This document discusses the importance of green manuring and its effects on soil fertility. It provides details on different types of green manuring including in-situ and ex-situ methods. Tables from various studies show that green manuring improves soil properties like organic matter and nutrient content, and increases crop yields. The conclusion is that green manuring is an effective low-cost technique for improving soil health and fertility while also reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.

2. AN ASSIGNMENT ON
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. V. P. Usadadiya
Associate Res.Scientist
Department of SWMRU
N.M.C.A, N.A.U., Navsari.
SUBMITTED BY:
Joshi jigarkumar ratilal
M.Sc.(Agri.) 2nd Sem.
Reg no:2010114038
Department of Agronomy
N.M.C.A, N.A.U., Navsari.
Important of green manuring and their
effect on soil fertility

3. Green manuring is a practice
of ploughing or turning into
the soil unrecompensed green
plant tissues for improving
physical structure as well as
fertility soil.

4.  In-situ green manuring
In this system the short duration suitable crops are
grown in a field prior to crop cultivation and then cut and
buried in the same site when approximately 50 percent of all
plants are flowering.
Ex-situ green manuring
Green leaves and tender plant parts of the plants
are collected from shrubs and trees growing on bunds,
degraded lands or near by forest and they are incorporated
or mixed into the soil 15-30 days before sowing of the
crops depending on the tenderness of the foliage or plant
part.
Methods Of Green manuring

6. Biomass production and N
accumulation of green manure crops
Crop Age (Days) Dry matter
(t/ha)
N accumulated
(kg/ha)
Sesbania
aculeata
60 23.2 133
Sunnhemp 60 30.6 134
Cow pea 60 23.2 74
Pillipesara 60 25 102
Cluster bean 50 3.2 91
Sesbania
rostrata
50 5 96

8. S.N
o.
Plant Scientific name Nutrient contain (%) in Dry
matter
N P K
1 Dhaincha Sesbania aculeata 3.3 0.7 1.3
2 Sunhemp Crotolaria juncea 2.18 0.6 2.0
3 Sesbania Sesbania speciosa 2.7 0.5 2.2
4 Wild indigo Tephrosia purpurea 2.4 0.3 0.8
5 Pongania Pongamia glabra 3.3 0.5 2.3
6 Peltophorum Peltophorum ferrugenum 2.6 0.4 0.5
7 Neem Azadirachta indica 2.8 0.3 0.4
8 Gulmohur Delonix regia 2.7 0.45 0.5
Nutrient composition of some important green manure
crops

9. S.No. Local name Scientific name Nutrient content (%) dry wt.
basis
N P2O5 K2O
1 Tandaljo Amaranthus viridis 3.16 0.06 4.51
2 Kuvadio Cassia occidentalis 3.08 1.56 2.31
3 Chil Chenopodium album 2.59 0.37 4.34
4 Wild spider Cleome viscose 1.96 1.53 5.81
5 Crowfoot grass Dactyloctenium aegyptium 2.78 0.24 1.65
6 Arotaro Digitaria sanguinallis 2.00 3.36 3.48
7 Barnyard grass Echinochloa crusgali 2.98 0.40 2.96
8 Nunia Portulaca quadrifida 2.40 0.09 5.57
9 Yellow-berried
Nightshade
Solanam xanthocarpum 2.56 1.63 2.21
10 Satodo Trianthema portulacastrum 2.34 0.30 1.15
11 Congress grass Parthenium hysterophorus 2.66 0.88 1.29
Minneral composition of certain weeds on dry weight basis
Source: Bisen et al. (2008)

10. LEGUMES NON-LEGUMES
Green manures
Dhaincha
Sunnhemp
Kolinji
Green leaf manures
Glyricidia
Pongamia
Leucaena
Green manures
Sunflower
Buck wheat
Green leaf manures
Calotropis
Adapthoda
Thespasia
Neem
Peltaform
Classification Of Green Manuring Crops

11. It has been seen that considerable loss of
organic matter is occurring from the soil due to
high temperature, oxidation of organic matter,
high annual rainfall, high dose of inorganic
fertilizer and poor aeration.
Green manure crops play a very valuable role in
agriculture for improving soil condition and
nutrition.

