The present study explores the plant growth-promoting potential of endophytic microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of Turmeric (Curcuma longa). Turmeric is a widely cultivated spice crop known for its medicinal properties, and understanding the role of endophytes in promoting its growth can provide valuable insights for sustainable agriculture. Endophytic microorganisms were isolated from various plant tissues, including roots and shoots of turmeric plants. The isolated strains were characterized using molecular techniques, and their identity was confirmed through phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the plant growth- promoting (PGP) activities of these endophytes. The results demonstrated that the isolated endophytes exhibited diverse PGP traits, including indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) production, gibberellic acid production, ammonia production, nitrate reduction, phosphate solubilization, zinc solubilization, potassium solubilization and extracellular enzyme production (ligase, protease, and amylase). Inoculation of turmeric plants with these endophytes resulted in enhanced plant growth parameters such as shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, width of leaves, fresh weights (stem, leaf and whole plant) and biomass accumulation, compared to non-inoculated controls. Furthermore, the study investigated the impact of endophyte inoculation on turmeric's resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The endophyte-inoculated plants exhibited increased tolerance to various stress conditions, highlighting the potential of these endophytes in enhancing plant resilience. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the plant growth promoting activities of endophytic microorganisms associated with turmeric. Harnessing the potential of these endophytes could contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural practices, promoting the growth and resilience of turmeric crops. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these plant-microbe interactions and their potential applications in agriculture.

1. WELCOME

2. STUDY OF PLANT GROWTH
PROMOTING ACTIVITIES OF
ENDOPHYTES ISOLATED FROM
TURMERIC (Curcuma longa)
PRESENTED BY:
ATHUL KT
REG NO : 210021040519
BSC. BIOTECHNOLOGY, IGCAS
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
Ms. MAJIDA RAHIM
PhD SCHOLAR
CASHEW EXPORT PROMOTION
COUCIL OF INDIA (CEPCI)

3. INTRODUCTION
 The word endophyte "endon" = within "phyton" =plant
 Microorganisms, which colonize symptomless in living plant tissue without causing any
immediate, overt, negative effect on the plants.
 Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric is belongs to the ginger family,
Zingiberaceae.is a perennial herb characterized by oblong, pointed leaves and a
rhizome that grows underground .Contains curcumin, a bioactive compound known
for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer properties.

4. AIM
&
OBJECTIVE  This study investigates the growth promoting activities of
endophytic microorganisms from turmeric, focusing on their role
in enhancing plant growth and development.
 Aim of this study is to investigate the plant growth promoting
activities of endophytic microorganisms isolated from turmeric
(Curcuma longa) with the goal of understanding their potential
role in enhancing the growth and development of the host plant.

5. COLLECTION AND
PROCESSING OF
SAMPLE
ISOLATION OF
ENDOPHTIC
BACTERIA
PRELIMINARY
IDENTIFICATION
STUDY OF PLANT
GRWOTH
PROMOTING
ABILITIES
GROWTH
HORMONE
PRODUCTION
EXTRACELLULAR
ENZYME
PRODUCTION
PLANT GROWTH
STUDIES BY POT
EXPERIMENTS
METHODS
COLLECTION AND
PROCESSING OF
SAMPLE
ISOLATION OF
ENDOPHTIC
BACTERIA
PRELIMINARY
IDENTIFICATION
STUDY OF PLANT
GRWOTH
PROMOTING
ABILITIES
GROWTH
HORMONE
PRODUCTION
EXTRACELLULAR
ENZYME
PRODUCTION
PLANT GROWTH
STUDIES BY POT
EXPERIMENTS

6. METHODS IN BREIF...
 STAGE 1 : Collection and processing of sample.
 STAGE 2: Surface sterilization
Homogenization with motor and piston
Serial dilution
 STAGE 3: Colony characterization
Gram's staining
 STAGE 4: Phosphate ,Zinc & Potassium solubilizations (qualitative and quantitative analysis)
Nitrate reduction and Ammonia production
 STAGE 5: Indole acetic acid and Gibberellic acid (qualitative and quantitative analysis)
 STAGE 6: Lipase, Amylase & Protease production
 STAGE 7: Plant growth experiments by pot experiments
Weights and measurements of plant

7. RESULTS
SL
NO
:
CHARACTERISTIC
ICS
T1 T2 T3
T4
T5
1 Colony size <1mm 1-2mm 3-
4mm
3-
4mm
<1mm
2 Colony margin Entire Entire Undula
te
Filamentous Entire
3 Colony form
Circular Circular
Irregular Filamentous
Circular
4 Colony elevation Flat Raised
Raised
Flat Flat
5 Form Punctiform
Circular
Irregular Filamentous
Circular
6 Colony appearance Opaque Translucent
Opaque
e
Opaque
Translucent
7 Color of colonies colorless colorless Brown
color
Orange
color
colorless
STREAKED PLATE OF
BACTERIAL COLONIES
1.PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION

8. Countinue.........
SL
NO: ORGANISMS
GRAM +VE OR
GRAM –VE
SHAPE AND
ARRANGEMENTS OF CELLS
1 T1 Gram positive Cocci shaped; organism was observed
in short chain and grape like clusters
2 T2 Gram positive Cocci shaped; organism observed as
single not as grape like clusters
3 T3 Gram negative Rod shaped
4 T4 Gram positive Cocci shaped
5 T5 Gram positive Short rod shaped
GRAM'S STAINING

9. .
2.PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITIES
 ZINC SOLUBILIZATION POTASSIUM SOLUBILIZATION
DAY:7 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Colony diameter (mm) _ 7.5 _ 6 4
Zone diameter (mm) _ 19.5 _ 14 6
Total diameter(mm) _ 27 _ 20 10
KSI _ 3.6 _ 3.333 2.5
 NITRATE REDUCTION

10. PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZATION AMMONIA PRODUCTION

11. 3.EXTRACELLULAR CELLULAR ENZYME PRODUCTION
TABLES FIGURES
LIPASE T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4 T5
Colony diameter
(mm)
5mm 8mm 3mm 11mm _
Zone diameter
(mm)
14mm 9mm 5mm 7mm _
AMAYLASE T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4 T5
Colony diameter
(mm)
_ _ 8mm 8mm 9mm
Zone diameter
(mm)
_ _ 13mm 10mm 11mm
PROTEASE T1 T
2 T3
T4
T5
Colony diameter
(mm)
9mm 5mm
_
10mm
_
Zone diameter
(mm)
11mm 10mm
_
15mm
_

12. 4.GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTION
INDOLE ACETIC ACID PRODUCTION
INDOLE ACETIC ACID PRODUCTION

13. 5.PLANT GROWTH STUDIES BY POT EXPERIMENTS
SL NO: PARAMETE
RS
T2 T4 T5 Ctrl:
NB
Ctrl:
DW
C P S C P S C P S
1 Shoot
length(cm)
_ 5.7 11.
3
_ _ 11.
5
7.7 _ 12 7 5.6
2 No. of
leaves
_ 2 2 _ _ 2 _ _ 2 2 2
3 Leaf
length(cm)
_ 2.6 2.7 _ _ 3.3 _ _ 3.5 2.1 1.7
4 Leaf
width(cm)
_ 1.7 2 _ _ 2.3 _ _ 2.3 1.9 1.9
DAY
2
SL NO: PARAMETE
RS
T2 T4 T5 Ctrl:
NB
Ctrl:
DW
C P S C P S C P S
1 Shoot
length(cm)
_ 2.3 28 9 22.
5
21.
1
23 10.
5
22.
5
24.5 18.3
2 No. of
leaves
_ 6 5 5 5 5 5 8 5 5 5
3 Leaf
length(cm)
_ 6.2 7 2 5.5 6.5 8 3.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
4 Leaf
width(cm)
_ 3.8 3.8 2.4 3.4 3.5 4 2.4 4 2.7 3.8
DAY 12

14. 6.WEIGHTS AND MEASURMENTS
TABLES FIGURES
SL
NO: PARAMETERS T2
CULTURE PELLET SUPERNATANT
1 Whole plant weight(g) _ 2.43377 2.93634
2 Leaf weight(g) _ 1.25227 1.39734
3 Shoot weight(g) _ 1.16260 1.51091
SL
NO: PARAMETERS T4
CULTURE PELLET SUPERNATANT
1 Whole plant weight(g) 1.10784 1.49372 2.54965
2 Leaf weight(g) 0.49812 0.67351 1.31976
3 Shoot weight(g) 0.59234 0.80742 1.22060
SL
NO: PARAMETERS T5
CULTURE PELLET SUPERNATANT
1 Whole plant weight(g) 2.93218 1.28387 1.96065
2 Leaf weight(g) 1.45205 0.68341 0.98021
3 Shoot weight(g) 1.49655 0.59384 0.98675

15. DISCUSSION
 Bacterial endophytes, which colonize the interior tissues of plants, play a
crucial role in stimulating plant development.
 Studies, such as the one conducted by Santoyo et al. (2016b), indicate
similarities in the growth-promotion mechanisms between rhizospheric
bacteria and endophytic bacteria.
 Research on endophytic bacteria isolated from turmeric plants (Curcuma
longa) revealed their proficiency in promoting plant growth through various
mechanisms, including the production of extracellular enzymes and essential
nutrients.
 These findings suggest the potential of utilizing these endophytes as
biofertilizers or biocontrol agents to enhance nutrient absorption, stress
tolerance, and overall plant vigor in agriculture and environmental cleanup
techniques

16. CONCLUSION
 Reveals promising insights into the intricate relationship between plants
and their microbial inhabitants.
 Endophytes contribute to the growth and health of their host plant.
 Promotion of root development to the enhancement of nutrient uptake &
stress tolerance
 These endophytic organisms play a pivotal role in bolstering the overall
vitality and resilience of Curcuma longa.
 Their potential applications in agricultural practices for sustainable crop
production and environmental conservation.

17. FUTURE ASPECTS ….
 Sustainable Agriculture
 Climate Change Resilience
 Phytoremediation
 Enhancing Plant Properties
 Bioactive Compounds Production
 Forestry and Landscape Management:
 Legal and Ethical Development

18. THANK YOU