International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design Of Sub Synchronous Damping Controller (SSDC) For TCSC To Improve Power...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Implementation of d space controlled dpwm basedeSAT Journals
Abstract The paper presents dSPACE controlled Induction motor drive fed through Discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) algorithm based voltage source inverter. Two important performance measuring factors harmonic distortion in line current and dc bus utilization of the inverter can be improved with Discontinuous PWM approach in comparison with the popular conventional space vector (CSVPWM) approach; the paper contemplates on the implementation of DPWM algorithm for pulse generation which in turn are fed to intelligent power module that feeds the motor drive through DS1104 PPC603e / 250 MHz control desk. The results conclude the successful implementation of dSPACE Controlled induction motor drive. To validate the proposed work, numerical simulation including the experimental results is presented. Keywords:-DPWM, dSPACE, RTI
Dual inverter fed induction motor drives provide more advantages in contrast with other multilevel inverter drives. Coupled PWM techniques provide good standard of output voltage than the decoupled PWM techniques for dual inverter configuration. In this paper analysis of open end winding induction motor by coupled random PWM signals and decoupled SVPWM signals was carried out. Induction motor by random PWM technique generate low acoustic noise and electromagnetic interference to near by systems. The performance evaluation of the drive wss implemented in MATLAB/simulink and the results were presented.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
1. The document presents space vector modulation for two leg inverters. Space vector modulation treats the inverter as a single unit and provides better voltage utilization compared to sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
2. Space vector modulation represents the reference voltage as a combination of four switching vectors and determines the switching times of each transistor based on the location of the reference vector in the selected sector.
3. Simulation results show that space vector modulation generates less output voltage harmonics than sinusoidal pulse width modulation for two leg inverters.
Performance Improvement of Multi Level Inverter fed Vector Controlled Inducti...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, the analysis of space vector based multi level inverter (MLI) fed vector controlled induction motor drive for a low speed operation is presented. The performance of indirect field oriented controlled induction motor drive (IMD) is poor with two-level inverter for low speed operations (LSO). The reduction in performance and peak value of torque are mainly due to the non-linearity caused by stator voltage drop and inverter. Hence the performance factors of induction motor drive are analyzed with the multi level inverters under different operating conditions. In this approach, the steady state ripple content in the current and torque waveforms are reduced and that to ripple content of torque is reduced from 0.15 to 0.05 under steady state with five-level inverter. When there is a step change in the load torque, the momentary decrease in speed with five-level inverter is less when compared two and three-level inverters and the speed response reaches the reference value very quickly with five-level inverter during steady state and transient periods. So the overall performance of drive is improved with five- level inverter when compared to two-level and three- level inverters under low speed operations.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Design Of Sub Synchronous Damping Controller (SSDC) For TCSC To Improve Power...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Implementation of d space controlled dpwm basedeSAT Journals
Abstract The paper presents dSPACE controlled Induction motor drive fed through Discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) algorithm based voltage source inverter. Two important performance measuring factors harmonic distortion in line current and dc bus utilization of the inverter can be improved with Discontinuous PWM approach in comparison with the popular conventional space vector (CSVPWM) approach; the paper contemplates on the implementation of DPWM algorithm for pulse generation which in turn are fed to intelligent power module that feeds the motor drive through DS1104 PPC603e / 250 MHz control desk. The results conclude the successful implementation of dSPACE Controlled induction motor drive. To validate the proposed work, numerical simulation including the experimental results is presented. Keywords:-DPWM, dSPACE, RTI
Dual inverter fed induction motor drives provide more advantages in contrast with other multilevel inverter drives. Coupled PWM techniques provide good standard of output voltage than the decoupled PWM techniques for dual inverter configuration. In this paper analysis of open end winding induction motor by coupled random PWM signals and decoupled SVPWM signals was carried out. Induction motor by random PWM technique generate low acoustic noise and electromagnetic interference to near by systems. The performance evaluation of the drive wss implemented in MATLAB/simulink and the results were presented.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
1. The document presents space vector modulation for two leg inverters. Space vector modulation treats the inverter as a single unit and provides better voltage utilization compared to sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
2. Space vector modulation represents the reference voltage as a combination of four switching vectors and determines the switching times of each transistor based on the location of the reference vector in the selected sector.
3. Simulation results show that space vector modulation generates less output voltage harmonics than sinusoidal pulse width modulation for two leg inverters.
Performance Improvement of Multi Level Inverter fed Vector Controlled Inducti...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, the analysis of space vector based multi level inverter (MLI) fed vector controlled induction motor drive for a low speed operation is presented. The performance of indirect field oriented controlled induction motor drive (IMD) is poor with two-level inverter for low speed operations (LSO). The reduction in performance and peak value of torque are mainly due to the non-linearity caused by stator voltage drop and inverter. Hence the performance factors of induction motor drive are analyzed with the multi level inverters under different operating conditions. In this approach, the steady state ripple content in the current and torque waveforms are reduced and that to ripple content of torque is reduced from 0.15 to 0.05 under steady state with five-level inverter. When there is a step change in the load torque, the momentary decrease in speed with five-level inverter is less when compared two and three-level inverters and the speed response reaches the reference value very quickly with five-level inverter during steady state and transient periods. So the overall performance of drive is improved with five- level inverter when compared to two-level and three- level inverters under low speed operations.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document describes a simulation of a space vector PWM controller for a five-level voltage-fed inverter motor drive. It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and some of the challenges in controlling them, specifically the increased complexity with more levels. It then presents a new approach to implementing space vector PWM for a five-level inverter by treating it as a conventional two-level system, making the calculations simpler. The methodology and implementation are described, including estimating switching times. Simulation results are presented showing the current, voltage and THD waveforms both with and without an LC filter. It is concluded that the proposed 2D system approach allows for simple implementation of SVPWM for a five-level inverter using common D
This document analyzes a transistor clamped H-bridge split phase PWM inverter. It presents the circuit diagram of the proposed inverter which uses coupled inductors to prevent short circuits and reduce reverse recovery losses. A double reference single carrier modulation technique is used to generate PWM signals from two reference signals and a triangular carrier, producing a five-level output voltage. Simulation results in MATLAB Simulink show the five-level output voltage waveform and total harmonic distortion of 8.43%, demonstrating reduced harmonics compared to conventional inverters. The proposed inverter topology and modulation control method aim to improve efficiency, reliability and output waveform quality.
3.[14 28]space vector based dual zero-vector random centered distribution pwm...Alexander Decker
This document presents a novel dual zero-vector random centered distribution PWM (DZRCDPWM) algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed algorithm uses two zero voltage vectors (V0 and V7) and selects one randomly based on the operating modulation index. Simulation results show the DZRCDPWM algorithm reduces acoustic noise harmonics compared to the conventional SVPWM algorithm by distributing the pulse patterns randomly. The DZRCDPWM provides better performance over the entire modulation index range for induction motor drive control with reduced acoustic noise.
