Egg inoculation technique complete 1
•Download as PPT, PDF•
43 likes•21,525 views
This document discusses techniques for inoculating viruses into embryonated eggs. It outlines three virus cultivation systems - biological systems, embryonated eggs, and tissue culture. Embryonated eggs are described as an in vivo and in vitro system that has advantages over animal inoculation like lower cost, easier maintenance, and less variability. The document details various routes for egg inoculation including the yolk sac, allantoic sac, chorioallantoic membrane, amniotic cavity, and intravenous routes. It provides examples of harvesting allantoic fluid and embryos after inoculation and images demonstrating pathogenic effects of viruses like infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease virus, and blue tongue virus in eggs.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Diagnostic methods of Parasites
Diagnostic methods of Parasites that includes 1 . Examination of Faeces
Macroscopic examination
Microscopic examination
2 . Examination of blood
Wet preparation
Stained blood smear
3 . Examination of Urine
4 . Examination of Sputum
5 . Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid
6 . Examination of Aspirates
7 . Examination of Biopsy Material
8 . Culture
9 . Animal Inoculation
10 . Serology
11 . Molecular Method
Preparation of fungal culture media
Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) is used to isolate and cultivate fungi and yeasts from clinical specimens. It contains nutrients like dextrose and enzymatic digest of casein to support fungal growth, and antibiotics to inhibit bacteria. The document outlines the materials, composition, and procedure to prepare SDA media. Colonies are examined after incubation and typical morphologies can indicate fungal species present. However, SDA may not promote conidiation in some fungi and antimicrobials could inhibit some pathogens.
Automated methods in the microbiology lab
This document discusses various methods for automated detection and identification of microorganisms in clinical microbiology laboratories. It describes several automated blood culture systems that use instrumental devices to incubate and monitor blood culture bottles. It also discusses rapid identification systems like API 20E strips and instruments like Vitek 2, BD Phoenix, and Microscan Walkaway that can identify bacteria based on biochemical testing of microorganisms. The document concludes with an overview of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry which enables rapid protein-based identification of bacteria and fungi from cultures.
Lab Diagnosis-Parasitology
Covers the introduction to lab diagnosis in parasitology, various specimens taken, stool examination, microscopy, stains and mounts used
Haemophilus mahadi ppt
This document provides information about the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. It discusses the history of H. influenzae, identifying it was first isolated in 1890. It is a gram-negative coccobacillus that requires both a heme (X) factor and NAD (V) factors to grow. H. influenzae can cause systemic infections like meningitis in young children and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Biochemical tests and serology can be used to identify and type H. influenzae. Vaccines are available to protect against H. influenzae type b, an encapsulated strain that commonly caused meningitis.
Catalase test
Catalase is an important enzyme that breaks down reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, protecting cells from oxidative damage. The catalase test detects this enzymatic activity by observing bubble formation when bacterial cultures or colonies are mixed with hydrogen peroxide. A positive result indicates catalase production, allowing distinction between bacterial species - for example, Staphylococcus is catalase-positive while Streptococcus is negative. The procedure involves placing a small amount of bacterial growth on a slide and mixing with hydrogen peroxide, with bubble formation signifying a positive catalase test result.
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF CLINICAL SAMPLES
Principles of Sample Collection:
Aseptic precautions to minimize chances of
contamination.
Appropriate anatomic sites
Adequate volume
Adequate no. of samples
Appropriate time
Appropriate container with proper labelling
Before initiation of anti-microbials
Adequate information in request form
Parasitology Basic Identification methods
This document provides information on basic identification methods for human parasitology. It discusses various parasite identification techniques including microscopic examination of wet mounts, concentration methods for stool samples, and examination of other specimens like sputum, biopsies, and blood. The document outlines procedures for collecting and preparing stool, sputum, and blood samples for examination and describes examining samples microscopically to identify parasites, eggs, larvae, trophozoites or cysts of organisms like hookworm, tapeworm, whipworm, pinworm, Entamoeba, and Giardia. It also discusses concentrating techniques, normal values, artifacts, and use of the QBC method for diagnosing parasites in blood samples.
Recommended
Diagnostic methods of Parasites
Diagnostic methods of Parasites that includes 1 . Examination of Faeces
Macroscopic examination
Microscopic examination
2 . Examination of blood
Wet preparation
Stained blood smear
3 . Examination of Urine
4 . Examination of Sputum
5 . Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid
6 . Examination of Aspirates
7 . Examination of Biopsy Material
8 . Culture
9 . Animal Inoculation
10 . Serology
11 . Molecular Method
Preparation of fungal culture media
Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) is used to isolate and cultivate fungi and yeasts from clinical specimens. It contains nutrients like dextrose and enzymatic digest of casein to support fungal growth, and antibiotics to inhibit bacteria. The document outlines the materials, composition, and procedure to prepare SDA media. Colonies are examined after incubation and typical morphologies can indicate fungal species present. However, SDA may not promote conidiation in some fungi and antimicrobials could inhibit some pathogens.
Automated methods in the microbiology lab
This document discusses various methods for automated detection and identification of microorganisms in clinical microbiology laboratories. It describes several automated blood culture systems that use instrumental devices to incubate and monitor blood culture bottles. It also discusses rapid identification systems like API 20E strips and instruments like Vitek 2, BD Phoenix, and Microscan Walkaway that can identify bacteria based on biochemical testing of microorganisms. The document concludes with an overview of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry which enables rapid protein-based identification of bacteria and fungi from cultures.
