Egypt Strategy Support Program: Public health and nutrition
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The document discusses public health and nutrition challenges in Egypt, specifically the double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition. It provides examples of research from Mexico that show how cash interventions can unintentionally lead to weight gain in adult women. The discussion notes that increasing wealth alone is not enough to improve nutrition and that higher education may provide protective effects against unhealthy weight gain while also benefiting child nutrition. Key knowledge gaps are identified around ensuring interventions are nutrition-sensitive by improving outcomes for vulnerable groups without causing unhealthy weight gain, understanding how education impacts nutrition, and how to effectively combine behavior change programs with multi-sectoral interventions.
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HEALTH SYSTEM & HEALTH SERVICES IN EGYPT
Health policy is a national task based on meeting community needs and respecting social, geographical and cultural variations. Ministry of health and population (MOHP) is the formal organization responsible for health policy formulation. The Egyptian health care system faces multiple challenges in improving and ensuring the health and wellbeing of the Egyptian people. The system faces not only the burden of combating illnesses associated with poverty and lack of education, but it must also respond to emerging diseases and illnesses associated with modern, urban lifestyle. Emerging access to global communications and commerce is raising the expectations of the population for more and better care and for advanced health care technology.
Primary Health Care for Universal Health Coverage NPHCDA
Presentation by Charles Ijeomah at the 2017 Nigeria Healthcare Financing in Workshop held in Abuja, Nigeria.
National health mission
The National Health Mission aims to improve health outcomes in rural and urban India through various programs and initiatives. It encompasses the National Rural Health Mission and the National Urban Health Mission. The NRHM focuses on improving access to primary healthcare in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure like subcenters and PHCs and promoting community health through Accredited Social Health Activists. The NUHM similarly focuses on improving access for urban poor populations, particularly in slums, through urban primary health centers and community health workers. Both missions aim to reduce infant and maternal mortality and improve health indicators.
World health organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) was established in 1948 and is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and works to coordinate international efforts to improve health globally. The WHO aims to provide leadership on global health matters and attain the highest level of health for all people. It is governed by the World Health Assembly and Executive Board and divided into 6 regions and 14 technical divisions at its secretariat. The WHO works to combat diseases, improve health quality and lifespan worldwide, and support countries' health systems and services.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Primary health care aims to provide essential and affordable health care for all through community participation. It was defined at the Alma-Ata conference in 1978 as health care that is accessible, affordable and participatory. The key principles of primary health care are equitable distribution of services, community participation, intersectoral coordination using appropriate technology, and developing local manpower. Nurses play an important role in primary health care by assessing community health needs, providing health education, and integrating services like immunization, nutrition, sanitation and maternal/child care.
NRHM & NUHM
The National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005 to provide quality healthcare services to rural populations. It aims to reduce infant and maternal mortality rates and make healthcare accessible to all. Key objectives include establishing a trained village health worker in each community, strengthening primary health centers, implementing public health standards, and taking an integrated approach through district-level health planning that converges issues like sanitation, nutrition and water with health services. The vision is for effective and equitable rural healthcare through community involvement and increasing public spending on health.
National health policy
The document outlines India's National Health Policy, which aims to provide health for all citizens by 2000 AD. Key elements of the 1983 policy included creating health awareness, increasing access to clean water and sanitation, and improving rural health infrastructure. However, many factors interfered with progress towards the goal, such as insufficient funding and intersectoral coordination. As a result, a new National Health Policy was introduced in 2001 with updated goals such as reducing mortality from diseases like tuberculosis and malaria by 2010. The WHO is also committed to supporting health for all globally through leadership, standards development, and technical assistance to countries.
NUHM
The document discusses India's National Urban Health Mission. The mission aims to provide equitable access to quality health care for the urban poor population as cities are seeing rapid growth. It focuses on improving the efficiency of the public health system and promoting partnerships between government and non-government providers. The mission seeks to meet the health needs of vulnerable groups like slum dwellers through primary health centers, community-based health insurance, and initiatives like the Urban Social Health Activist program. It was established to address the lack of standards and economic barriers to healthcare access faced by many in urban areas.
