Micronutrients are the nutrients which required in small quantity by crops for complete their life cycle

1. WEL COME

2. VNMKV, Parbhani
College of Agriculture, Latur-413512
Prepared by
KUMBHAR C.S.
2015A/45ML
DEPT. OF SSAC
COA, LATUR
Research Guide
Prof. Bhagyaresha R. Gajbhiye
DEPT. OF SSAC
COA, LATUR
Master’s Seminar (SOILS -591)
Effect of Zn, Fe and B on Uptake,
Yield and Quality of sunflower

3. INTRODUCTION :
 Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop in India popularly
known as “Surajmukhi.”
The name “Helianthus” is derived from ‘Helios’ meaning ‘sun’ and ‘anthos’
meaning ‘flower’. It is belongs to the family compositeae.
 It is one of the fastest growing oilseed crops in India.
India is largest producer of oilseed in world in terms of output and in terms of
area. Sunflower is a all season crop,ranks third next to the groundnut and soybean in
the total production of oilsseed in the world.
Sunflower can play an important role in meeting out the shortage of edible oils in
the country.

4. MiCRONUTRIENTS
“Micronutrients are the nutrients which
required in small quantity by crops for
complete their life cycle”
The are necessary in only extremely small amounts(< 1 ppm )in the
plant.
It includes Fe, Zn ,Cu ,Mn ,B ,Mo ,Co, and Cl.

5. The micronutrients requirement by crops for normal growth and
high yield is small compared to that of the macronutrients.
Micronutrients are essential for the normal growth of the plants,
Deficiences of micronutrient drastically affects the growth,
metabolism and reproductive phase of plants.
 Nevertheless, each of the micronutrients Boron (B), Copper (Cu),
Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), and Zinc (Zn),
meet the requirements for essentiality in plants and despite the
small amounts needed by crop to complete their life cycles.

6. Zinc Zn play important role in seed setting and yield of sunflower.
Helps in CHO metabolism and protein synthesis.
Helps in seed setting
Iron Help in accumulation of lipids.
Increase both quantitative yield of sunflower under irrigated condition.
Boron Boron can influence photosynthesis and respiration .
Activate the number of enzymatic system of protein and nucleic acid metabolism
in plant.
Ensures adequate seed set.
Increases seed density.
Manganese Constituent of some enzymes and party as an activator of other enzymes.
Involved in photosynthetic O2 evolution, CHO metabolism and lipid synthesis.
6
Role of micronutrients in oil seeds:

7. Deficiency of Boron in Sunflower
• Boron deficiency will cause dieback of
terminals (buds) and of the connective
tissue between stems and stalks.
• Leaves will curl downward, show
discolorations and will develop necroses on
the surface of the leaf blades and between
veins (insides of veins drying up).
• These symptoms will first appear on the
plant’s lower parts (older leaves) and will
slowly move up to its tip.
• Flowering will be impaired, and in case of
extended, acute deficiency stalks may break
and flower heads may fall of.

8. Deficiency of Zinc in Sunflower
• Zinc deficiency appeared on mature middle and old leaves.
• Zinc deficiency depressed the growth of sunflower.
• Up to 50% reduction in crop growth can result due to Zn
deficiency.
• Intervainal chlorosis and fading of green colour from margin
and apices.
• Concentration of cholorophyll a and b and protein were
lowered.
• These are light green yellow or bleached spots in interveinal
areas of older leaves emerging leaves become smaller in size
• The interveinal areas of the subterminal leaves develop light
brown necrotic patches
• Zinc-deficient plants are stunted and produce small, thin grains.

9. Deficiency of Iron in Sunflower
 Iron deficient leaves typically develope intervenial
cholorosis.
 When deficiency is acute, the whole leaf takes on a
bleached appearance and necrotic lesions may developed
 Because of restricted phloem mobility of Fe, symptoms
usually progress from young to mature leaves.
 Weakness in plant.
 Reduce the chelating activity in rhizosphere
 Reduce the respiration
 Reduce the enzyme activity in plant.