Lab Diagnosis-Parasitology
Covers the introduction to lab diagnosis in parasitology, various specimens taken, stool examination, microscopy, stains and mounts used
Haemophilus mahadi ppt
This document provides information about the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. It discusses the history of H. influenzae, identifying it was first isolated in 1890. It is a gram-negative coccobacillus that requires both a heme (X) factor and NAD (V) factors to grow. H. influenzae can cause systemic infections like meningitis in young children and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Biochemical tests and serology can be used to identify and type H. influenzae. Vaccines are available to protect against H. influenzae type b, an encapsulated strain that commonly caused meningitis.
Catalase test
Catalase is an important enzyme that breaks down reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, protecting cells from oxidative damage. The catalase test detects this enzymatic activity by observing bubble formation when bacterial cultures or colonies are mixed with hydrogen peroxide. A positive result indicates catalase production, allowing distinction between bacterial species - for example, Staphylococcus is catalase-positive while Streptococcus is negative. The procedure involves placing a small amount of bacterial growth on a slide and mixing with hydrogen peroxide, with bubble formation signifying a positive catalase test result.
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF CLINICAL SAMPLES
Principles of Sample Collection:
Aseptic precautions to minimize chances of
contamination.
Appropriate anatomic sites
Adequate volume
Adequate no. of samples
Appropriate time
Appropriate container with proper labelling
Before initiation of anti-microbials
Adequate information in request form
Parasitology Basic Identification methods
This document provides information on basic identification methods for human parasitology. It discusses various parasite identification techniques including microscopic examination of wet mounts, concentration methods for stool samples, and examination of other specimens like sputum, biopsies, and blood. The document outlines procedures for collecting and preparing stool, sputum, and blood samples for examination and describes examining samples microscopically to identify parasites, eggs, larvae, trophozoites or cysts of organisms like hookworm, tapeworm, whipworm, pinworm, Entamoeba, and Giardia. It also discusses concentrating techniques, normal values, artifacts, and use of the QBC method for diagnosing parasites in blood samples.
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis also called as Torulosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It leads to compications such as fatal meningoencephalitis. It is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The PPT discuss on the morphology of the fungus, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
Virus culture and cytopathic effect
This document discusses protoplast isolation and cell culture. It begins by defining a protoplast as a plant cell without a cell wall that contains normal cell organelles. Protoplasts can be isolated from actively growing tissues using mechanical and enzymatic methods. The mechanical method involves plasmolysis and cutting of tissues, while the enzymatic method uses lytic enzymes to remove the cell wall. Cell culture methods are also discussed, including primary cell cultures derived directly from tissues that have a finite lifespan, and continuous cell lines derived from tumors that can divide indefinitely. Different cell types, culture media, and tissue culture techniques are described.
Spore staining
This document describes the process of spore staining to differentiate bacterial spores from vegetative cells. It explains that spores are dormant, resistant structures formed by bacteria during adverse environmental conditions for survival. The spore staining technique uses malachite green as the primary stain for spores and safranin as the counterstain for vegetative cells. Heat is applied to help the malachite green penetrate the spore walls. Vegetative cells are decolorized but spores retain the green stain. This allows spores and vegetative cells to be distinguished microscopically.
How to read a culture plate
This document discusses methods for identifying bacterial pathogens through cultural characteristics and staining reactions. It provides examples of colony characteristics of common pathogens like Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when cultured on different media like blood agar, MacConkey agar, and nutrient agar. Key details like colony size, shape, color, structure, and hemolytic patterns are described to help identify the bacteria based on their growth characteristics in culture. The objectives of bacterial identification are also stated as understanding the isolated pathogen, identifying it using diagnostic tests, studying antibiotic sensitivity, and determining the best treatment.
Automated system for bacterial identification
[DOWNLOAD IT OPEN IT WITH MICROSOFT POWERPOINT THEN YOU WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE TOPIC COVERED.]
1. WHOLE TEXT IS RELIABLE.
2. TEXT HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM STANDARD TEXT BOOK FOR MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY.
3. SOME PICTURE HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM JOURNAL.
Bacteriology of air and milk
This document discusses the bacteriology of air and water. It defines bacteriology of air as the study of bacteria present in air and infections caused by them. It describes two main modes of transmission for airborne infections: airborne transmission for particles under 5 micrometers that can remain suspended in air, and droplet transmission for larger particles that only travel short distances. It also discusses methods to measure air contamination like sedimentation plates and slit samplers. Finally, it covers the bacteriology of milk, types of bacteria found in milk, milkborne diseases, and examination methods for milk.
Tissue culture and virology (cpe, plaque assay)
Tissue and cell culture techniques allow viruses to be isolated and grown in vitro. Viruses are cultured by inoculating clinical specimens into various cell lines and monitoring for cytopathic effects that indicate viral infection. Identification of viral isolates is based on the type of cytopathic effects observed and can be confirmed through immunoassays or plaque assays, which involve counting viral plaques to determine viral titers. Proper transport and processing of clinical samples as well as optimized cell culture conditions are important for successful viral isolation.