12. CHARACTERSTICS OF GREEN MANURE
CROPS
 Multipurpose use
Short duration, fast growing, high nutrient
accumulation ability
High N accumulation rates
Timely release of nutrients
Photoperiod insensitivity
High seed viability and leafy.
Ease in incorporatio
Smothering effect on weeds.
Pest and disease resistant

13. Advantage
Improving soil fertility and soil structure.
Supplement for nutrients
Maintain the organic status of arable soil
Prevention of soil erosion
Increase activity of micro-organisms
Used as mulch and Weed control
Amelioration of soil problems

14. Soil Moisture
Microbial Population
Aeration
Soil Texture
Soil Temperature
Soil fertility
Composition of Green Manure
C:N Ratio of Green Manure
Fiber Content

15. Review
Of
literature

16. Table 1 :Effect of green manuring and nitrogen treatments on bulk
density (g/cc) of soil under rice and wheat
Treatments Nitrogen level At 65 DAT of rice At rice harvest At wheat harvest
Soil depth (cm)
(0-15) (15-30) (0-15) (15-30) (0-15) (15-30)
Fallow No 1.45 1.57 1.54 1.62 1.56 1.63
N 60 1.45 1.56 1.51 1.60 1.55 1.60
N 120 1.44 1.55 1.51 1.60 1.55 1.59
Mean 1.45 1.56 1.52 1.61 1.55 1.61
Sesbania
rostrata
No 1.42 1.52 1.46 1.54 1.51 1.53
N 60 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.53 1.51 1.51
N 120 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.52 1.50 1.51
Mean 1.41 1.51 1.45 1.53 1.51 1.52
Green gram
incorporatio
n
No 1.41 1.51 1.47 1.54 1.52 1.55
N 60 1.41 1.50 1.45 1.53 1.52 1.54
N 120 1.41 1.50 1.46 1.52 1.52 1.54
Mean 1.41 1.50 1.46 1.53 1.52 1.54
Sharma et al.(2003)IARI, New Delhi

17. Table 2: Maize and Wheat grain yield and nutrient uptake
affected by green manuring application
Treatments
Yield (q/ ha) N uptake(kg/ha )
Maize Wheat Maize Wheat Total
T1:Without green
manuring
32.00 26.75 56.75 41.10 97.85
T2:Green-manuring
with S. rostrata
34.60 29.93 76.38 47.29 123.67
T3:Green-manuring
with S. cannabina
34.91 30.27 78.67 48.13 126.80
CD at 5 % 2.51 1.58 3.84 2.8
Udaipur Tiwari et al. (2004)

18. Table 3 :Changes of chemical properties of post-
harvest soil as influenced by different treatments
Treatment pH OM
(%)
Total N
(%)
P
(ppm
S
(ppm)
B
(ppm)
Zn
(ppm)
K
(ppm)
control 7.48 0.65 0.03 10 36 0.13 0.88 31.2
Sesbania
aculeata
6.52 1.36 0.07 17 47 0.43 1.90 58.5
Mimosa
invisa
6.77 0.99 0.05 18 45 0.42 1.61 50.7
Vigna
radiata
7.09 0.85 0.04 19 44 0.42 1.54 48.6
F value 26.1 167 28.5 429 33.2 157 205 117
Salahin et al.
Salahin et al (2013)BARI, Bangladesh

19. Table4 :Changes of physical properties of post-harvest
soil due to different green manure treatments.
Treatment Bulk density
(g cm-3 )
Particle
density
(g cm-3 )
Porosity
(%)
Field capacity
(%)
Control 1.53 2.54 40.0 22.9
Sesbania
aculeata
1.44 2.48 42.5 24.9
Mimosa invisa 1.46 2.49 41.8 23.8
Vigna radiata 1.49 2.50 41.2 23.5
F value 0.26ns 0.01ns 0.16ns
Salahin et al. (2013)BARI, Bangladesh

20. Table 5: Grain, straw and biological yields of BINA dhan7 rice varietyas
influenced by green manure and different levels of nitrogen
Sesbania aculeata
Treatments Grain yield
(kg ha-1 )
Straw yield
(kg ha-1 )
Biological yield
(kg ha-1 )
T0 (NO GM + 100% RDN) 5115 5666 10780
T1 (GM incorporated at 40 DAS + 50% RDN) 4783 5154 9937
T2 (GM incorporated at 40 DAS + 75% RDN) 5119 6003 11520
T3 (GM incorporated at 50 DAS + 50% RDN) 5222 5938 11160
T4 (GM incorporated at 50 DAS + 75% RDN) 5752 6654 12410
T5 (GM incorporated at 60 DAS + 50% RDN) 5127 5779 10910
T6 (GM incorporated at 60 DAS + 75%RDN) 5512 6461 11970
T7 (GM incorporated at 70 DAS + 50% RDN) 4875 5641 10520
T8 (GM incorporated at 70 DAS + 75% RDN 5448 6084 11530
SEm (±) 106.94 149.72 252.53
CV% 3.78 4.52 6.10
Islam et al. 2014BAU, Mymensingh

21. Conclusion
• From the above discussion it can be concluded
that incorporation of green manuring different
treatment is a low cost and effective
technology in minimizing the investment cost of
chemical fertilizers and safeguarding the
productive capacity of the soil by improving
physical and chemical properties. The addition
of suitable green manuring crops in cropping
system can reduced the fertilizer usage to
succeeding crop and increase the nutrient
uptake and finally results in better crop growth
and yields.

22. Thank you