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HEALTH SYSTEM & HEALTH SERVICES IN EGYPT
Health policy is a national task based on meeting community needs and respecting social, geographical and cultural variations. Ministry of health and population (MOHP) is the formal organization responsible for health policy formulation. The Egyptian health care system faces multiple challenges in improving and ensuring the health and wellbeing of the Egyptian people. The system faces not only the burden of combating illnesses associated with poverty and lack of education, but it must also respond to emerging diseases and illnesses associated with modern, urban lifestyle. Emerging access to global communications and commerce is raising the expectations of the population for more and better care and for advanced health care technology.
Primary Health Care for Universal Health Coverage NPHCDA
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National health mission
The National Health Mission aims to improve health outcomes in rural and urban India through various programs and initiatives. It encompasses the National Rural Health Mission and the National Urban Health Mission. The NRHM focuses on improving access to primary healthcare in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure like subcenters and PHCs and promoting community health through Accredited Social Health Activists. The NUHM similarly focuses on improving access for urban poor populations, particularly in slums, through urban primary health centers and community health workers. Both missions aim to reduce infant and maternal mortality and improve health indicators.
World health organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) was established in 1948 and is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and works to coordinate international efforts to improve health globally. The WHO aims to provide leadership on global health matters and attain the highest level of health for all people. It is governed by the World Health Assembly and Executive Board and divided into 6 regions and 14 technical divisions at its secretariat. The WHO works to combat diseases, improve health quality and lifespan worldwide, and support countries' health systems and services.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Primary health care aims to provide essential and affordable health care for all through community participation. It was defined at the Alma-Ata conference in 1978 as health care that is accessible, affordable and participatory. The key principles of primary health care are equitable distribution of services, community participation, intersectoral coordination using appropriate technology, and developing local manpower. Nurses play an important role in primary health care by assessing community health needs, providing health education, and integrating services like immunization, nutrition, sanitation and maternal/child care.
NRHM & NUHM
The National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005 to provide quality healthcare services to rural populations. It aims to reduce infant and maternal mortality rates and make healthcare accessible to all. Key objectives include establishing a trained village health worker in each community, strengthening primary health centers, implementing public health standards, and taking an integrated approach through district-level health planning that converges issues like sanitation, nutrition and water with health services. The vision is for effective and equitable rural healthcare through community involvement and increasing public spending on health.
National health policy
The document outlines India's National Health Policy, which aims to provide health for all citizens by 2000 AD. Key elements of the 1983 policy included creating health awareness, increasing access to clean water and sanitation, and improving rural health infrastructure. However, many factors interfered with progress towards the goal, such as insufficient funding and intersectoral coordination. As a result, a new National Health Policy was introduced in 2001 with updated goals such as reducing mortality from diseases like tuberculosis and malaria by 2010. The WHO is also committed to supporting health for all globally through leadership, standards development, and technical assistance to countries.
NUHM
The document discusses India's National Urban Health Mission. The mission aims to provide equitable access to quality health care for the urban poor population as cities are seeing rapid growth. It focuses on improving the efficiency of the public health system and promoting partnerships between government and non-government providers. The mission seeks to meet the health needs of vulnerable groups like slum dwellers through primary health centers, community-based health insurance, and initiatives like the Urban Social Health Activist program. It was established to address the lack of standards and economic barriers to healthcare access faced by many in urban areas.
National population policy
The document discusses the history and objectives of India's National Population Policy. It was first drafted in 1976 but not adopted until 2000. The 2000 policy aims to address health care needs, bring total fertility rates to replacement levels by 2010, and achieve a stable population by 2045 through various programs and incentives. It promotes strategies like increasing access to education and health services, delaying marriage age, and increasing institutional deliveries.
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National health policy 2017
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The document discusses India's 11th five year health plan. Key points include:
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- Integrating vertical health programs and providing technical support to state and district health missions.
- Goals of reducing maternal mortality, infant mortality, malnutrition, and improving sex ratios.
- Thrust areas include expanding access to AYUSH, increasing health resources, improving equity, and decentralizing governance.