Blood smear staining
This ppt contain usefull information regarding different staining methods and stains with photographs...enjoy and learn it..give comments..
Automated microbial identification system
It has been developed for the detection, enumeration & identification of bacteria & yeasts in clinical specimens.
It is an instrument used for automatic computer-assisted identification of bacteria
It mainly involves staining, motility test, cultural characteristics, a series of biochemical tests.
The automatic bacteria identification system automatically identifies the bacteria in very short time.
stains
This document discusses the preparation and staining of blood films, which is an important investigation in hematology. It describes how Romanowsky stains like Wright's, Leishman, Giemsa, and Jenner's stains are commonly used to differentially stain components of blood cells. Specifically, it provides details on the preparation and staining procedures for Leishman's stain and Giemsa's stain, the most frequently used stains. An optimal pH of 6.8 is recommended for staining all components when using Romanowsky stains.
Epidemiological marker (serotyping and bacteriocin typing)
This document discusses various epidemiological marker typing methods used to differentiate bacterial strains, including serotyping, bacteriocin typing, and colicin typing. Serotyping is based on antigenic differences expressed on bacterial cell surfaces and has good reproducibility but poor discriminatory power. Bacteriocin typing examines bacteriocin production and susceptibility patterns to distinguish strains. It has fair reproducibility and discriminatory power but some strains are non-typeable. Colicin typing specifically examines colicin production in E. coli strains using a spot culture method with indicator strains. These typing methods can help epidemiological studies and hospital infection control.
Proteus spp lecture
This document discusses the laboratory diagnosis of Proteus bacteria, which are gram-negative rods commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans. Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris are the two most medically important species. P. mirabilis causes most Proteus infections in humans through urinary tract infections, sepsis, and wound or ear infections. P. vulgaris is an important cause of infections in hospitals. Diagnosis involves examining urine, pus, blood or ear discharge samples under a gram stain for gram-negative rods and testing for characteristics like swarming colonies, positive urease and gelatinase tests, and reaction on MacConkey agar and biochemical tests.
PROTEUS
This document provides information on the bacteria Proteus, including its characteristics, virulence factors, infections it causes, identification and treatment. It notes that Proteus is a gram-negative, motile bacillus that is commonly found in the intestines and can cause urinary tract and nosocomial infections. Its main virulence factors include urease production, which allows it to colonize the urinary tract, and fimbriae, which aid in attachment and colonization. Identification involves culturing on media like blood agar where it displays swarming motility and testing for properties such as being urease positive and oxidase negative. Treatment involves antibiotics like beta-lactams, aminoglycosides
2 specimen collection
Direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens can provide a presumptive diagnosis of fungal infection by revealing the presence of fungal elements. Different stains and techniques are used to visualize fungi depending on the suspected infection. KOH wet mounts are useful for superficial mycoses while GMS, H&E and fluorescent antibody stains aid in diagnosis of deep mycoses from tissue biopsies and body fluids. Proper specimen collection and rapid microscopic evaluation can help initiate appropriate antifungal treatment.
PARASITIC INFECTIONS
This document discusses parasitology and the diagnosis of parasitic infections through fecal examination. It describes the different types of parasitic relationships and how common some parasitic infections are worldwide. The document outlines the proper procedures for collecting, transporting, examining through wet mount microscopy, and diagnosing parasites in fecal samples. These include using saline, iodine, and buffered methylene blue wet mounts to identify eggs, larvae, trophozoites, and cysts under the microscope. Thorough microscopic examination of concentrated fecal samples is necessary to reliably detect parasites.
Routes for inocculation of virus in an emryonated egg
The document describes a procedure for inoculating embryonated eggs with a virus to study viral growth. It provides details on the necessary materials, including 9-10 day old eggs, syringes, needles, inoculum, and incubators. The procedure involves candling the eggs to locate the embryo, puncturing the shell and injecting 0.1ml of viral suspension at a specific site. The eggs are then sealed and incubated. Successful inoculation is indicated by visible pocks on the eggs or embryo death. Advantages of this method include its wide use for viral isolation and growth, low cost, and sterile environment free from bacterial and viral contamination.
Biochemical test of bacteria
The document provides instructions for performing several microbiological tests, including sugar fermentation tests, indole production, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate utilization, nitrate reduction, urease, triple sugar iron, oxidase, catalase, amylase, and lipase. It explains the principles, expected results, and interpretations for each test. The tests can be used to differentiate bacterial species and determine their metabolic abilities.
Virus neutralization test
The viral neutralization test is a serological method that detects the presence of viral neutralizing antibodies. It involves mixing dilutions of antibodies with a standardized amount of virus, incubating them, and observing for cytopathic effects in cell cultures. If the antibodies neutralize the virus, no cytopathic effects will be observed as the cells remain intact. While the viral neutralization test is highly sensitive and specific, it is also slow, intensive, and requires skilled technicians. It remains the gold standard method for diagnosing viral infections in the laboratory by comparing other test methods to it.
Serological tests
This document summarizes various serological tests used to detect antigens and antibodies. It describes primary, secondary and tertiary serological tests including ELISA, immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay and more. It also details different types of agglutination tests like qualitative and quantitative tests. Additional tests covered are precipitation tests, complement fixation tests, passive hemagglutination and sandwich ELISA. The document provides information on applications and procedures for many antibody and antigen detection techniques.