11.space vector based dual zero vector random centered distribution pwm algor...Alexander Decker
This document presents a novel dual zero-vector random centered distribution PWM (DZRCDPWM) algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed algorithm uses two zero voltage vectors (V0 and V7) and selects one randomly based on the operating modulation index. Simulation results show the DZRCDPWM algorithm reduces acoustic noise harmonics compared to the conventional SVPWM algorithm by distributing the pulse patterns randomly. The DZRCDPWM provides better performance over the entire modulation index range for induction motor drive control with reduced acoustic noise.
This document discusses the digital implementation of space vector modulation (SVM) for a voltage source inverter (VSI) using an FPGA. It describes the SVM technique, how it can generate sinusoidal AC output from the VSI with minimal harmonics. It outlines the stages of digital implementation in MATLAB/Simulink using Xilinx blocks, including sector identification, duty cycle calculation, and generating gating signals. Simulation results validated the SVM method. The digital design was then implemented on an FPGA in real-time to generate switching pulses for the VSI. Testing with a motor load showed good agreement with simulation.
Space Vector Modulation(SVM) Technique for PWM InverterPurushotam Kumar
This document discusses space vector pulse width modulation (SVM) for three-phase voltage source inverters. It begins by introducing SVM and its benefits over other PWM techniques, such as reduced total harmonic distortion. It then provides details on how SVM works, including transforming a three-phase reference signal to a rotating vector in the d-q reference frame. The document explains the eight possible switching states, sectors, and how to calculate switching times to synthesize the reference signal using adjacent active vectors and zero vectors. It concludes by comparing SVM to sinusoidal PWM, showing SVM offers better voltage utilization and harmonic performance.
The document provides questions and answers related to power electronics topics such as IGBTs, thyristors, power diodes, MOSFETs, choppers, and inverters. Some key highlights include:
IGBTs are popular due to their lower heat requirements and switching losses compared to other devices. Thyristors can be turned on through various methods including forward voltage, gate, and light triggering. Power diodes have higher voltage, current, and power ratings than signal diodes. IGBTs, MOSFETs, and BJTs are voltage, voltage, and current controlled devices respectively based on their gate/base characteristics. PWM is a common control method for inverters and choppers
Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector Modulation For Two Level Voltage Source Conve...ZunAib Ali
1) The document describes a two level voltage source converter (VSC) that can operate as either a rectifier or inverter using carrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) or space vector modulation (SVM) control techniques.
2) The two level VSC consists of six switches that can be IGBTs or MOSFETs with anti-parallel diodes, allowing bidirectional power flow between the DC and AC sides.
3) Sinusoidal PWM compares a triangular carrier signal to three-phase modulating waves to generate switching pulses for the converter switches, while SVM represents the converter states as space vectors to calculate switching times.
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Technique Applied to Two Level Voltage So...Qusai Abdelrahman
Space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM provides a better technique compared to the other pulse width modulation techniques. This paper presents simulation and implementation of SVPWM signal generation for driving three phase two level voltage source inverter VSI, also proposes and analyzes a new switching sequence for generating an SVPWM. Simulation results are obtained using the simulation package PSIM. and the inverter performance is evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD). The model is experimentally implemented and verified on Arduino Mega Atmega2560 microcontroller.
Design and Simulation of Low Pass Filter for Single phase full bridge Inverte...IJERA Editor
Sinusoidal pulse width modulation SPWM technique is widely preferred to other modulation techniques as the
Inverter output frequency obtained is equal to the required fundamental frequency. SPWM with unipolar voltage
switching is used as it results in cancellation of harmonic component at the switching frequencyin the output
voltage, also the sidebands of the switching frequency harmonics disappear and in addition to this, other
dominant harmonic at twice the switching frequency gets eliminated. Hence, due to these advantages unipolar
voltage switching with SPWMis used for Inverter switching. In this paper, an in-depth analysis of unipolar
voltage switching technique with SPWM as applied to a single-phase full bridge Inverter is described and
designing of an efficient, active low pass filter LPF is discussed for an particular cut-off frequency,푓푐 and
damping factor zeta, 휁 and the filter is placed at the output side of a single-phase full bridge Inverter and
therefore eliminating the harmonic component from the Inverter output voltage resulting in a pure sinusoidal ac
voltage waveform.
Close Loop V/F Control of Voltage Source Inverter using Sinusoidal PWM, Third...IAES-IJPEDS
The aim of this paper to presents a comparative analysis of Voltage Source
Inverter using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Method, Third Harmonic
Injection Pulse Width Modulation Method and Space Vector Pulse Width
Modulation Two level inverter for Induction Motor. In this paper we have
designed the Simulink model of Inverter for different technique. An above
technique is used to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the AC
side of the Inverter. The Simulink model is close loop. Results are analyzed
using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) which is for analysis of the Total
Harmonic Distortion. All simulations are performed in the MATLAB
Simulink / Simulink environment of MATLAB.
This document summarizes speed control methods for induction machines. It discusses:
1) Speed control by changing the applied voltage, which varies the speed-torque curve but maintains a constant synchronous speed. This method is best for fan-type loads with low starting torque requirements.
2) Speed control by changing the rotor resistance using external resistors connected via slip rings. This shifts the maximum torque point to higher slip speeds while maintaining constant torque.
3) Cascade control, where the rotor output of one induction machine drives the stator of another, coupled mechanically. This provides two possible operating speeds.
4) Pole changing schemes, where the stator winding configuration is altered to produce different numbers of poles,
This document discusses space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for controlling a three-phase inverter that supplies power from a DC source to drive electric machines like wind turbine generators. It provides a brief history and introduction to SVPWM, explaining that it was developed in the 1980s and represents voltage vectors in three-phase space. The document outlines benefits like higher efficiency, voltage control, and reduced losses compared to sinusoidal PWM. It describes implementing SVPWM using an Arduino to generate PWM signals that create an average output voltage through rapid switching between active voltage vectors.
Harmonic comparisons of various PWM techniques for basic MLISaquib Maqsood
Cascaded inverters are ideal for connecting renewable energy sources with an AC grid, because of the need for separate dc sources, which is the case in applications such as photovoltaic or fuel cells. The inverter could be controlled to either regulate the power factor of the current drawn from the source or the bus voltage of the electrical system where the inverter was connected. The modulation techniques are crucial in operating any inverter at desired conditions. In this work different PWM techniques are implemented for five level cascaded multilevel inverter and THD variation is analyzed.
A Novel Direct Torque Control for Induction Machine Drive System with Low Tor...IAES-IJPEDS
This document describes a novel direct torque control method for induction machine drives using space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) to reduce torque and flux ripples. Simulation results show the proposed DTC-SVM control achieves lower ripples compared to the conventional DTC method. The DTC-SVM control strategy is designed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and implemented on an FPGA using Xilinx System Generator. Simulation results verify the DTC-SVM control is effective at minimizing torque and flux ripples for induction machine drives.