Human rights and Health
Every woman, man, youth and child has the human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, without discrimination of any kind. Enjoyment of the human right to health is vital to all aspects of a person's life and well-being, and is crucial to the realization of many other fundamental human rights and freedoms.
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The document discusses India's healthcare system and family welfare programs. It provides background on the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and describes the history and objectives of India's family welfare program, which aims to promote small family size through voluntary acceptance of family planning methods. It also outlines government initiatives to promote healthcare, such as expanding health insurance and access to affordable medicines. Overall, the document analyzes India's healthcare system, noting the divide between rural and urban access, need for effective payment systems, and growth opportunities in pharmaceuticals and medical devices.
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The document summarizes several national health policies of India, including the National Health Policy of 1983, 2002, and 2010. It outlines the goals of each policy, such as eradicating polio and other diseases, reducing mortality from tuberculosis, and increasing access to healthcare facilities. It also discusses the National Nutrition Policy and National Education Policy of India.
Primary health care
1. The document discusses the concept of primary health care, which originated from the 1978 Alma-Ata International Conference and aims to provide essential health services that are universally accessible.
2. Primary health care is defined as essential health care based on practical and scientifically sound methods that are made accessible to communities at a cost they can afford.
3. Key principles of primary health care include community participation, use of appropriate technology, intersectoral coordination between health and other community development sectors, and an emphasis on disease prevention in addition to treatment.
National health mission
The document discusses India's National Health Mission (NHM) which includes the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). NRHM was launched in 2005 to improve rural healthcare by focusing on reducing infant and maternal mortality, increasing access to services, and strengthening infrastructure. Key strategies include deploying Accredited Social Health Activists in each village, constituting health committees, setting standards, flexible financing, and improving management. The goals are to reduce IMR and MMR, and achieve universal access to primary healthcare services.
Primary health care
Primary health care is the first level of contact between individuals and the health care system. It aims to provide equitable, accessible, and affordable basic health services to communities through primary health centers, sub-centers, and dispensaries. Secondary health care handles more complex cases referred from primary care, while tertiary care provides specialized services and training at regional and central hospitals. The principles of primary health care emphasize community participation, multisectoral collaboration, and using appropriate technologies delivered by community health workers.
The health system in Egypt
The health system in Egypt faces challenges as a developing country with a large population of over 83 million people. The medical education system includes 6 years of study plus an internship year to become a doctor. Hospitals are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, with university hospitals providing free tertiary care. However, the system is strained, with long wait times, fewer hospital beds than other countries, and heavy patient loads. Continuing medical education allows doctors to specialize in areas like internal medicine and plastic surgery.
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These slides give an overview of public health and the role of local public health departments in keeping people healthy, presents housing, health and some of the vulnerable populations who are the primary focus of our work, and shows the Healthy Chicago Public Health Agenda - the blueprint for our work at the Chicago Department of Public Health. Lastly, it highlights some of our work and accomplishments with vulnerable groups.
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The document outlines the Aquino Health Agenda in the Philippines, which aims to achieve Universal Health Care through four strategic thrusts: 1) expanding health insurance to provide financial risk protection, 2) attaining health-related development goals by focusing on reducing mortality, 3) improving access to quality healthcare facilities, and 4) strengthening health governance. A key part of the plan is mobilizing Community Health Teams to assess and address the needs of poor families identified by the national household targeting system. The end goal is to ensure all Filipinos, especially the disadvantaged, have equitable access to affordable and quality healthcare.
National Rural Health Mission
The document discusses India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) which aimed to provide accessible and quality healthcare to rural and remote populations between 2005-2012. Key goals of the NRHM included reducing infant and maternal mortality rates, increasing institutional deliveries, and boosting public health spending. The NRHM adopted a holistic primary healthcare approach across all states with a focus on 18 priority states. While the NRHM achieved improvements in health indicators, challenges remain around inadequate healthcare infrastructure and staffing, especially in rural areas. Continued efforts are needed to address shortages and incentivize more doctors and facilities in rural India.