E coli
Microbiology of E coli giving basic of Escherichia coli, its morphology, cultural and biochemical characteristics, Antigenic character, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control
Cultivation of Viruses
Viruses can be cultivated within suitable host cells like bacteria to allow for viral replication. Bacteriophages are commonly grown by adding them to a culture of bacteria in a growth medium. The bacteriophages will multiply within the bacteria, destroying cells and releasing new viral particles. Viruses are also cultivated in tissue culture systems using cell lines grown in suspension. The virus infects the host cells, forcing them to produce new virus copies until the cells are lysed. Viral titers can be determined using plaque assays, where viral plaques are counted, or animal inoculation studies.
Laboratory Virology
This document discusses various techniques for diagnosing and studying viruses in a laboratory setting. It describes growing viruses in cell cultures and embryonated eggs, observing cytopathic effects, and quantifying viruses using plaque assays, particle counting, and hemagglutination assays. It also covers transforming infected cells to develop continuous cell lines and detecting viral proteins and antibodies using techniques like western blotting. The goal is to isolate, propagate, quantify, and identify viruses for research and clinical diagnosis.
More Related Content
What's hot
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis also called as Torulosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It leads to compications such as fatal meningoencephalitis. It is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The PPT discuss on the morphology of the fungus, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
Virus culture and cytopathic effect
This document discusses protoplast isolation and cell culture. It begins by defining a protoplast as a plant cell without a cell wall that contains normal cell organelles. Protoplasts can be isolated from actively growing tissues using mechanical and enzymatic methods. The mechanical method involves plasmolysis and cutting of tissues, while the enzymatic method uses lytic enzymes to remove the cell wall. Cell culture methods are also discussed, including primary cell cultures derived directly from tissues that have a finite lifespan, and continuous cell lines derived from tumors that can divide indefinitely. Different cell types, culture media, and tissue culture techniques are described.
Spore staining
This document describes the process of spore staining to differentiate bacterial spores from vegetative cells. It explains that spores are dormant, resistant structures formed by bacteria during adverse environmental conditions for survival. The spore staining technique uses malachite green as the primary stain for spores and safranin as the counterstain for vegetative cells. Heat is applied to help the malachite green penetrate the spore walls. Vegetative cells are decolorized but spores retain the green stain. This allows spores and vegetative cells to be distinguished microscopically.
How to read a culture plate
This document discusses methods for identifying bacterial pathogens through cultural characteristics and staining reactions. It provides examples of colony characteristics of common pathogens like Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when cultured on different media like blood agar, MacConkey agar, and nutrient agar. Key details like colony size, shape, color, structure, and hemolytic patterns are described to help identify the bacteria based on their growth characteristics in culture. The objectives of bacterial identification are also stated as understanding the isolated pathogen, identifying it using diagnostic tests, studying antibiotic sensitivity, and determining the best treatment.
Automated system for bacterial identification
[DOWNLOAD IT OPEN IT WITH MICROSOFT POWERPOINT THEN YOU WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE TOPIC COVERED.]
1. WHOLE TEXT IS RELIABLE.
2. TEXT HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM STANDARD TEXT BOOK FOR MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY.
3. SOME PICTURE HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM JOURNAL.
Bacteriology of air and milk
This document discusses the bacteriology of air and water. It defines bacteriology of air as the study of bacteria present in air and infections caused by them. It describes two main modes of transmission for airborne infections: airborne transmission for particles under 5 micrometers that can remain suspended in air, and droplet transmission for larger particles that only travel short distances. It also discusses methods to measure air contamination like sedimentation plates and slit samplers. Finally, it covers the bacteriology of milk, types of bacteria found in milk, milkborne diseases, and examination methods for milk.
Tissue culture and virology (cpe, plaque assay)
Tissue and cell culture techniques allow viruses to be isolated and grown in vitro. Viruses are cultured by inoculating clinical specimens into various cell lines and monitoring for cytopathic effects that indicate viral infection. Identification of viral isolates is based on the type of cytopathic effects observed and can be confirmed through immunoassays or plaque assays, which involve counting viral plaques to determine viral titers. Proper transport and processing of clinical samples as well as optimized cell culture conditions are important for successful viral isolation.
Blood smear staining
This ppt contain usefull information regarding different staining methods and stains with photographs...enjoy and learn it..give comments..
Automated microbial identification system
It has been developed for the detection, enumeration & identification of bacteria & yeasts in clinical specimens.
It is an instrument used for automatic computer-assisted identification of bacteria
It mainly involves staining, motility test, cultural characteristics, a series of biochemical tests.
The automatic bacteria identification system automatically identifies the bacteria in very short time.
stains
This document discusses the preparation and staining of blood films, which is an important investigation in hematology. It describes how Romanowsky stains like Wright's, Leishman, Giemsa, and Jenner's stains are commonly used to differentially stain components of blood cells. Specifically, it provides details on the preparation and staining procedures for Leishman's stain and Giemsa's stain, the most frequently used stains. An optimal pH of 6.8 is recommended for staining all components when using Romanowsky stains.