The document summarizes a student project to design and implement a 3-phase inverter using an 8051 microcontroller and MOSFET switches. Key aspects include:
1) The project uses Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) technique to generate sine waves with high voltage and low harmonic distortion for driving AC motors.
2) SVPWM approximates the reference voltage using combinations of the eight switching vector patterns.
3) An 8051 microcontroller was programmed to implement the SVPWM algorithm and control the MOSFET switches to generate the three-phase output voltages.
4) The students gained experience with electrical simulation tools and building the circuit with components.
A combined skewed ring oscillator by different type of delay stages is presented. This paper aims to drive a high stable and relatively high frequency but still use a full transistor circuit for ring oscillator with combined delay stages and skewed connections. First we propose two types of common inverters then calculate their delay time and analysis their dependence of delay time to variation of power supply voltage. The simulation results verify that delay time of these two CMOS inverters show opposite behaviour versus power supply changing. So a combined structure can obtain more appropriate frequency stability versus power supply noise. Also in order to increase oscillation frequency we have used the negative skewed delay
connections. The simulation results using HSPICE for 0.18 µm CMOS shows a good agreement with analysis results. In addition in this paper the mathematical justification for improved functioning of this combined skewed ring oscillator has been proved. This justification shows appropriate agreement with the
simulation results. From mathematical point of view the proposed ring oscillator has better frequency stability in comparison with other types of ring oscillators. In fact, the oscillation frequency sensitivity to supply voltage noise is reduced considerably.
Reactive power management of power networks with wind generationSpringer
The document discusses Static Var Compensators (SVCs) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), which are types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. It describes how SVC and STATCOM devices work, including their modes of operation, control techniques, and applications in electrical grids and wind farms. Specifically, SVCs function as dynamically controllable reactances while STATCOMs operate as controllable voltage sources. STATCOMs can inject reactive current regardless of voltage levels, offering advantages over SVCs for supporting grids with high wind power penetration.
Reactive power management of power networks with wind generationSpringer
The document discusses Static Var Compensators (SVCs) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), which are types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. It describes how SVC and STATCOM devices work, including their modes of operation, control techniques, and applications in electrical grids and wind farms. Specifically, it explains that SVCs function as dynamically controllable reactances while STATCOMs operate as controllable voltage sources, and that STATCOMs can inject reactive current regardless of voltage levels while SVCs have a quadratic dependence on voltage.
Transient Stability Enhancement of a Multi-Machine System using Particle Swar...IJERA Editor
In this paper an attempt has beenmade to investigate the transient stability enhancement of both SMIB and Multi-machine system using UPFC controller tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization. Power injection modelfor a series voltage source of UPFC has been implemented to replace UPFC by equivalent admittance. The admittance matrix of the power system is then modified according to the power injection model of UPFC. To mitigate the power oscillations in the system, the required amount of series voltage injected by UPFC controller has been computed in order to damp inter area & local mode of oscillations in multi-machine system.
Este documento presenta información sobre normas ASME para el diseño de tuberías de proceso. Describe varios códigos ASME como B31.1, B31.3, B31.4 y B31.8 que establecen requisitos para el diseño, materiales, fabricación y pruebas de tuberías. También cubre clasificaciones de servicios de fluidos, condiciones de diseño, y esfuerzos en tuberías. El objetivo principal del documento es proporcionar una introducción a las normas ASME para el diseño de sistemas de tuberías
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
This document describes a simulation of a space vector PWM controller for a five-level voltage-fed inverter motor drive. It begins by introducing multilevel inverters and some of the challenges in controlling them, specifically the increased complexity with more levels. It then presents a new approach to implementing space vector PWM for a five-level inverter by treating it as a conventional two-level system, making the calculations simpler. The methodology and implementation are described, including estimating switching times. Simulation results are presented showing the current, voltage and THD waveforms both with and without an LC filter. It is concluded that the proposed 2D system approach allows for simple implementation of SVPWM for a five-level inverter using common D
This document analyzes a transistor clamped H-bridge split phase PWM inverter. It presents the circuit diagram of the proposed inverter which uses coupled inductors to prevent short circuits and reduce reverse recovery losses. A double reference single carrier modulation technique is used to generate PWM signals from two reference signals and a triangular carrier, producing a five-level output voltage. Simulation results in MATLAB Simulink show the five-level output voltage waveform and total harmonic distortion of 8.43%, demonstrating reduced harmonics compared to conventional inverters. The proposed inverter topology and modulation control method aim to improve efficiency, reliability and output waveform quality.
3.[14 28]space vector based dual zero-vector random centered distribution pwm...Alexander Decker
This document presents a novel dual zero-vector random centered distribution PWM (DZRCDPWM) algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed algorithm uses two zero voltage vectors (V0 and V7) and selects one randomly based on the operating modulation index. Simulation results show the DZRCDPWM algorithm reduces acoustic noise harmonics compared to the conventional SVPWM algorithm by distributing the pulse patterns randomly. The DZRCDPWM provides better performance over the entire modulation index range for induction motor drive control with reduced acoustic noise.
11.space vector based dual zero vector random centered distribution pwm algor...Alexander Decker
This document presents a novel dual zero-vector random centered distribution PWM (DZRCDPWM) algorithm for direct torque controlled induction motor drive to reduce acoustic noise. The proposed algorithm uses two zero voltage vectors (V0 and V7) and selects one randomly based on the operating modulation index. Simulation results show the DZRCDPWM algorithm reduces acoustic noise harmonics compared to the conventional SVPWM algorithm by distributing the pulse patterns randomly. The DZRCDPWM provides better performance over the entire modulation index range for induction motor drive control with reduced acoustic noise.
This document discusses the digital implementation of space vector modulation (SVM) for a voltage source inverter (VSI) using an FPGA. It describes the SVM technique, how it can generate sinusoidal AC output from the VSI with minimal harmonics. It outlines the stages of digital implementation in MATLAB/Simulink using Xilinx blocks, including sector identification, duty cycle calculation, and generating gating signals. Simulation results validated the SVM method. The digital design was then implemented on an FPGA in real-time to generate switching pulses for the VSI. Testing with a motor load showed good agreement with simulation.
Space Vector Modulation(SVM) Technique for PWM InverterPurushotam Kumar
This document discusses space vector pulse width modulation (SVM) for three-phase voltage source inverters. It begins by introducing SVM and its benefits over other PWM techniques, such as reduced total harmonic distortion. It then provides details on how SVM works, including transforming a three-phase reference signal to a rotating vector in the d-q reference frame. The document explains the eight possible switching states, sectors, and how to calculate switching times to synthesize the reference signal using adjacent active vectors and zero vectors. It concludes by comparing SVM to sinusoidal PWM, showing SVM offers better voltage utilization and harmonic performance.