10. 10
Table-1:Typical Concentrations in Soils
Micronutrient Range Average
Iron (Fe2+, Fe3+) 0.5 – 50 % 3 – 4 %
Manganese (Mn2+) 20 – 3,000 ppm 600 ppm
Nickel (Ni2+) 2 – 750 ppm 50 ppm
Zinc (Zn2+) 10 – 300 ppm 50 ppm
Copper (Cu2+) 2 – 100 ppm 9 ppm
Boron (H3BO3) 2 – 200 ppm 50 ppm
Molybdenum (MoO4
2-) 0.2 – 5.0 ppm 1.2 ppm
Chloride (Cl-) highly variable

11. Effect of micronutrient on growth character of
sunflower

12. Treatment Plant
height(cm)
No of leaves
/plant
Stem
girth(cm)
Head
diameter(cm)
Head
weight(gm)
B(0.3%) 64.33 22.30 4.13 13.20 44.70
Fe(0.5%) 63.66 21.80 4.16 13.43 43.47
Zn(0.5%) 65.00 23.02 4.13 13.83 43.93
Fe(0.5%)+B(0.5%) 64.00 22.70 4.16 12.60 43.27
B(0.3%)+Zn(0.5%) 63.33 23.00 4.20 13.27 43.93
Fe(0.5%)+Zn(0.5
%)
63.66 22.26 4.13 12.76 40.20
Control 60.00 19.6 3.90 9.93 38.20
SEm 0.51 0.14 0.032 0.29 1.23
CD(P=0.05) 1.56 0.43 0.10 0.90 2.78
Table 1:Effect of micronutrients application on the growth characters of sunflower
(DSH-1)
Arvindakumar et al.2009

13. Table 2: Effect of Zn and Iron levels on growth parameter of sunflower
Treatments
Zn (kg/ha) + Fe(kg/ha)
Plant height(cm) Head
diameter(cm)
T1 0 0 150.31 16.06
T2 0 2.5 150.64 16.31
T3 0 5.0 155.30 16.64
T4 5.0 0 160.31 16.35
T5 5.0 2.5 158.64 16.64
T6 5.0 5.0 155.63 16.32
T7 10.0 0 156.32 17.60
T8 10.0 2.5 151.01 17.64
T9 10.0 5.0 167.04 17.83
Khan et al.2009

14. Treatment Plant
height(cm)
Leaf area(cm²) Leaf area
index
T1 RDF (62.5:75:62) 197.34 3013.3 1.67
T2 RDF+FYM 226.75 3381.5 1.88
T3 T2+ZnSo4@12.5kg/ha 231.25 3426.7 1.90
T4 T2+ZnO @5.5 kg/ha 230.56 3404.7 1.89
T5 T2+Borax @0.5% Kg/ha 235.31 3495.2 1.94
T6 T2+ZnSo4@12.5+Borax@5Kg/ha 239.87 3708.5 2.06
T7 T2+ZnSo4+spray@0.5% 231.07 3415.8 1.90
T8 T2+ZnO spray @0.22% 229.47 3399.4 1.89
T9 T2+Borax spray @0.20% 233.84 3493.3 1.94
T10 T2+ ZnSo4@0.5%+Borax spray
@0.20%
238.68 3701.6 2.06
S.Em. 7.58 113.2 0.06
C.D.@5% 22.52 336.2 0.19
Table no 3:Growth parameter of Sunflower as influnced by different micronutrient
treatments
Roy et al.(2010)

15. Effect of micronutrient on yield and quality of
sunflower

16. Treatment
B levels
kg/ha
Capitulum
diameter(cm)
Number of
seeds
/capitulum
Seed
weight/capi
tulum(g)
Seed
yield(t/ha)
Harvest
index(%)
0 14.9 824.0 34.2 1.77 47.1
0.75 17.3 855.1 35.5 1.89 46.9
1.50 18.3 879.4 36.9 2.01 47.7
SEm ± 0.2 10.9 0.5 0.03 0.7
CD(P=0.05) 0.7 30.4 1.5 0.09 NS
Table 5 :Effect of B levels on yield attributes and yield of Sunflower
Shekhawat and Shivay .(2008)

17. Treatments Grain
Yield
2000 2001
T1 Control 1350 1143
T2 50kg FYM enriched with 1.25 kg Zn/ha 1381 1173
T3 50kg FYM enriched with 2.50 kg Zn/ha 1425 1250
T4 50kg FYM enriched with 5.0 kg Zn/ha 1500 1356
T5 50kg FYM enriched with 2.5 kg Zn+1.5 kg B/ha 1470 1317
T6 50kg CCP enriched with 2.5 kg Zn/ha 1391 1273
T7 5 kg Zn+1.5 kg B+5 kg Fe/ha 1489 1289
CD 65.0 115.0
Table 6 :Effect of Zn enriched organics and multi micronutrients on yield of
sunflower
Chitdeshwari and Poongothai.2002