Epidemiological marker (serotyping and bacteriocin typing)
This document discusses various epidemiological marker typing methods used to differentiate bacterial strains, including serotyping, bacteriocin typing, and colicin typing. Serotyping is based on antigenic differences expressed on bacterial cell surfaces and has good reproducibility but poor discriminatory power. Bacteriocin typing examines bacteriocin production and susceptibility patterns to distinguish strains. It has fair reproducibility and discriminatory power but some strains are non-typeable. Colicin typing specifically examines colicin production in E. coli strains using a spot culture method with indicator strains. These typing methods can help epidemiological studies and hospital infection control.
Proteus spp lecture
This document discusses the laboratory diagnosis of Proteus bacteria, which are gram-negative rods commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans. Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris are the two most medically important species. P. mirabilis causes most Proteus infections in humans through urinary tract infections, sepsis, and wound or ear infections. P. vulgaris is an important cause of infections in hospitals. Diagnosis involves examining urine, pus, blood or ear discharge samples under a gram stain for gram-negative rods and testing for characteristics like swarming colonies, positive urease and gelatinase tests, and reaction on MacConkey agar and biochemical tests.
PROTEUS
This document provides information on the bacteria Proteus, including its characteristics, virulence factors, infections it causes, identification and treatment. It notes that Proteus is a gram-negative, motile bacillus that is commonly found in the intestines and can cause urinary tract and nosocomial infections. Its main virulence factors include urease production, which allows it to colonize the urinary tract, and fimbriae, which aid in attachment and colonization. Identification involves culturing on media like blood agar where it displays swarming motility and testing for properties such as being urease positive and oxidase negative. Treatment involves antibiotics like beta-lactams, aminoglycosides
2 specimen collection
Direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens can provide a presumptive diagnosis of fungal infection by revealing the presence of fungal elements. Different stains and techniques are used to visualize fungi depending on the suspected infection. KOH wet mounts are useful for superficial mycoses while GMS, H&E and fluorescent antibody stains aid in diagnosis of deep mycoses from tissue biopsies and body fluids. Proper specimen collection and rapid microscopic evaluation can help initiate appropriate antifungal treatment.
PARASITIC INFECTIONS
This document discusses parasitology and the diagnosis of parasitic infections through fecal examination. It describes the different types of parasitic relationships and how common some parasitic infections are worldwide. The document outlines the proper procedures for collecting, transporting, examining through wet mount microscopy, and diagnosing parasites in fecal samples. These include using saline, iodine, and buffered methylene blue wet mounts to identify eggs, larvae, trophozoites, and cysts under the microscope. Thorough microscopic examination of concentrated fecal samples is necessary to reliably detect parasites.
Routes for inocculation of virus in an emryonated egg
The document describes a procedure for inoculating embryonated eggs with a virus to study viral growth. It provides details on the necessary materials, including 9-10 day old eggs, syringes, needles, inoculum, and incubators. The procedure involves candling the eggs to locate the embryo, puncturing the shell and injecting 0.1ml of viral suspension at a specific site. The eggs are then sealed and incubated. Successful inoculation is indicated by visible pocks on the eggs or embryo death. Advantages of this method include its wide use for viral isolation and growth, low cost, and sterile environment free from bacterial and viral contamination.
Biochemical test of bacteria
The document provides instructions for performing several microbiological tests, including sugar fermentation tests, indole production, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate utilization, nitrate reduction, urease, triple sugar iron, oxidase, catalase, amylase, and lipase. It explains the principles, expected results, and interpretations for each test. The tests can be used to differentiate bacterial species and determine their metabolic abilities.
Virus neutralization test
The viral neutralization test is a serological method that detects the presence of viral neutralizing antibodies. It involves mixing dilutions of antibodies with a standardized amount of virus, incubating them, and observing for cytopathic effects in cell cultures. If the antibodies neutralize the virus, no cytopathic effects will be observed as the cells remain intact. While the viral neutralization test is highly sensitive and specific, it is also slow, intensive, and requires skilled technicians. It remains the gold standard method for diagnosing viral infections in the laboratory by comparing other test methods to it.
Serological tests
This document summarizes various serological tests used to detect antigens and antibodies. It describes primary, secondary and tertiary serological tests including ELISA, immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay and more. It also details different types of agglutination tests like qualitative and quantitative tests. Additional tests covered are precipitation tests, complement fixation tests, passive hemagglutination and sandwich ELISA. The document provides information on applications and procedures for many antibody and antigen detection techniques.
E coli
Microbiology of E coli giving basic of Escherichia coli, its morphology, cultural and biochemical characteristics, Antigenic character, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control
What's hot (20)
Epidemiological marker (serotyping and bacteriocin typing)
Epidemiological marker (serotyping and bacteriocin typing)
Routes for inocculation of virus in an emryonated egg
Routes for inocculation of virus in an emryonated egg
Viewers also liked
Cultivation of Viruses
Viruses can be cultivated within suitable host cells like bacteria to allow for viral replication. Bacteriophages are commonly grown by adding them to a culture of bacteria in a growth medium. The bacteriophages will multiply within the bacteria, destroying cells and releasing new viral particles. Viruses are also cultivated in tissue culture systems using cell lines grown in suspension. The virus infects the host cells, forcing them to produce new virus copies until the cells are lysed. Viral titers can be determined using plaque assays, where viral plaques are counted, or animal inoculation studies.