The document provides questions and answers related to power electronics topics such as IGBTs, thyristors, power diodes, MOSFETs, choppers, and inverters. Some key highlights include:
IGBTs are popular due to their lower heat requirements and switching losses compared to other devices. Thyristors can be turned on through various methods including forward voltage, gate, and light triggering. Power diodes have higher voltage, current, and power ratings than signal diodes. IGBTs, MOSFETs, and BJTs are voltage, voltage, and current controlled devices respectively based on their gate/base characteristics. PWM is a common control method for inverters and choppers
Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector Modulation For Two Level Voltage Source Conve...ZunAib Ali
1) The document describes a two level voltage source converter (VSC) that can operate as either a rectifier or inverter using carrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) or space vector modulation (SVM) control techniques.
2) The two level VSC consists of six switches that can be IGBTs or MOSFETs with anti-parallel diodes, allowing bidirectional power flow between the DC and AC sides.
3) Sinusoidal PWM compares a triangular carrier signal to three-phase modulating waves to generate switching pulses for the converter switches, while SVM represents the converter states as space vectors to calculate switching times.
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Technique Applied to Two Level Voltage So...Qusai Abdelrahman
Space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM provides a better technique compared to the other pulse width modulation techniques. This paper presents simulation and implementation of SVPWM signal generation for driving three phase two level voltage source inverter VSI, also proposes and analyzes a new switching sequence for generating an SVPWM. Simulation results are obtained using the simulation package PSIM. and the inverter performance is evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD). The model is experimentally implemented and verified on Arduino Mega Atmega2560 microcontroller.
Design and Simulation of Low Pass Filter for Single phase full bridge Inverte...IJERA Editor
Sinusoidal pulse width modulation SPWM technique is widely preferred to other modulation techniques as the
Inverter output frequency obtained is equal to the required fundamental frequency. SPWM with unipolar voltage
switching is used as it results in cancellation of harmonic component at the switching frequencyin the output
voltage, also the sidebands of the switching frequency harmonics disappear and in addition to this, other
dominant harmonic at twice the switching frequency gets eliminated. Hence, due to these advantages unipolar
voltage switching with SPWMis used for Inverter switching. In this paper, an in-depth analysis of unipolar
voltage switching technique with SPWM as applied to a single-phase full bridge Inverter is described and
designing of an efficient, active low pass filter LPF is discussed for an particular cut-off frequency,푓푐 and
damping factor zeta, 휁 and the filter is placed at the output side of a single-phase full bridge Inverter and
therefore eliminating the harmonic component from the Inverter output voltage resulting in a pure sinusoidal ac
voltage waveform.
Close Loop V/F Control of Voltage Source Inverter using Sinusoidal PWM, Third...IAES-IJPEDS
The aim of this paper to presents a comparative analysis of Voltage Source
Inverter using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Method, Third Harmonic
Injection Pulse Width Modulation Method and Space Vector Pulse Width
Modulation Two level inverter for Induction Motor. In this paper we have
designed the Simulink model of Inverter for different technique. An above
technique is used to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the AC
side of the Inverter. The Simulink model is close loop. Results are analyzed
using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) which is for analysis of the Total
Harmonic Distortion. All simulations are performed in the MATLAB
Simulink / Simulink environment of MATLAB.
This document summarizes speed control methods for induction machines. It discusses:
1) Speed control by changing the applied voltage, which varies the speed-torque curve but maintains a constant synchronous speed. This method is best for fan-type loads with low starting torque requirements.
2) Speed control by changing the rotor resistance using external resistors connected via slip rings. This shifts the maximum torque point to higher slip speeds while maintaining constant torque.
3) Cascade control, where the rotor output of one induction machine drives the stator of another, coupled mechanically. This provides two possible operating speeds.
4) Pole changing schemes, where the stator winding configuration is altered to produce different numbers of poles,
This document discusses space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for controlling a three-phase inverter that supplies power from a DC source to drive electric machines like wind turbine generators. It provides a brief history and introduction to SVPWM, explaining that it was developed in the 1980s and represents voltage vectors in three-phase space. The document outlines benefits like higher efficiency, voltage control, and reduced losses compared to sinusoidal PWM. It describes implementing SVPWM using an Arduino to generate PWM signals that create an average output voltage through rapid switching between active voltage vectors.
Harmonic comparisons of various PWM techniques for basic MLISaquib Maqsood
Cascaded inverters are ideal for connecting renewable energy sources with an AC grid, because of the need for separate dc sources, which is the case in applications such as photovoltaic or fuel cells. The inverter could be controlled to either regulate the power factor of the current drawn from the source or the bus voltage of the electrical system where the inverter was connected. The modulation techniques are crucial in operating any inverter at desired conditions. In this work different PWM techniques are implemented for five level cascaded multilevel inverter and THD variation is analyzed.
A Novel Direct Torque Control for Induction Machine Drive System with Low Tor...IAES-IJPEDS
This document describes a novel direct torque control method for induction machine drives using space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) to reduce torque and flux ripples. Simulation results show the proposed DTC-SVM control achieves lower ripples compared to the conventional DTC method. The DTC-SVM control strategy is designed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and implemented on an FPGA using Xilinx System Generator. Simulation results verify the DTC-SVM control is effective at minimizing torque and flux ripples for induction machine drives.
The document summarizes a student project to design and implement a 3-phase inverter using an 8051 microcontroller and MOSFET switches. Key aspects include:
1) The project uses Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) technique to generate sine waves with high voltage and low harmonic distortion for driving AC motors.
2) SVPWM approximates the reference voltage using combinations of the eight switching vector patterns.
3) An 8051 microcontroller was programmed to implement the SVPWM algorithm and control the MOSFET switches to generate the three-phase output voltages.
4) The students gained experience with electrical simulation tools and building the circuit with components.
A combined skewed ring oscillator by different type of delay stages is presented. This paper aims to drive a high stable and relatively high frequency but still use a full transistor circuit for ring oscillator with combined delay stages and skewed connections. First we propose two types of common inverters then calculate their delay time and analysis their dependence of delay time to variation of power supply voltage. The simulation results verify that delay time of these two CMOS inverters show opposite behaviour versus power supply changing. So a combined structure can obtain more appropriate frequency stability versus power supply noise. Also in order to increase oscillation frequency we have used the negative skewed delay
connections. The simulation results using HSPICE for 0.18 µm CMOS shows a good agreement with analysis results. In addition in this paper the mathematical justification for improved functioning of this combined skewed ring oscillator has been proved. This justification shows appropriate agreement with the
simulation results. From mathematical point of view the proposed ring oscillator has better frequency stability in comparison with other types of ring oscillators. In fact, the oscillation frequency sensitivity to supply voltage noise is reduced considerably.
Reactive power management of power networks with wind generationSpringer
The document discusses Static Var Compensators (SVCs) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), which are types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. It describes how SVC and STATCOM devices work, including their modes of operation, control techniques, and applications in electrical grids and wind farms. Specifically, SVCs function as dynamically controllable reactances while STATCOMs operate as controllable voltage sources. STATCOMs can inject reactive current regardless of voltage levels, offering advantages over SVCs for supporting grids with high wind power penetration.