18. Treatment
(Kg per ha)
Oil
Content %
Oil
Yield(kg/ha)
seed
Protein %
S1 S2 S1 S2 S1 S2
T1 NPK control 35.1 35.3 576 580 13.3 13.6
T2 0.5 kg B 35.3 35.4 604 604 13.6 14.0
T3 1.0 kg B 35.9 36.8 647 657 14.6 14.7
T4 1.5kg B 37.4 37.7 691 720 15.8 16.5
T5 2.0 kg B 37.1 38.5 730 759 17.5 18.4
T6 0.2% B Foilar spray 37.1 37.2 644 663 15.4 16.0
T7 0.3% BFoliar spray 37.1 36.9 693 703 15.6 16.2
Mean 36.6 36.9 655 669 15.1 15.6
SEd 0.221 0.118 6.53 3.49 0.114 0.061
CD(P=0.05) 0.454 0.243 13.43 7.18 0.234 0.125
Table 4 : Effect of Boron source levels and methods of B application on sunflower oil
content, oil yield and seed protein.
Renukadevi et al.2002
S1=Boric Acid
S2=Agribor(Boron Fertilizer)

19. Treatment No of unfilled seed/head Seed yield(kg/ha)
B(0.3%) 134.0 983
Fe(0.5%) 151.3 821
Zn(0.5%) 147.0 870
Fe(0.5%)+B(0.5%) 136.3 976
B(0.3%)+Zn(0.5%) 144.0 926
Fe(0.5%)+Zn(0.5%) 148.3 887
Control 167.0 757
SEm 2.18 10
CD(P=0.05) 6.73 31
Table 7:Effect of micronutrient application on the Yield characters of sunflower
Arvindkumar et al.2009

20. Treatment Seed
yield(kg/ha)
Stalk
yield(kg/ha)
Harvest
index(%)
T1–60 kg N/ha+0.1% boron 1216 2123 36.1
T2–60 kg N/ha+0.15% boron 1219 2124 36.2
T3–60 kg N/ha+0.2% boron 1225 2143 36.3
T4–90 kg N/ha+0.1% boron 1409 2366 37.2
T5–90 kg N/ha+0.15% boron 1414 2370 37.3
T6–90 kg N/ha+0.2% boron 1418 2376 37.3
T7–120 kg N/ha+0.1% boron 1522 2563 37.4
T8–120 kg N/ha+0.15% boron 1531 2567 37.4
T9–120 kg N/ha+0.2% boron 1534 2569 37.4
T10–90 kg N/ha+ Hand pollination 1368 2285 37.0
S.Em. 63 75 0.12
C.D.(P+0.05) 189 225 0.38
Table 8:Seed yield, stalk yield and harvest index of sunflower as influenced by nitrogen and
boron application
Parameswari et al.2012

21. Table 9:Effects of foliar micronutrient application on grain yield and yield components
in sunflower.
Treatment Seed yield (g/m2) 1000 seed weight (g)
Micro nutrient
T1 Fe 115.52 29.86
T2 Zn 104.41 29.37
T3 Mn 112.4 28.68
T4 Fe+Zn 97.87 26.38
T5 Fe+Mn 106.18 26.63
T6 Zn+Mn 94.01 25.53
T7 Fe+Zn+Mn 108.68 27.64
Mahdi et al. 2011

22. Treatment 100 seed wt(g) Seed yield(kg/ha) Stalk yield(kg/ha)
T1 Control 4.081 1457.8 2619.4
T2 0.25% Zncl2 4.095 1732.8 2902.0
T3 T2+S 4.151 2165.0 3530.6
T4 0.50%ZnCl3 4.117 1885.6 3155.0
T5 T4+S 4.175 2302.2 3777.2
T6 0.25%FeCl3 4.102 1785.6 2983.3
T7 T6+S 4.158 2215.6 3614.4
T8 0.50%FeCl3 4.125 1932.8 3246.7
T9 T8+S 4.185 2348.3 3855.0
T10 0.25%MnO 4.088 1678.3 2819.4
T11 T10+S 4.143 2131.7 3444.4
T12 0.50%MnO 4.109 1836.1 3061.7
T13 T12+S 4.166 2264.4 3696.7
T14 0.25% B 4.133 2077.8 3336.1
T15 T14+S 4.198 2412.4 3977.2
CD(P=0.05) 0.059 32.71 74.36
Table 10:Influence of S and micronutrients on Yield and Yield attributes of sunflower
Poonkodi et al.2006

