1. The global population is projected to grow significantly by 2050, putting pressure on resources and consumption. Cities will need to accommodate billions of new residents and reduce their environmental impact. 2. Green cities focus on improving environmental sustainability and quality of life through reducing carbon emissions, waste, and resource use. Smart cities use technology to more efficiently manage infrastructure and services. 3. Every city needs a strategic system to determine the appropriate balance of goals like social cohesion, economic competitiveness, sustainability, innovation and governance styles based on their own assets and needs. Labels like "green" and "smart" are less important than designing a customized future for each city.

1. Smart city vs. Green city vs. xxxx
which approach for which city
Summer School in “EU Economic Integration and Regional Development”
EIPA - Barcelona - 26 June 2013

2. SUMMARY
1.- The global situation according to:
●
The Royal Society (People and the Planet)
●
OECD (Green growth in cities 2013)
●
EU (2020 strategy and 2030 green paper)
●
Conclusions for cities
2.- Green city vs. smart city
3.- Future of cities

3. What is the world situation?
“People and the Planet” Report
The Royal Society (UK) – April 2012
•
7 billion people reached during 2011 and
between 8 and 10 billion by 2050
•
Consumption in richest countries is not affordable
for a population of 7 billions or more
•
Developing countries will be building the
equivalent of a city of one million people every 5
days form now to 2050.

4. What is the world situation?
“People and the Planet” Report
The Royal Society (UK) – April 2012
Recommendations:
§
Fight absolute poverty 1.3 Billion people <1,25$/day
§
Reduce material consumption levels
§
Control fertility rates
§
Population and environment should be considered jointly
§
New Urbanisation should reduce material consumption and
environmental impact
§
Develop new socio-economic systems not dependent on
continuous growth

5. What is the role for cities?
OECD
Green Growth in Cities 2013
An explosive urban growth expected for the coming decades
Today, 7 billion people, 50% in cities
By the end of the century, 10 billion people, 85% in cities
This means +5 billion dwellers to accommodate

6. What is the role for cities?
OECD (Green Growth in Cities 2013)
Cities play a disproportionate role in economic and
environmental performance of countries
2% of the OECD regions account for 1/3 of the OECD growth
In India and China, 5 largest cities
account for 5% of the population but
contribute 15% of national GDP
Cities account for 67% of global energy use and 71% of global
energy-related CO2 emissions
Urban policies are key for a glogal green growth

7. What is urban green growth?
OECD (Green Growth in Cities 2013)
It is fostering economic growth and development through urban
activities that reduce environmental impact
●
Low air pollution and CO2 emissions
●
Low consumption of natural resources (water, energy,
undeveloped land)
It is an opportunity to:
Create jobs
Attract firms and investment while
Improving local environmental quality and
Addressing global environmental challenges (climate change)

8. Benefits of urban green growth
OECD (Green Growth in Cities 2013)
For jobs creation,
energy-efficiency retrofits of buildings
For city attractiveness to firms and talent,
increase the efficiency of the transport system
For increased production of green goods,
foster green technology R+D+i
For an increase in the value of urban land,
urban redevelopment including infill and eco-districts

9. Benefits of urban green growth
In the Climate Change Economy, It's About Efficiency, Not
Just Growth. Emily Badger. The Atlantic Cities.

10. And what's the point with the EU?
European 2020 strategy (2010)
3 interlinked priorities:
1. Smart growth
Knowledge and Innovation based economy
2. Sustainable growth
a more efficient, greener and competitive economy
3. Inclusive growth
High-employment economy delivering social and territorial
cohesion

11. And what's the point with the EU?
European 2020 strategy (2010)
5 EU headline targets:
1. 75% employment rate
2. 3% investment in R&D (of EU GDP)
3. 20/20/20 climate/energy targets
4. <10% early school leavers & min. 40% hold a tertiary
degree
5. 20 million less people at risk of poverty

12. And what's the point with the EU?
An on-going 2030 consultation
for climate and energy policies
There are 3 EC Roadmaps for the objective of reducing
GreenHouse Gas emissions by 80 to 95% by 2050:
●
A competitive low carbon economy
●
Energy
●
Transport
By 2030 emissions should be reduced by 40% in the EU and
it should be a 30% share of renewable energy
Consultation is on how to ensure these objectives.

13. II. Green cities and Smart cities
Green city
vs.
Smart city?

14. Green City vs. Smart City
Green City
●
A Green city is a city which has made a
committment with “Green”
●
It means improving Environment Sustainability
and Quality of Life
●
With a number of indicators
– to measure city improvements and
– to compare with other cities
●
It is the will of the city to reduce its Carbon
footprint
§

15. Green City vs. Smart City
Green City
The fields where a Green City is willing to be better
are:
●
Energy reduction (buildings retrofit)
●
Renewable energies
●
Waste reduction and management
●
Water consumption reduction
●
Mobility improvement (transport, bikes,
pedestrians, compact cities)
§

16. Green City vs. Smart City
Smart City
A “Smart city” is a city that improves city management
through the use of technology
The EC Smart Cities Stakeholder Platform has working
groups on:
●
Energy supply networks
●
Energy efficiency and buildings
●
Transport and mobility
●
Finance coordination
●
Smart City roadmap

17. To be a Green City is a strategic goal for a city
Smart City is a way to efficiently manage the city

18. Future of Cities
Green Cities, Smart Cities,.......
OK, but.......
●
What to do with our city?
●
Which way must we bring her?
●
How to choose the right strategic goals?
Not an easy question because........

19. ….there are so much concepts arising
Clusters Green Cities Smart Cities
Social Cohesion Leadership Environment Sustainability
Collaboration Fight against poverty and
social exclusion
Talent
Competitiveness Macro-regions Technology
Knowledge Economy New Government styles Transparency
Social Economy Open data Voluntary work
Education Citizens Participation Re-industrialization
E-government PPP ………..
Innovation Re-localization ………..

20. ¿How to add all those concepts the right way?
§
We need classifying them......
§
…....give them priorities......
§
…...defining our objectives....
§
….understanding the relations between them.....
§
……and fitting all of it to our city needs!
Let's define a city strategic system!

21. Generando emprendedores en nuestra ciudad
2.- El sistema, hoy

22. The city strategic system
The system has 3 categories of elements :
Goals, tools and complements
1) The main goals, are the same for any town or city:
●
Social Cohesion
●
Economic Competitiveness
●
Environmental Sustainability

23. The city strategic system
2) The essential tools
●
Innovation
●
New Government Styles
3) The complements
●
They allow us to fit the strategy according to the
assets, resources, needs and will of our city

24. Generando emprendedores en nuestra ciudad
2.- El sistema, hoy

25. The city strategic system
So,
Green?
Smart?
Xxxxx?
Every city must design its own future

26. More on Local Development in my
free e-book at
www.alainjorda.com
read my posts on
ciudadinnova.blogspot.com
and follow me on twitter, linkedin and
facebook
http://www.slideshare.net/ajorda

27. Bibliographical references
§
People and the Planet. (The Royal Society, 2012)
§
Green Growth in Cities (OECD, 2013)
§
2020 EU Strategy and 2030 Eu Green Paper
§
In the Climate Change Economy, it's about efficiency, not just
growth. Emily Badger. The Atlantic Cities

28. Thank you!