Reactive power management of power networks with wind generationSpringer
The document discusses Static Var Compensators (SVCs) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), which are types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. It describes how SVC and STATCOM devices work, including their modes of operation, control techniques, and applications in electrical grids and wind farms. Specifically, it explains that SVCs function as dynamically controllable reactances while STATCOMs operate as controllable voltage sources, and that STATCOMs can inject reactive current regardless of voltage levels while SVCs have a quadratic dependence on voltage.
Transient Stability Enhancement of a Multi-Machine System using Particle Swar...IJERA Editor
In this paper an attempt has beenmade to investigate the transient stability enhancement of both SMIB and Multi-machine system using UPFC controller tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization. Power injection modelfor a series voltage source of UPFC has been implemented to replace UPFC by equivalent admittance. The admittance matrix of the power system is then modified according to the power injection model of UPFC. To mitigate the power oscillations in the system, the required amount of series voltage injected by UPFC controller has been computed in order to damp inter area & local mode of oscillations in multi-machine system.
Este documento presenta información sobre normas ASME para el diseño de tuberías de proceso. Describe varios códigos ASME como B31.1, B31.3, B31.4 y B31.8 que establecen requisitos para el diseño, materiales, fabricación y pruebas de tuberías. También cubre clasificaciones de servicios de fluidos, condiciones de diseño, y esfuerzos en tuberías. El objetivo principal del documento es proporcionar una introducción a las normas ASME para el diseño de sistemas de tuberías
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
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Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)maditabalnco
This document contains 20 photos from news events around the world between January and November 2016. The photos show international events like the US presidential election, the conflict in Ukraine, the migrant crisis in Europe, the Rio Olympics, and more. They also depict human interest stories and natural phenomena from various countries.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
32 Ways a Digital Marketing Consultant Can Help Grow Your BusinessBarry Feldman
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Improvise 3-Level DTC of Induction Machine using Constant Switching Frequency...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the advantage of using optimal PI parameter tuning strategy of constant switching method in the three phase Direct torque control (DTC) scheme. The DTC system is known to offer fast decoupled control of torque and flux via a simple control structure. Nevertheless, DTC system has two major drawbacks, which are the variable inverter switching frequency and high torque output ripple. The major factorthat contributes to these problems the usage of hysteresis based comparators to control the output torque. The implementation of PI based constant switching method in DTC able to solve these problems while retaining the simple control structure of conventional DTC. The combination usage of 3-level CHMI in this system can further minimize the output torque ripple by providing greater number of vectors. This paper presents detail explanation and calculationof optimal PI parameter tuning strategyconsecutively to enhance the performance of 3-level DTC system. In order to validate the feasibility, the proposed method compared with convention DTC system via simulation and experiment results.
Performance Analysis Of Induction Motor For Voltage Mode And Current Mode Con...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance analysis of an induction motor using voltage mode and current mode control. It compares hysteresis current control and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Hysteresis control directly limits current peaks but SVPWM provides higher voltage output and lower harmonic distortion. The document simulates an induction motor drive using SVPWM-based hysteresis current control in MATLAB. Key steps include Clark transformation to generate reference signals, switching between active and zero vectors to synthesize the reference signal, and using hysteresis control to generate PWM signals from current errors. Simulation results show the SVPWM controller provides good speed and current regulation for the induction motor.
Analysis of SVPWM for Inverter fed DTC of Induction motor DriveIJSRED
This document analyzes and compares space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) for controlling an induction motor drive using direct torque control (DTC). It finds that SVPWM reduces harmonic content in voltages and currents compared to SPWM, allowing for higher output voltage. The document simulates an induction motor drive using SVPWM and proportional-integral control in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show SVPWM provides improved torque waveform quality over SPWM and DTC with a PI controller alone.
Stator flux oriented vector control of wind driven self excited induction gen...Alexander Decker
This document discusses stator flux oriented vector control of a wind-driven self-excited induction generator connected to the grid through a cycloconverter. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed to simulate the system. Key points:
1. A stator flux oriented control scheme is used to regulate the voltage and frequency of the self-excited induction generator.
2. A cycloconverter is used to interface the generator output to the grid, which helps eliminate harmonics but results in lower output voltage. This is compensated using a step-up transformer.
3. Simulation results under load and fault conditions like sudden load and short circuit are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method in regulating
Modified SVPWM Algorithm for 3-Level Inverter Fed DTC Induction Motor DriveIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a modified space vector pulse width modulation (MSVPWM)
algorithm is developed for 3-level inverter fed direct torque controlled
induction motor drive (DTC-IMD). MSVPWM algorithm simplifies
conventional space vector pulse width modulation (CSVPWM) algorithm for
multilevel inverter (MLI), whose complexity lies in sector/subsector/subsubsector
identification; which will commensurate with number of levels. In
the proposed algorithm sectors are identified as in two level inverter
and subsectors/sub-subsectors are identified by shifting the original reference
vector to sector 1 (S1). This is valid due to the fact that a three level space
vector plane is a composition of six two level space planes, and are
symmetrical with reference to six pivot states. Switching state/sequence
selection is also very important while dealing with SVPWM strategy for
MLI. In the proposed algorithm out of 27 available switching states apt
switching state is selected based on sector and subsector number, such that
voltage ripple is considerably less. To validate the proposed algorithm, it is
tested on a three level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter fed DTC-IMD.
The performance of the MSVPWM algorithm is analyzed by comparing no
load stator current ripple of the three level DTC-IMD with two level
DTC-IMD. Significant reduction in steady state torque and flux ripple is
observed. Hence, reduced acoustic noise is a distinctive facet of the proposed
method.
Implementation of ac induction motor control using constant vhz principle and...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents the hardware implementation of V/f control of induction motor using sine wave PWM method. Because of its
simplicity, the V/F control also called as the scalar control, is the most widely used speed control method in the industrial
applications. In this method the ratio between stator voltage to frequency is maintained constant so that the stator flux is
maintained constant. As the stator flux is maintained constant, the torque developed by the motor depends only on the slip speed
and is independent of the supply frequency. Thus we can control the speed and torque of induction motor by simply controlling the
slip speed of induction motor. The complete control is achieved with the help of TMS320F28027 Development Board. One of the
basic requirements of this scheme is the PWM inverter. The gating signals are generated using sine wave PWM technique.
Implementation issues such as PWM signal generation, ramp control, v/f control, inverter design are discussed. The results are
discussed based on the various waveforms.
