The document discusses various automated systems used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, which have evolved from traditional biochemical tests since their introduction in the 1970s. Key automated systems mentioned include MALDI-TOF, Vitek 2, Phoenix, and Microscan Walkaway, each offering rapid identification and testing with differing methodologies and turnaround times. These systems improve accuracy and efficiency in clinical microbiology laboratories by providing precise identification and susceptibility results within a few hours.

1. AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR
BACTERIAL
IDENTIFICATION
DEEKSHANT KUMAR
BSAMCH

3. AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR BACTERIAL
IDENTIFICATION
Automated instruments for the identification of
microorganisms were introduced into clinical microbiology
laboratories in the 1970s.
Traditionally, the bacterial identification is carried out by
performing a series of biochemical tests.
But in Modern era, automated systems are available which
help in bacterial identification.

4. AUTOMATED SYSTEMS
oMALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser
Desorption/Ionization-Time Of Flight)
oVITEK-2(bioMérieux)
oPhoenix(BD Diagnostics)
oMicroScanWalkAway system(Beckman Coulter)

5. MALDI-TOF
•CAN IDENTIFY BACTERIA,FUNGI AND MYCOBACTERIA WITH A
TURNAROUND TIME OF FEW MINTUTES AND WITH ABSOLUTE
ACCURACY.
•TWO SYSTEM COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE:-
1. VITEK MS(bioMérieux)
2. Biotyper system(Brunker)

6. PRINCIPLE
IT EXAMINES THE PATTERN OF
RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS PRESENT IN THE
MICROORGANISM.

8. SOURCE-JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS27(2019)

10. SOURCE-JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS27(2019)

11. VITEK 2
•MOST WIDELY USED AUTOMATED SYSTEM IN INDIA.
•USED FOR IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY
TESTING(AST) OF BACTERIA AND YEAST.
•IT USES COLORIMETRIC REAGENT CARD CONTAINING 64 WELLS;EACH
WELL CONTAINS AN INDIVIDUAL TEST SUBSTRATE.
•SUBSTRATE CARD IS AVAILABLE FOR GRAM NEGATIVE BATERIA, GRAM
POSITIVE BACTERIA, FASTIDIOUS BACTERIA AND YEAST.

13. IDENTIFICATION
SUBSTRATES IN THE WELL MEASURES VARIOUS METABOLIC ACTIVITIES SUCH
AS ACIDIFICATION,ALKYLATION, ENZYME HYDROLYSIS, etc. WHICH HELP IN
IDENTIFICATION OF THE ENZYME.
THE REACTION PATTERN OBTAINED FROM THE TEST ORGANISM IS COMPARED
WITH THE DATABASE AND IDENTIFICATION IS REPORTED WITH THE
CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF MATCHING(EXCELLENT MATCHING TO UNIDENTIFIED
ORGANISMS).

14. ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY
TEST(AST)
PRINCIPLE- MICROBROTH DILUTION.
THE WELLS IN THE CARD CONTAIN DOUBLING DILTUION OF ANTIMICROBIAL
AGENTS.
THE ORGANISM SUSPENSION(OF THE TURBIDITY AS RECOMMENDED BY
MANUFACTURE)IS ADDED TO THE WELLS.
THE MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION(MIC) IS DETERMINED AS THE
HIGHEST DILUTION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT WHICH INHIBITS THE
GROWTH OF ORGANISM.

15. INCUBATION
THE CARD ARE INCUBATED IN THE SYSTEM AT 35.5 ± 1°C.
THE READING IS TAKEN ONCE EVERY 15 MINUTES BY OPTICAL SYSTEM
OF THE EQUIPMENT WHICH MEASURES PRESENCE OF ANY COLORED
PRODUCTS OF SUBSTRATE METABOLISM(FOR IDENTIFICATION) OR
TURBIDITY FOR AST.
THE RESULT OF IDENTIFICATION IS USUALLY
AVAILABLE WITHIN 4-6 HOURS AND AST WITHIN
16-18HOURS.

16. Phoenix(BD Diagnostics)
The BD Phoenix™ automated identification and susceptibility testing system
provides rapid, accurate and reliable detection of known and emerging
antimicrobial resistance.
It also enables workflow efficiency by utilizing automated nephelometry,
which results in a standardized isolate inoculum and a reduction in potential
technologist error.
MicroScanWalkAway system(Beckman Coulter)
The DxM MicroScan WalkAway system delivers trusted detection of
emerging and critical antimicrobial resistance with gold-standard MIC
accuracy.
Designed with ease of use as a focal point, this bacterial identification
and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ID/AST) system provides
streamlined workflows and enhanced performance compared to its
predecessors.

17. THANKYOU