efficiency motors)
• RESULTS: Quick payback projects that take advantage of utility
rebates


Process Energy Audit
(Level III)

• DURATION: One or more days in the facility, time to analyze
energy bills, develop pump curves, and possibly several weeks
of data gathering
• PRODUCT:
– Energy use in existing processes, alternative processes
– Potential design modifications
– Optimization of processes, equipment, design modifications
• RESULTS: Detailed operational and process suggestions with
both short and long paybacks, some capital-intensive projects
may require outside funding sources. Most likely to result in
significant savings


Renewable Energy Assessments

• Start small (discussion) and end large (€ 100k+ feasibility studies)
• Some energy auditors will do some level of renewable energy
assessment, usually discussion and desktop analysis with
recommendations for further study
• Renewable energy projects usually only cost-effective AFTER all
energy efficiency projects are completed.


Audit Results:
One Size Does Not Fit All

FACILITY AUDIT TYPE, AUDIT COST (free ANNUAL ENERGY ANNUAL SAVINGS
NAME LENGTH audits no longer COST
standard)

Barnestable Level I-II, 8 pgs Free via utility Not calculated $32,422

Edgartown (audit 1) Level II, 56 pgs Free via utility $209,328 $17,728

Edgartown (audit 2) Level II, 170 pgs Free via utility Not calculated $42,082
w/specs

GLSD Level III, 117 pgs ~$50,000 (split with $3,286,000 $1,028,000
utility)

Name Withheld (CT Level III plus ~$25,000 $319,000 $55,000 efficiency,
Water Facility) Desktop additional potential from
Energy audit and energy certification Renewables up to 530 KW 82
renewables

Two types of audits

Projected Annual Savings

Level II
Building and
Equipment Level III (Process)
Walkthrough Audit
Shut off computers, copiers nights/weekends $ 600 $ 600

Use Energy saver mode on Computers, copiers $ 250 $ 250

Lighting upgrades $ 500 $ 500

Upgrade Domestic HW system $ 2,000 $ 3,000

Install VFD on aeration blowers $ 20,000 .

Redesign Aeration system, install DO controls $ 50,000

Level II audit results

– Estimates of power usage by equipment type
– No detailed analysis of equipment specs and performance
– Estimates of implementation cost and payback
– Simple low cost solutions but less savings


Level III (Process) Audit Results

• Process Energy Audit report includes:
– Review of energy use
and rates
– Energy balance
– Pump systems evaluation
– Process systems evaluation
– Recommendations: Operational & Energy Conservation
– Cost benefit analysis of proposed projects
– Higher cost savings


Energy Balance example

WWTF Electric Energy Breakdown

Building Systems Prelim/Primary Treatment
Plant Water & Disinfection 2% 7%
8%
Sludge Drying
11%

Sludge Thickening/Dewatering
12% Biological System
37%

Digestion
14% Secondary/RAS Pumps
9%


Cost saving


Review

• All facilities will benefit from an audit
• Audits vary in size, scope, complexity, and cost
• PAs will help you fund audits and projects
• Renewable energy assessments are important but should come
after efficiency projects
• Audits that don’t lead to completed projects don’t save any
energy


Thank you!


Energy audit an energy certification

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