KeyWords: v/f control, Induction motor, PWM, and Scalar control
Direct Torque Control of Four Switch Three Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents sensorless speed control of induction motor (IM) using four switch three phase inverter (FSTPI) with direct torque and flux control (DTFC). The proposed sensorless DTFC system consists of an adaptive observer of rotor flux to accurately estimate stator resistance and speed simultaneously, without affecting drive performances. The switching technique for DTFC of IM using FSTPI in low power application is based on the principle of similarity between FSTPI and SSTPI (six switch three phase inverter), where the αβ plan is divided into 6 sectors and the formation of the voltage space vector is done in the same way as for SSTPI by using effective (mean) vectors. This approach allows using the well-known established switching table of SSTPI for FSTPI. The simulation results indicates that the sensorless speed control of FSTPI fed IM with DTFC and adaptive observer provides accurate estimate, good trajectory tracking with different dynamics performance. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method at different operating points.
1) The document presents a new zero-voltage switching (ZVS) topology for a three-phase grid-connected inverter. The topology uses an additional active clamping leg to achieve ZVS for all the main switches.
2) A new space vector modulation scheme is proposed to control the inverter such that the auxiliary switch operates at the same frequency as the main switches. This ensures ZVS turn-on of the main switches.
3) Simulation results on a 30kW prototype verify that the ZVS topology reduces switching losses, improves efficiency, and makes the inverter suitable for practical high power applications.
This document presents a comparative study of five-level and seven-level diode-clamped inverters controlled by space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). MATLAB/SIMULINK models of the two inverter topologies were developed. SVPWM control algorithms based on symmetrical sequence were used for each inverter. Both inverters were simulated driving an induction motor. The results showed that the seven-level inverter produced less harmonic distortion and torque fluctuations in the motor, while the five-level inverter had lower commutation losses. The seven-level inverter provided better motor dynamic response.
In a power system, Low Frequency Oscillations (LFOs) are dangerous and make system unstable. These oscillations are referred to small signal stability and they are mainly due to lack of damping torque. This insufficient damping torque is because of high gain and low time constant of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). AVR is useful for maintaining the terminal voltage of synchronous machine as constant. While doing so, it will make the system damping torque as negative. For providing required damping torque thereby minimizing the LFOs, Power System Stabilizer is used in conjunction with AVR. In this paper for SMIB system, the stability is studied with the help of eigen values before and after placement of PSS with optimized PSS parameters using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). The simulation work is performed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK and corresponding results are presented and analyzed.
This document describes a direct torque control (DTC) scheme for an induction motor that uses a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to reduce torque ripples. The DTC controls the motor torque and flux by selecting inverter voltage vectors. Typically this results in torque ripples. The FLC is designed to adaptively adjust the bandwidth of the torque hysteresis controller based on changes in motor torque and current over time. This helps minimize torque ripples and improve dynamic response. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink confirm that the FLC-based DTC scheme effectively controls the induction motor with reduced torque ripples compared to conventional DTC.
This document proposes using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with a complex Morlet wavelet to detect low frequency oscillations in a power system. CWT is applied to signals measured from a two-area four-machine power system model. The results extract the frequency and damping of inter-area oscillations, which closely match those obtained from eigenvalue analysis. This demonstrates CWT as an effective technique for identifying low frequency oscillations in power systems.
Simulation of Direct Torque Control of Induction motor using Space Vector Mo...IJMER
This document presents a simulation of direct torque control (DTC) of an induction motor using space vector modulation (SVM). It begins with an introduction to DTC and its advantages over field oriented control. It then describes the induction motor model and equations used in the simulation. The paper explains the DTC-SVM scheme, including flux and torque estimation, hysteresis controllers, voltage vector selection, and the simulation developed in MATLAB. The results show uniform torque production with reduced ripple compared to without DTC control. In conclusion, DTC-SVM provides improved dynamic performance over conventional DTC.
Total Harmonic Distortion of Dodecagonal Space Vector ModulationIJPEDS-IAES
Space vector modulation technique is one of the best PWM techniques which have been implemented to the Multilevel inverter circuit to get the purely sinusoidal cuurent. This is a important algorithm which is implemented in open wind induction motor. This type of I.M has great impact on Electric Drive system. SVM is nothing but the technique of switching algorithm. The Hexagonal space vector modulation has been implemented before, but elimination of higher order harmonics is not possible. Torque pulsation arises. Speed control of Induction motor was not smooth. So Dodecagonal (12) structure developed. A 12 side polygonal space vector structure is meant for eliminating (6n±1) harmonics in the phase current waveform throughout the modulating range. A high resolution of PWM technique is proposed involving multiple 12 sided polygonal (Dodecagonal) structure that can generate highly sinusoidal voltage at a reduced switching frequency. In this paper different values of frequencies have been taken for harmonic analysis. SVM method features a higher level of dc-bus voltage utilization compared to the conventional PWM.
This document presents a new method for starting induction motors to improve transient torque pulsations. It develops a mathematical model of a 415V, 4.7A, 1435rpm induction motor in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed method connects two phases (Y and B) at startup, with the third phase (R) delayed by 0.0133333 seconds. Simulations show this unbalanced startup reduces torque pulsations and starting current compared to normal startup. The method provides smooth motor acceleration and high starting torque with minimized transients, making it suitable for induction motor applications.
Simulation Investigation of SPWM, THIPWM and SVPWM Techniques for Three Phase...IJPEDS-IAES
This document summarizes and compares three pulse width modulation techniques - sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM), and space vector PWM (SVPWM) - for a three-phase voltage source inverter. SPWM is the simplest technique but has drawbacks like higher total harmonic distortion and lower switching frequency. THIPWM provides better THD than SPWM. SVPWM shows lower THD than both SPWM and THIPWM, especially in overmodulation regions and at high frequencies. The document presents the theoretical principles, simulation models, and results of the three techniques, showing that SVPWM achieves the best performance and meets current harmonic standards.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Improved Torque Control Performance in Direct Torque Control using Optimal Sw...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the significant improvement of Direct Torque Control (DTC) of 3-phases induction machine using a Cascaded H- Bidge Multilevel Inverter (CHMI). The largest torque ripple and variable switching frequency are known as the major problem founded in DTC of induction motor. As a result, it can diminish the performance induction motor control. Therefore, the conventional 2- level inverter has been replaced with CHMI the in order to increase the performance of the motor either in dynamic or steady-state condition. By using the multilevel inverter, it can produce a more selection of the voltage vectors. Besides that, it can minimize the torque ripple output as well as increase the efficiency by reducing the switching frequency of the inverter. The simulation model of the proposed method has been developed and tested by using Matlab software. Its improvements were also verified via experimental results.