Laboratory Virology
This document discusses various techniques for diagnosing and studying viruses in a laboratory setting. It describes growing viruses in cell cultures and embryonated eggs, observing cytopathic effects, and quantifying viruses using plaque assays, particle counting, and hemagglutination assays. It also covers transforming infected cells to develop continuous cell lines and detecting viral proteins and antibodies using techniques like western blotting. The goal is to isolate, propagate, quantify, and identify viruses for research and clinical diagnosis.
Cultivation of viruses uhf copy - copy
This document discusses viruses and methods for cultivating viruses. It describes viruses as obligate intracellular parasites that can only multiply inside living host cells. The three main methods for cultivating viruses discussed are inoculation of viruses into animals, embryonated eggs, and tissue culture. For animal inoculation, mice are commonly used and viruses can be introduced via different routes. Embryonated eggs provide a suitable environment for virus growth and isolation. Tissue culture involves culturing cells or tissue fragments, and cell lines provide indefinite growth. Detection of virus growth involves monitoring for cytopathic effects, hemadsorption, interference, and other methods.
Virology - Prac. Microbiology
Viruses are the smallest infectious agents that can only be seen using an electron microscope. They are obligatory intracellular parasites that contain either DNA or RNA, not both. Viruses are diagnosed through direct detection of the virus or its components using techniques like electron microscopy, immunoassays, and PCR. Indirect methods include serological diagnosis by detecting antibodies and skin tests. Viruses are cultivated inside living cells in tissue culture or laboratory animals since they cannot grow on artificial media.
Nutrition, cultivation and isolation of bacteria
Bacteria exhibit different modes of nutrition and can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic. Heterotrophic bacteria rely on organic compounds from other organisms as a source of carbon and energy, while autotrophic bacteria produce their own organic compounds through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Bacteria require specific environmental conditions for growth such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, moisture, light, osmotic conditions, and chemical nutrients. Their growth occurs in distinct phases including a lag phase, logarithmic or exponential growth phase, stationary phase, and death phase.
Lab diagnosis of viruses
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. It describes River's postulates which are modified Koch's postulates used to identify viruses as the cause of disease. It also discusses indications for laboratory diagnosis such as managing diseases with available antiviral treatment. General approaches for diagnosis include direct demonstration of viruses and components, virus isolation, and detection of specific antibodies. Common methods described are microscopy, cell and tissue culture, serology including ELISA and PCR, and detection of cytopathic effects.
Cell culture, Different type of cell culture media, types of media
This document provides information on different types of cell culture media. It discusses natural media including biological fluids and tissue extracts. It also discusses artificial/synthetic media including balanced salt solutions, basal media, and complex media. Specific components of media are outlined including amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts, glucose, serum, proteins, growth factors, hormones, and antibiotics. Different types of specialized media are also mentioned such as serum-free, chemically defined, conditioned, and protein-free media. Criteria for selecting the appropriate media for specific cell lines is discussed.
Isolation of viruses and Viral quantification
Stepwise description on how to cultivate viruses and a brief introduction to the ways of viral quantification.
Viewers also liked (9)
Cell culture, Different type of cell culture media, types of media
Cell culture, Different type of cell culture media, types of media
Similar to Egg inoculation technique complete 1
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Lecture 6 Virus inactivation and removal
The document discusses validation studies for virus inactivation and removal in biotechnology products. It describes the aims of validation guidelines to provide guidance on designing validation studies, including selecting viruses and interpreting results to define effective process steps for inactivating and removing viruses. Validation is important for products derived from cell lines, blood, tissues or other biological sources to prevent viral transmission. Common virus inactivation methods discussed include solvent/detergent treatment, pasteurization, low pH treatment, and UV irradiation. Critical production parameters influencing effectiveness must be thoroughly investigated.
Viriology
Viruses can be cultivated through several methods, including inoculation in animals, embryonated eggs, and tissue/cell culture. Inoculation in animals allows study of viral replication and immune responses but is expensive. Embryonated eggs are widely used as they are inexpensive and viruses can replicate, though not all human viruses grow well. Tissue/cell culture is now preferred, using primary cultures, continuous cell lines, or explant cultures. Growth is detected through cytopathic effects, staining, or metabolic changes in infected cells.
vaccination in fish
The document discusses fish vaccination, including its importance for sustainable aquaculture, types of vaccines, and mechanisms of action. Vaccination provides an alternative to antibiotics for combating bacterial and viral diseases. Major types include whole organism vaccines using killed or attenuated pathogens, as well as purified subunit and recombinant vaccines. Development of new fish vaccines takes 5-8 years and involves disease characterization, laboratory testing, field trials, and licensing. Current commercially available vaccines protect against diseases such as furunculosis, vibriosis, and spring viraemia of carp.
Introduction to cell culture.pptx
safety data sheet, an introduction to cell culture, safety equipment, safe laboratory practices, ascetic techniques, sterile work area, good personal hygiene, sterile reagents and media, sterile handling, planning of cell culture labs.
Cultivation of virus
This document discusses three methods for cultivating viruses: laboratory animals, embryonated eggs, and tissue culture. Laboratory animals like monkeys were historically used but pose risks, while embryonated eggs are economical and sterile but some viruses don't grow in them. Tissue culture became important when Enders grew polio virus in human cells, allowing cultivation of many viruses. The three tissue culture types are organ culture, explant culture, and cell culture.