Dr. G Nandhini
The document discusses the human right to health and how the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India aims to uphold this right. It outlines key human rights relating to health like access to healthcare, safe drinking water, and education. NRHM's goals are reducing infant and maternal mortality and improving access to health services. The program strengthens primary healthcare, integrates health programs, and empowers local communities to manage their own health needs. It also outlines expected health outcomes and strategies NRHM uses like training health workers and improving infrastructure.
Universal Health Care: the Philippine experience
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Thesis Presentation
Thesis presentation on the effect participation in a health and nutrition fair on undergraduate students.
PUBLIC HEALTH, NUTRITION AND THE DECLINE OF MORTALITY: THE MCKEOWN THESIS REV...
The medical writer, Thomas McKeown, can justifiably claim to have
been one of the most influential figures in the development of the social history of
medicine during the third quarter of the twentieth century. Between 1955 and his
death in 1988, he published a stream of articles and books in which he outlined his
ideas about the reasons for the decline of mortality and the ‘modern rise of
population’ in Britain and other countries from the early-eighteenth century onwards.
Although McKeown’s main aim was to deflate the claims made by the proponents of
therapeutic medicine, his publications have sparked a long and protracted debate
about the respective roles of improvements in sanitation and nutrition in the process
of mortality decline, with particular emphasis in recent years on the impact of
sanitary reform in the second half of the nineteenth century. This paper attempts to
place the debate over the ‘McKeown thesis’ in a more long-term context, by looking
at the determinants of mortality change in England and Wales throughout the whole
of the period between circa 1750 and 1914, and pays particular attention to the role
of nutrition. It offers a qualified defence of the McKeown hypothesis, and argues that
nutrition needs to be regarded as one of a battery of factors, often interacting, which
played a key role in Britain’s mortality transition.
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Health and family welfare (eleventh five year plan)
The document discusses India's 11th five year health plan. Key points include:
- Promoting access to healthcare through community health workers and developing village-level health plans.
- Integrating vertical health programs and providing technical support to state and district health missions.
- Goals of reducing maternal mortality, infant mortality, malnutrition, and improving sex ratios.
- Thrust areas include expanding access to AYUSH, increasing health resources, improving equity, and decentralizing governance.
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The document discusses India's healthcare system and family welfare programs. It provides background on the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and describes the history and objectives of India's family welfare program, which aims to promote small family size through voluntary acceptance of family planning methods. It also outlines government initiatives to promote healthcare, such as expanding health insurance and access to affordable medicines. Overall, the document analyzes India's healthcare system, noting the divide between rural and urban access, need for effective payment systems, and growth opportunities in pharmaceuticals and medical devices.
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The document summarizes several national health policies of India, including the National Health Policy of 1983, 2002, and 2010. It outlines the goals of each policy, such as eradicating polio and other diseases, reducing mortality from tuberculosis, and increasing access to healthcare facilities. It also discusses the National Nutrition Policy and National Education Policy of India.
Primary health care
1. The document discusses the concept of primary health care, which originated from the 1978 Alma-Ata International Conference and aims to provide essential health services that are universally accessible.
2. Primary health care is defined as essential health care based on practical and scientifically sound methods that are made accessible to communities at a cost they can afford.
3. Key principles of primary health care include community participation, use of appropriate technology, intersectoral coordination between health and other community development sectors, and an emphasis on disease prevention in addition to treatment.
National health mission
The document discusses India's National Health Mission (NHM) which includes the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). NRHM was launched in 2005 to improve rural healthcare by focusing on reducing infant and maternal mortality, increasing access to services, and strengthening infrastructure. Key strategies include deploying Accredited Social Health Activists in each village, constituting health committees, setting standards, flexible financing, and improving management. The goals are to reduce IMR and MMR, and achieve universal access to primary healthcare services.
Primary health care
Primary health care is the first level of contact between individuals and the health care system. It aims to provide equitable, accessible, and affordable basic health services to communities through primary health centers, sub-centers, and dispensaries. Secondary health care handles more complex cases referred from primary care, while tertiary care provides specialized services and training at regional and central hospitals. The principles of primary health care emphasize community participation, multisectoral collaboration, and using appropriate technologies delivered by community health workers.