This document discusses variable switch reluctance motors (VSRM). It describes the basic components and operation of a VSRM, including how torque is produced through energizing winding pairs in a precise sequence. The document also compares VSRMs to other motor types and discusses their advantages like low material cost and ability to be precisely programmed to match different loads. Control of VSRMs requires switching winding excitation on and off using techniques like advanced DSP control schemes. Both advantages and shortcomings of VSRMs are examined.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
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"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
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Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
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Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during Migration
Eh35754760
1. B. Mazreena Begum et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.754-760
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
Space Vector Based Random Pwm Algorithms Based Direct
Torque Controlled Induction Motor Drive
B. Mazreena Begum1, Dr. T. Bramhananda Reddy2
1
2
M.Tech, Department of EEE, G.Pulla Reddy Engineering College, Kurnool, A.P, INDIA
Assosiate Professor E.E.E Department, G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College Kurnool, A.P, INDIA
ABSTRACT
In this proposed paper, to get fast transient response, DTC algorithm has to be developed for an /induction
motor. Then, to get constant frequency, hysteresis controllers have to be replaced with space vector PWM
(SVPWM) modulator. However, the SVPWM algorithm gives more harmonic distortion. Hence, to reduce the
complexity involved in classical SVPWM algorithm and acoustical noise, various spread spectrum modulation
methods which are also known as random pulse width modulation algorithms, have to be developed by using the
instantaneous phase voltages only. The proposed paper mainly focuses on the generation of a family of spread
spectrum modulation methods by using both space vector approach. To validate the proposed algorithms,
several numerical simulation studies have been developed by using Matlab-Simulink. Finally the simulation
results are compared with the existing methods.
Keywords: Induction Motor, Total Harmonic Distortion,Direct Torque Control,Space Vector PWM,Random
PWM
I.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, Induction Motors drives are
popular in industries, because of their advantages over
the DC drives. The variable speed induction motor
drives need a better transient performance compared
with steady state operation. In high performance speed
control applications, the direct torque control (DTC) is
very popular. Almost three decades ago,I n 1985
Takahashi presented the first paper on DTC for
induction motors. Since that time the technique was
completely developed and several papers have been
published on DTC. Using DTC, it has been possible to
combine the induction motor structural robustness
with the control simplicity and efficiency of a direct
current (DC) motor. This evolution resulted to a
replacement of the DC machines by induction motor
in many applications in the last few years. DTC is
method to control machine with utilizing torque and
flux of motor controlled. The basic DTC scheme
consists of two comparators having different features,
switching table, Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), flux
and torque estimation block and IM. A classical DTC
drive system, which is based on a fixed hysteresis
bands for both torque and flux controllers, suffers
from a varying switching frequency, which is a
function of the motor speed, stator/rotor fluxes, and
stator voltage; it is also not constant in steady state.
Variable switching frequency is undesirable. At low
speed, an appreciable level of acoustic noise is
present, which is mainly due to the low inverter
switching frequency. The high frequency is limited by
the switching characteristics of the power devices.
Therefore, there will be large torque ripples and
distorted waveforms in currents and fluxes. In recent
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years, the space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithm is
attracting many researchers to overcome these
anomalies.
II.
DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF
INDUCTION MOTOR
Principle of DTC:
The electromagnetic torque of a three-phase
induction motor can be written as
-(1)
where η is the angle between the stator flux linkage
space vector ( ψs) and rotor flux linkage space vector (
ψr), as shown in Fig. 1 and σ is the leakage
coefficient given by
Movement with active
forward vector
Stops with zero vectors
qs
ψs
Movement with active
backward vector
η
Rotates continuously
ψr
ds
Fig.1 ψs movement relative to ψr under influence
of voltage vectors:
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The expression given in (1) is valid for both
the steady state and transient state conditions. In
steady state both the stator flux and rotor flux moves
with the same angular velocity. The rotor flux lags the
stator flux by torque angle. But during transients these
two vectors do not have the same velocity. From (1), it
is clear that the motor torque can be varied by varying
the rotor or stator flux linkage vectors. The magnitude
of the stator flux is normally kept constant. The rotor
time constant of a standard squirrel-cage induction
machine is very large, thus the rotor flux linkage
changes very slowly compared to the stator flux
linkage. So assuming both to be
Constant, it follows from (1) that torque can be rapidly
changed by changing ‘η
This is the essence of “Direct Torque Control”.
III.
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0 and 7, and employs the switching sequence 0-1-2-7
or 7-2-1-0 in a subcycle in sector I
V2∠60
T2
TZ
T1
VREF
V1∠
Fig-3.Switching times of Sector I
From Fig 3 principle of volt-time balance T1,
T2 and TZ can be calculated as:
SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH
MODULATION
A Three-phase voltage source inverter has
eight switching states as shown in Fig 2
V2(110)
V (010)
3
II
III
I
vREF
α
V4(011)
V1(100)
IV
VI
V
V5(001)
V6(101)
Fig.2 Inverter states o get and voltage vectors of threephase inverter
Three phase voltage inverter has two zero
states (- - - and + + +) which short the motor terminals
and produce a voltage vector of zero magnitude. The
other six states are active states produces an active
voltage vector each. These active vectors divide the
space vector plane into six sectors and are of equal
magnitude as shown in Fig 2.The active voltage
vectors or active states can be represented as
Where k=1,2,…..6
(2)
3.1 Switching Sequences
In space vector-based PWM, the voltage
reference, is provided by revolving reference vector
(Fig 2), which is sampled once in every sub cycle Ts.
Given a sampled reference vector of magnitude VREF
and angle α in sector I as shown in fig. 2, the dwell
times of active vector 1, active vector 2 and zero
vector in the subcycle are given by T1, T2, and TZ,
respectively. In CSVPWM divides TZ equally between
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Where ‘M ‘ is the modulation index
In the SVPWM algorithm, the total zero
voltage vector time is equally distributed between V0
and V7. Also, the zero voltage Vector time is
distributed symmetrically at the start and end of the
sub cycle in a Symmetrical manner. Thus CSVPWM
uses V0, VK, VK+1, V7, VK+1, VK ,V0 sequences for odd
sectors and V0, VK+1,VK, V7, VK ,VK+1,V0 for even
sectors .Moreover, to minimize the switching
frequency of the inverter, it is desirable that switching
should take place in one phase of the inverter only for
a transition from one state to another.
The conditions to be satisfied by a valid
sequence in sector I are as follows
1. The active state 1 and the active state 2 must be
applied at least once in a sub cycle.
2. Either the zero state 0 or the zero state 7
must be applied at least once in asubcycle.
3. In case of multiple application of an active state,
the total duration for which the active state is
applied in a sub cycle must satisfy (1).
4. The total duration for which the zero vectors
(either using the zero state 0 or the zero state 7) is
applied in a sub cycle must satisfy (1).
5. Only one phase must switch for a state transition.
6. The total number of switching‘s in a subcycle
must be less than or equal to three.
Conditions 1 to 4 ensure volt-second balance.
Condition 5 avoids unwanted switching’s to keep the
switching losses low. Condition 6 ensures that the
average switching frequency is less than or equal to
that of CSVPWM for a given sampling Frequency.
A typical switching sequence when
the sample is situated in sector-I
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methods, the random modulation methods work with
variable frequency, or with randomly changed pulse
position.