Cell culture based vaccines
This document discusses cell culture based vaccine production. It begins by introducing different types of vaccines and traditional egg-based vaccine production methods and their limitations. It then describes the importance and advantages of cell culture based production, including types of cells used. The key steps of the cell culture based production process are outlined, including strain selection, bulk production, purification, virus inactivation, formulation, quality control testing, and lot release. Examples are given of specific vaccines produced through cell culture methods like influenza, rabies, and dengue vaccines. The conclusion discusses the potential for cell culture to replace egg-based methods and future research perspectives.
Cell culture based vaccines
This document discusses cell culture based vaccine production. It begins by introducing different types of vaccines and traditional egg-based vaccine production methods and their limitations. It then describes the importance and advantages of cell culture based methods, including types of cells used. The key steps of the cell culture based production process are outlined, including strain selection, bulk production, purification, virus inactivation, formulation, quality control testing, and lot release. Specific cell culture based vaccines for influenza, rabies, dengue, and Ebola are discussed. The conclusion emphasizes the potential for cell culture to replace egg-based methods by producing vaccines faster and in larger quantities to meet global demand.
Doctors Data Inc A Revolution in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Microflora
Recent research regarding the gastrointestinal microbiome has irrefutably confirmed the fact that the
microbial inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, and their astonishing scope of metabolic activities,
are at the very core of health and numerous disease processes. It is also clear that clinical microbiology
testing should be optimized to address the relative abundance of all bacterial species present in a stool
specimen.
Cultivation of virus
This document discusses techniques for cultivating viruses. It explains that viruses require living host cells to replicate and describes three main cultivation methods: animal inoculation, embryonated egg inoculation, and tissue culture. Animal inoculation involves infecting animals like mice to isolate and study viruses, but it is expensive and raises welfare issues. Embryonated egg inoculation is commonly used to grow viruses by inoculating eggs at specific sites, and it is cost-effective but each virus grows at different sites. Tissue culture uses cell monolayers and is versatile but requires specialized facilities and technicians. The document provides details on each technique's advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Strain Improvement.pptx QWERTUIOPDFGJSDFG
This document discusses strain isolation, improvement, and preservation for industrial use. It defines a strain as a genetic variant of a microorganism that can be differentiated by its genetic makeup. Industrial strains are preferable if they produce a single desired product to simplify recovery. Strain development is important to produce high yields of products economically. Methods to develop strains include isolation from natural environments, mutation and selection, and genetic engineering techniques to introduce desirable traits or products. Proper isolation, improvement, and preservation of strains are necessary for effective industrial bioprocesses.
Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Poultry Disease Diagnosis
Latest advanced (molecular) techniques used in the laboratory to diagnosis diseases of poultry and other avian species..
Introduction to Animal Cell Culture
This presentation presents an overview of definition, equipment, various cell culturing methods,
characterization, and applications of animal cell culture. This presentation also contains MCQs to acquaint reader about types of question asked in various competitive examinations.
new Virus culture techniques
Virus culture techniques document outlines various methods for culturing viruses in the laboratory. It discusses how viruses differ from other microbes in that they are obligate intracellular parasites that cannot replicate outside of host cells. Three main virus culture methods are described: inoculation of laboratory animals, cultivation in embryonated eggs, and cell/tissue culture. Culturing viruses allows them to be isolated, identified, and studied. While animal inoculation was historically used, embryonated eggs and cell/tissue culture are now more common due to their lower cost and greater ease of use. The document provides details on techniques for culturing viruses in embryonated eggs, including candling, inoculation site marking, and exposing the chorioallanto
Viruses and vaccine production
viral vaccine production basics and manufacturing basics involved in development in research. Cell lines and characteristics of cell substrates and mode of operation useful for increased cell density. Basics of vaccine types and their features.
Microbiology of banana.pptx
Bananas are highly perishable tropical fruits that are easily contaminated by microbes. Common microbes that cause banana spoilage include Fusarium, Mucor, Collectotrichum, and Rhizopus fungi, as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, and E. coli bacteria. Microbes are introduced through physical damage during handling and storage or contamination from handlers. Proper handling, refrigeration, drying, packaging, and discarding of spoiled bananas can help prevent microbial growth and spoilage.
Use of Plants as Bioreactors for edible vaccine production
This document discusses the use of plants as bioreactors for the production of edible vaccines. It defines a bioreactor as a device that uses living cells to generate high-value products from low-value substrates. Transgenic plants engineered with foreign genes can be used as bioreactors by expressing proteins of interest. Edible vaccines involve engineering antigenic proteins into edible plants so that after ingestion, the protein is released and recognized by the immune system. Current research aims to develop edible vaccines that are heat-stable, easy to administer orally, and provide both mucosal and systemic immunity in a cost-effective manner without the need for refrigeration.
Cell culture types and application in vaccine production
Cell culture can be used to produce vaccines. There are three main types of cell culture: primary cell culture, secondary cell culture, and cell lines/strains. Cell lines like Vero and MDCK cells are often used to grow viruses that are then purified and tested for vaccine production. This includes vaccines for influenza, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, rotavirus, measles, smallpox, and polio. Cell culture methods allow high purity vaccines to be produced more quickly than egg-based methods and can be scaled up for pandemic response. However, not all viruses can be grown in cell culture.