23. Treatment Protein content(%) Oil content(%)
T1 Control 15.89 31.56
T2 0.25%Zncl2 16.01 32.33
T3 T2+S 17.22 36.38
T4 0.50%ZnCl3 16.26 33.57
T5 T4+S 18.30 38.84
T6 0.25%FeCl3 16.06 32.73
T7 T6+S 17.54 37.14
T8 0.50%FeCl3 16.41 34.04
T9 T8+S 18.61 40.47
T10 0.25%MnO 15.94 31.94
T11 T10+S 16.91 35.65
T12 0.50%MnO 16.14 33.14
T13 T12+S 17.90 37.95
T14 0.25% B 16.59 34.66
T15 T14+S 19.03 42.90
CD(P=0.05) 0.047 0.345
Table 11:Influence of S and micronutrients on quality parameter of sunflower
Poonkodi et al.2006

24. Treatment Head
diameter(cm)
100 seed
wt(g)
No of
seeds/head
Seed
yield(q/h)
Stalk
yield(q/ha
T1 Control 7.3 3.89 400.3 9.7 12.6
T2 FYM(7.5t/ha) 8.1 5.06 513.4 12.6 17.0
T3 25% RDF+T2 8.4 5.24 589.1 14.4 18.2
T4 50% RDF+T2 10.4 5.38 729.2 15.0 19.8
T5 75% RDF+T2 12.5 5.70 911.4 17.8 22.9
T6 100% RDF+T2 14.5 5.97 995.7 19.4 23.3
T7 125% RDF+T2 16.9 6.07 1262.2 20.3 26.5
T8 150% RDF+T2 17.8 6.38 1609.7 23.8 27.1
T9 100%RDF+B(12.5kg/ha)
+FYM(7.5T/ha.
21.4 7.82 1883.8 26.1 29.8
T10 100%RDF+Zn(10kg/ha)
+FYM(7.5t/ha)
21.1 7.33 1804.9 24.1 28.3
T11 100%RDF+B(12.5kg/ha)+
Zn(10kg/ha)+FYM(7.5T/ha)
23.5 9.03 2072.8 28.1 31.7
S. E.m± 0.7 9.03 2072.5 0.7 0.7
C.D.@5% 2.0 1.06 76.2 20 2.1
Table 12:Yield and yield components of sunflower as influenced by different levels of nutrients
Ramulu et al.2011

25. Table 13: Effect of Zn and Iron levels on grain yield and oil content of sunflower
Treatments Zn Fe
(kg/ha)
Yield kg/ha Oil% 1000-Seed
weight(g)
T1 0 0 1869 37.01 50.32
T2 0 2.5 2016 37.52 49.51
T3 0 5.0 2119 37.30 50.87
T4 5.0 0 2029 38.66 50.34
T5 5.0 2.5 2150 38.74 50.20
T6 5.0 5.0 2223 39.21 52.04
T7 10.0 0 2453 39.83 53.84
T8 10.0 2.5 2454 39.88 54.15
T9 10.0 5.0 2743 39.70 59.70
Khan A. et al.2009

26. Treatment Oil Content(%) Oil yield(%)
T1–60 kg N/ha+0.1% boron 40.3 488
T2–60 kg N/ha+0.15% boron 40.2 490
T3–60 kg N/ha+0.2% boron 40.2 493
T4–90 kg N/ha+0.1% boron 39.3 570
T5–90 kg N/ha+0.15% boron 39.1 572
T6–90 kg N/ha+0.2% boron 39.1 573
T7–120 kg N/ha+0.1% boron 38.1 602
T8–120 kg N/ha+0.15% boron 38.0 604
T9–120 kg N/ha+0.2% boron 38.0 605.5
T10–90 kg N/ha+Hand pollination 39.0 570
S.Em. 0.26 25
C.D.(P+0.05) 0.79 77
Table 14: Oil content and oil yield of sunflower as influenced by nitrogen and boron application
Parameswari et al.2012