PI
∫
PI
Fig-4. Gating signal generation using SVPWM
scheme in sector-I
IV.
4.1 Principle of RPWM:
In the Random pulse width modulator for
voltage source inverters , random modified factor k0 is
used.The sampling rate is maintained at a constant
level, required by the desired dynamic characteristics
of the drive system incorporating the inverter. The
factor k0 is dithered I a random manner to disperse the
harmonic power in the voltage spectrum. be less than
100% to modify the durations of zero state times. The
zero state time durations can be modified as given in
(6)-(7).
T0 = k0Tz
-(6)
T7 = (1- k0 )Tz
-(7)
RANDOM PULSE WIDTH
MODULATION
The SVPWM algorithm uses the equal
distribution of total zero state time among the two
available zero Voltage vectors and gives constant
switching frequency operation. Though, the standard
SVPWM algorithm gives good performance, it gives
more acoustical noise and harmonic distortion due to
the switching frequency. The audible switching noise
radiated from the drive can be decreased by increasing
the PWM switching frequency of the inverter.
Nowadays, to reduce the acoustical noise and
harmonic distortion, many researchers have
concentrated on random PWM (RPWM) algorithms.
The content of the higher harmonics voltage (current)
and electromagnetic interference generated in the
inverter fed drive depends on the modulation
technique. Therefore, PWM methods are investigated
from this point of view. To reduce these disadvantages
several methods have been proposed. One of these
methods is random modulation (RPWM). The
classical carrier based method or space vector
modulation method are named deterministic
(DEPWM), because these methods work with constant
switching frequency. In opposite to the deterministic
Fig-5. Gating signal
scheme in sector-I
V.
generation using RPWM
PROPOSED RPWM BASED DTCIM DRIVE
The block diagram of the proposed
VDRPWM algorithm based DTC is as shown in Fig.
4,
+
Fig-6 Block Diagram of RPWM based DTC
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F rom which it can be observed that this
scheme
retains all the advantages of the
conventional direct torque control, such as no coordinate transformation and robust motor parameters.
However a PWM modulator is used to
generate the pulses for the inverter control, therefore
the Complexity is increased in comparison with the
CDTC method. In the proposed method, by adding the
slip speed and actual rotor speed of the drive the
s is
obtained and by using the flux estimator the actual
synchronous
s is
evaluated. After each sampling interval, actual stator
s is corrected by the error signal and it
tries to reach the reference flux space vector * s .
Thus the flux error is reduced in each sampling
interval. The reference values of the d-axis and q-axis
stator fluxes and actual values of the d-axis and q-axis
stator fluxes are compared in the reference voltage
vector calculator block and then the errors in the daxis and q-axis stator flux vectors are obtained as
in(8),(9),(10),(11)
ψds = ψ*ds – ψds
- (8)
ψqs = ψ*qs – ψqs
- (9)
V*ds=Rs ids+ ψds/Ts
- (10)
V*qs=Rs iqs+ ψqs/Ts
- (11)
These derived d-q components of the
reference voltage vectors are passed to the PWM
block. In PWM block, these two-phase voltages are
then converted into three-phase voltages. Later, the
switching times are calculated as explained in the
earlier sections for RPWM control
VI.
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Fig.1 Locus of Stator flux in SVPWM based DTC
Drive
Fig.2 Harmonic Spectra of line Current
inSVPWM based DTC dri
SIMULATION RESULTS
To verify the proposed conventional
VDRPWM based drive, simulation studies have been
carried out on direct torque controlled induction motor
drive by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. For the
simulation analysis, the reference flux is considered as
1wb and starting torque is limited to 15 N-m. The
induction motor used in this case study is a 3-phase, 4pole, 1.5 kW, 1440 rpm and having the parameters as
Rs = 7.83_, Rr = 7.55 _, Ls = 0.4751H, Lr = 0.4751H,
Lm = 0.4535 H and J = 0.06 Kg.m2. The steady state
results of conventional DTC and SVPWM algorithm
based DTC are shown From the results it is clear that
SVPWM algorithm based drive gives superior
performance and reduced harmonic distortion when
compared with conventional DTC, but it gives
considerable acoustical noise. Hence, to minimize the
acoustical noise and THD of the drive, this paper
presents conventional VDRPWM algorithm based
control. The simulation results of VDRPWM
algorithm based induction motor drive are shown.
From the simulation results, it is clear that the
proposed VDRPWM algorithm gives reduced THD
and less acoustical noise when
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Fig.3 Starting transients of SVPWM based DTC
drive
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5. B. Mazreena Begum et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.754-760
Fig.4 Steady State Plots of SVPWM based DTC
drive
Fig.5 Transients during step change in load for
SVPWM based DTC drive
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Fig.6 Transients during speed reversal condition
for SVPWM based DTC drive
Fig.7 Voltage and Current Plots for SVPWM based
DTC drive
Fig.8 Locus of Stator flux in proposed RPWM
based DTC Drive
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6. B. Mazreena Begum et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
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Fig.9 Harmonic Spectra of line Current in
Proposed RPWM based DTC drive
Fig.12 Transients during step change in load for
Proposed RPWM based DTC drive
Fig.10 Starting transients of Proposed RPWM
based DTC drive
Fig.13 Transients during speed reversal condition
for Proposed RPWM based DTC drive
Fig.11 Steady State Plots of Proposed RPWM
based DTC drive
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[6].
[7].
[8].
Fig.14 Voltage and Current Plots for Proposed
RPWM based DTC drive
VII.
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conversion”
IEEE
Trans.Ind.Applicat.,
vol.34, no.2, Mar/Apr 1998, pp. 374-380.
S-H Na, Y-G Jung, Y-C. Lim, and S-H.
Yang, “Reduction of audible switching noise
in induction motor drives using random
position space vector PWM” IEE. Proc.
Electr. Power Appl., vol.149, no.3, pp. 195200, May, 2002.
Michael M.Bech, Frede Blaabjerg, and John
K.
Pedersen,
“Random
modulation
techniques with fixed switching frequency
for three-phase power converters” IEEE
Trans. Power Electron., vol.15, no.4, pp. 753761, Jul, 2000.
Olorunfemi
Ojo,”The
generalized
discontinuous PWM scheme for three-phase
voltage
source
inverters”IEEE
Trans.Ind.Electron.,vol.51, no.6, Dec 2004,
pp.1280-1289.
CONCLUSIONS
To overcome the drawbacks of conventional
DTC and SVPWM algorithm based drive, a novel
RPWM algorithm is presented in this paper for direct
torque control of induction motor. From the
simulation results, it can be observed that the proposed
RPWM algorithm gives reduced harmonic distortion.
Hence, the proposed RPWM algorithm gives
distributed spectra and gives reduced amplitude of
harmonics when compared with the SVPWM
algorithm. The simulation results confirm the
superiority of proposed VDRPWM algorithm when
compared with the SVPWM algorithm based DTC
drive.
References
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