Alan Lesniewicz Memorial Lecture at UIC - July 2015
This is the keynote lecture given at the University of Illinois at Chicago Garden Walk event in the department of Pharmacognosy. The objectives of the talk were:
·Discuss the role of medical ethnobotany in drug discovery efforts
·Explore state-of-the-art research techniques that examine the activity of botanical natural products with next generation antibiotic discovery efforts focused on “alternative targets”, such as bacterial communication systems
·Provide examples of current research underway by her group both in the field (especially through fieldwork in the Mediterranean) and the lab (natural product research on multidrug resistant bacteria).
Similar to Egg inoculation technique complete 1 (20)
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes
Doctors Data Inc A Revolution in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Microflora
Doctors Data Inc A Revolution in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Microflora
Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Poultry Disease Diagnosis
Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Poultry Disease Diagnosis
Use of Plants as Bioreactors for edible vaccine production
Use of Plants as Bioreactors for edible vaccine production
Cell culture types and application in vaccine production
Cell culture types and application in vaccine production
Alan Lesniewicz Memorial Lecture at UIC - July 2015
Alan Lesniewicz Memorial Lecture at UIC - July 2015
Recently uploaded
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of common terms used in context of Generative AI.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Revolutionizing Application Development
with AI-powered low-code, presentation by George Aspiotis, Sr. Partner Development Manager, Microsoft
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the Elixir programming ecosystem in May 2024
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays, June 2024 with Maria Copot 20
Things to Consider When Choosing a Website Developer for your Website | FODUU
Choosing the right website developer is crucial for your business. This article covers essential factors to consider, including experience, portfolio, technical skills, communication, pricing, reputation & reviews, cost and budget considerations and post-launch support. Make an informed decision to ensure your website meets your business goals.
Recently uploaded (20)
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Things to Consider When Choosing a Website Developer for your Website | FODUU
Things to Consider When Choosing a Website Developer for your Website | FODUU
Egg inoculation technique complete 1
- 1. EGG INOCULATION TECHNIQUES By DR. R. KALAIMATHI M.V.Sc. (Micro), Ph.D. (Biotech) Mobile – 94447 72414
- 2. VIRUS CULTIVATION SYSTEMS 1. BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM 2. EMBRYONATED EGGS 3. TISSUE CULTURE SYSTEM
- 3. IN-VIVO / IN-VITRO? 1. Biological System a) Natural host b) Experimental animals In - vivo c) Transgenic animals 2. Embryonated Eggs – In - vivo & In - vitro 3. Tissue Culture System – In - Vitro
- 4. ANIMAL INOCULATION- DISADVANTAGES • Cost • Maintenance • Interference of immune system • Individual variations • Difficulty in choosing of animals for particular virus
- 5. EMBRYONATED EGGS ADVANTAGES • Isolation and cultivation of many avian and few mammalian viruses • Ideal receptacle for virus to grow • Sterile & wide range of tissues and fluids
- 6. •Cost- much less •Maintenance-easier •Less labour • Readily available
- 7. • Free from bacteria and many latent viruses. • Free from specific and non specific factors of defence. • Sensitive to viruses which do not produce infection in adult birds.
- 8. METHODS OF CULTIVATION • Various routes of inoculation a)Yolk sac b) Allantoic sac c) Chorioallantoic membrane d. Amniotic cavity e. Intravenous
- 9. CANDLING BOX
- 11. EMBRYONATED EGG
- 12. BLOOD VESSELS
- 13. YOLK SAC ROUTE
- 14. YOLK SAC ROUTE •Advantages •Simplest method •Mostly mammalian viruses •Immune interference for most of avian viruses •Disadvantages •Not suited for avian viruses
- 15. ALLANTOIC ROUTE – INOCULATION SITE DETERMINATION
- 16. CHORIOALLANTOIC SAC ROUTE OF INOCULATION
- 19. ALLANTOIC ROUTE •Most popular •Most of avian viruses •High titered virus •Simple technique
- 20. CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE ROUTE • Pox and Herpes viruses. • ‘Pock Lesions’ • Suitable for plaque studies
- 25. CAM ROUTE OF INOCULATION
- 27. EGG INOCULATION ROUTES - COMBINED
- 29. AMNIOTIC ROUTE • Primary isolation of influenza and mumps viruses • Growth of virus detected by haemagglutination Hemorrhagic lesions in the proventriculus, seen at necropsy in fowl with avian influenza Influenza Virus Mumps Virus
- 31. INTRAVENOUS ROUTE • Blue tongue virus • Cherry red embryo • Highly cumbersome • Most sophisticated procedure
- 33. EGG HOLDERS
- 42. IBV EMBRYOS
- 46. DUCK PLAGUE – VIRULENT VIRUS
- 47. DUCK PLAGUE VACCINE VIRUS
- 48. BLUE TONGUE VIRUS – CHERRY RED EMBRYO
- 49. BLUE TONGUE VIRUS – CHERRY RED EMBRYO
- 50. Egg Holders
- 52. ‘POCK’ LESIONS ON CAM