27. Treatment No of filled
seed
100 seed wt
(g/plant)
Seed
yield(g/plant)
T1 RDF 570.44 4.68 32.06
T2 RDF+FYM 760.18 5.79 45.32
T3 T2+ZnSo4@12.5kg/ha 781.17 5.81 48.54
T4 T2+ZnO @5.5 kg/ha 760.26 5.80 47.25
T5 T2+Borax @0.5% Kg/ha 786.69 5.84 50.97
T6 T2+ZnSo4@12.5+Borax@5Kg/ha 790.29 5.86 52.95
T7 T2+ZnSo4+spray@0.5% 782.72 5.83 50.54
T8 T2+ZnO spray @0.22% 763.64 5.80 49.53
T9 T2+Borax spray @0.20% 789.07 5.87 52.23
T10 T2+ ZnSo4@0.5%+Borax spray
@0.20%
794.56 5.89 53.80
S.Em. 36.68 0.21 3.41
C.D.@5% 108.97 0.63 10.13
Table no 15 : Yield parameter of Sunflower as influnced by different micronutrient
treatment
Roy et al.(2010)

28. Effect on Nutrient uptake of sunflower

29. Treatment
B levels kg/ha
N kg/ha P kg/ha K kg/ha S kg/ha B kg/ha
0 75.0 18.8 84.1 7.1 137.0
0.75 84.4 21.7 98.3 9.2 150.1
1.50 91.8 23.2 106.9 11.1 151.6
SEm ± 2.6 3.1 3.2 0.57 2.4
CD(P=0.05) 7.3 NS 9.0 1.6 1.8
Total Nutrient Uptake
Table 16:Effect of B levels on total nutrient uptake by Sunflower
Shekhawat and Shivay.2008

30. Treatment N(kg/ha) P(kg/ha) K (kg/h) Zn(gm/
ha)
B(gm/ha)
T1 Control 62.3 10.9 46.2 491.3 396.2
T2 FYM(7.5t/ha) 70.4 12.9 50.1 559.9 470.8
T 3 25% RDF+T2 74.7 14.0 54.3 609.7 534.8
T4 50% RDF+T2 80.5 16.3 57.3 635.8 635.5
T5 75% RDF+T2 94.7 17.7 58.8 664.9 693.6
T6 100% RDF+T2 98.0 18.5 60.2 704.7 869.1
T7 125% RDF+T2 102.3 20.4 64.8 797.2 930.6
T8 150% RDF+T2 106.7 22.1 73.1 920.3 1028.8
T9 100%RDF+B(12.5kg/ha)
+FYM(7.5T/ha)
107.9 22.8 74.1 984.9 1333.7
T10100%RDF+Zn(10kg/ha)+FYM(7.5
t/ha)
101.1 22.5 73.5 1020.4 1211.1
T11 100%RDF+B(12.5kg/ha)+
Zn(10kg/ha)+FYM(7.5T/ha)
117.9 25.3 80.0 1124.2 1440.5
S. Em± 2.3 0.5 1.5 19.5 17.6
C.D.@5% 6.7 1.4 4.4 57.9 52.4
Table 17:Total N, P ,K ,Zn and uptake in sunflower as influenced different levels of nutrients
Ramulu et al.2011

31. Treatments Boron
Uptake(gm/ha)
Zinc Uptake Iron Uptake
2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001
Control 40.8 36.4 38.9 35.8 68.2 68.3
50kg FYM enriched with 1.25 kg Zn/ha 43.9 37.3 42.3 38.6 75.0 74.3
50kg FYM enriched with 2.50 kg Zn/ha 47.1 39.4 47.7 44.6 75.5 80.4
50kg FYM enriched with 5.0 kg Zn/ha 47.3 43.9 54.5 53.3 84.1 98.7
50kg FYM enriched with 2.5 kg Zn+1.5 kg
B/ha
50.2 47.8 52.8 53.2 77.9 83.1
50kg CCP enriched with 2.5 kg Zn/ha 45.7 41.5 46.1 46.4 74.6 82.1
5 kg Zn+1.5 kg B+5 kg Fe 51.7 48.0 53.9 53.9 87.0 97.4
CD NS 5.95 11.12 5.75 NS 13.0
Table 18:Effect of Zn enriched organics and multi micronutrients on B , Fe and Zn uptake by
sunflower
Chitdeshwari et al.2002

32. Conclusion
• The productivity of sunflower enhanced by alone
application of B, Zn or Fe .
• The addition of Zn, Fe and B along with organics
significantly increase the yield and nutrient uptake of
sunflower.
• Soil application of 2.0 kg boron/ha recorded the highest oil
yields.
• Soil application of Zn and Fe increase both quantitative and
qualitativity yield of sunflower.
• Highest oil content 39.93% were obtained by application of
10 kg B/ha.
• Application of 5 kg Zn+1.5Kg B+5 kg Fe increases the
uptake of nutrients.

33. “ Feed the soil rather than feeding the plant….”
Thank you