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National Rural Health Mission
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Thesis Presentation
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PUBLIC HEALTH, NUTRITION AND THE DECLINE OF MORTALITY: THE MCKEOWN THESIS REV...
The medical writer, Thomas McKeown, can justifiably claim to have
been one of the most influential figures in the development of the social history of
medicine during the third quarter of the twentieth century. Between 1955 and his
death in 1988, he published a stream of articles and books in which he outlined his
ideas about the reasons for the decline of mortality and the ‘modern rise of
population’ in Britain and other countries from the early-eighteenth century onwards.
Although McKeown’s main aim was to deflate the claims made by the proponents of
therapeutic medicine, his publications have sparked a long and protracted debate
about the respective roles of improvements in sanitation and nutrition in the process
of mortality decline, with particular emphasis in recent years on the impact of
sanitary reform in the second half of the nineteenth century. This paper attempts to
place the debate over the ‘McKeown thesis’ in a more long-term context, by looking
at the determinants of mortality change in England and Wales throughout the whole
of the period between circa 1750 and 1914, and pays particular attention to the role
of nutrition. It offers a qualified defence of the McKeown hypothesis, and argues that
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Using video for health, nutrition, and agriculture
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SPRING and DG see this community-led video approach, with videos created by the community for the community, as a revolutionary tool for nutrition and health behavior change which blends innovative, low-cost, accessible technology with the strength of human-mediated interpersonal communication techniques. Although video provides a point of focus in this model, it is people and social dynamics that ultimately ensure its effectiveness. The model leverages people-based extension (community health, agriculture, or other) systems functioning through existing social organizations and other structures, and uses video as a tool for engagement, empowerment, motivation, and connection as community members come together and discuss topics relevant to their everyday lives.
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Public health nutrition
The document discusses various methods of nutritional assessment including clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary assessments. It describes nutritional surveys, surveillance, and screening and their purposes. Key factors that influence the choice of assessment method are discussed such as the objectives, population, resources available, and types of information needed. Clinical signs, biochemical tests, and interpretation guidelines for various nutrient deficiencies are provided.
Lec 9 nutrition in developing countries
1) Nutrition in developing countries faces many challenges including poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition. Poverty is the main driver of hunger and is characterized by a lack of access to basic needs like food, water, shelter and healthcare.
2) Developing countries rely heavily on agriculture but face issues like unpredictable weather, lack of infrastructure, and political instability that impact food production and security. Common nutritional problems include protein-energy deficiencies, vitamin and mineral deficiencies like vitamin A and iodine, and anemia.
3) Improving nutrition requires a multi-sectoral approach including boosting food availability through sustainable agriculture, ensuring access through economic development, and supporting public health measures. National development goals like
Major nutritional problems in vulnerable groups
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-Infancy
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-Adolescence
-Pregnancy
Infancy- problems in weaning: obesity, underweight, refusal of food intake, food allergy, lactose intolerance, feeding problem: underfeeding, diarrhoea, constipation, colic, some inborn metabolism error.
PRESCHOOL AGE GROUP: PEM, Vitamin-A deficiency, INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION, Anaemia.
Adolescence: Obesity, eating disorders,under nutrition, adolescent pregnancy, anaemia, malnutrition due to early marriage.
PREGNANCY & LACTATION: General dietary problems, complications.
OLD AGE: osteoporosis, obesity, anaemia, malnutrition, constipation.
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- 1. Theme 4 Public Health and Nutrition Jef Leroy, IFPRI Research Priority Setting Workshop Egypt Strategy Support Program MARCH 1, 2016 | CAIRO, EGYPT
- 2. Background & Rationale • Both under- and overnutrition have high individual and societal costs and limit a country’s development potential, e.g.: Undernutrition: reduced schooling, reduced earnings at adulthood Overnutrition: increased incidence of non-communicable diseases, increased disability, increased healthcare costs • The rate at which maternal overweight and obesity increase with rising wealth is higher than the accompanying decline in the prevalence of stunting in children • Result: double burden, i.e. households with Stunted child Overweight/obese adult • Higher BMI significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality
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