The research was aimed to study effect application of sea sand (SS), coconut coir (CC) and banana coir (BC) on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted at Ustic Endoaquert soil. The pot experiment was carried out using a factorial design with 3 factors. The first factor was SS consisted of three levels i.e.: 0%, 25%, and 50%. The second and third factors were CC and BC, each consisted of three levels i.e.: 0, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1. Application of SS and BC significantly increased leaf length where the highest increasing percentage was 16.47% which was achieved at 25% SS application. Their effect on leaf numbers and tiller numbers were relatively not similar pattern where leaf number only increased about 65.52% by BC application, while tiller numbers only increased about 10.77% by SS application. Furthermore, the application of CC and BC significantly increased panicle numbers to 29.53% and 29.05%, respectively compared to control. All ameliorants significantly increased panicle numbers, but the best was CC with the increasing up to 46.49% at 20 Mg ha-1 CC compared to SS or BC application. However, only coconut coir significantly increased the rice grain numbers.
Development and rainfed paddy soils potency derived from lacustrine material ...NurdinUng
Rainfed paddy soils that are derived from lacustrine and include of E4 agroclimatic zone have many unique properties and potentially for paddy and corn plantations. This sreseach was aimed to: (1) study the soil development of
rainfed paddy soils derived from lacustrine and (2) evaluate rainfed paddy soils potency for paddy and corn in Paguyaman. Soil samples were taken from three profiles according to toposequent, and they were analyzed in laboratory. Data were analyzed with descriptive-quantitative analysis. Furthermore, assessment on rainfed paddy soils potency was conducted with land suitability analysis using parametric approach. Results indicate that all pedon had evolved with B horizons structurization. However, pedon located on the summit slope was more developed and intensely weathered than those of the shoulder and foot slopes.The main pedogenesis in all pedons were through
elluviation, illuviation, lessivage, pedoturbation, and gleization processes. The main factors of pedogenesis were climate, age (time) and topography factors. Therefore, P1 pedons are classified as Ustic Endoaquerts, fine, smectitic,
isohypertermic; P2 as Vertic Endoaquepts, fine, smectitic, isohypertermic; and P3 as Vertic Epiaquepts, fine, smectitic,
isohypertermic. Based on the potentials of the land, the highest of land suitability class (LSC) of land utilization type (LUT) local paddy was highly suitable (S1), while the lowest one was not suitable with nutrient availability as the limiting factor (Nna). The highest LCS of paddy-corn LUT was marginally suitable with water availability as the limiting factor (S3wa), while the lower LSC was not suitable with nutrient availabily as the limiting factor (Nna).
Growth and yield of rice plant by the applications of river sand, coconut and...NurdinUng
The research aimed to study effect the application of river sand (RS), coconut coir (CC), and banana coir (BC) on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Ustic Endoaquert. The research was carried out in a green house using 3 × 3 × 3 factorial design. The RS factor consists of three treatment levels which were 0% RS, 25% RS, and 50% RS. Meanwhile, the CC and BC consist of three treatment levels, where each level were 0 Mg ha-1, 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1. The results showed that RS, CC and BC applications did not have significant effect on plant height. On the other hand, all ameliorant applications had significantly increase leaf length and the highest percentage increasing was in BC (13.49%). The leaf numbers and tiller numbers had relatively similar pattern, except BC that had significantly increased leaf numbers by 77.69% and amount of tiller numbers by 49.45%. Furthermore, for yield components, RS, CC and BC applications had significant increased panicle numbers by 37.76%. It was only RS and BC that increased panicle lenght and the best increasing of 26.82% on RS. Meanwhile, the BC application only increased the rice grain numbers.
Increasing rice productivity by manipulation of calcium fertilizer in ustic e...NurdinUng
National rice production needs to be improved and maintained to meet the demands of fast growing population. One of the ways to meet this demand is through cultivating the rain fed land in many areas which its physical characteristics are challenging factor. This research aims at finding out the feedback of the rice production on the calcium fertilizer following the administration of river sand, beach sand, coco peat, and banana peat in ustic endoaquert. This research is implemented in rain fed field composed of vertisol soil in Sidomukti village of Mootilango Gorontalo, Indonesia. The subjects are randomly chosen and the treatments are separately implemented in two sub-group of vertisol soil. There are five treatments that were repeated three times, thus, there are 15 pieces of trials in each sub-vertisol groups. This research reveals that the administration of K fertilizer following the administration of river sand, beach sands, coco peat, and banana trunks fiber has significant effect on the number of grain, the weight of 1000 grains and the total weight of the grains. Meanwhile, the administration of K fertilizer following the administration of beach sand, coco peat and banana peat has significantly influenced the number of stalk, the length of stalk, and the total weight of the grains.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.14
ABSTRACT- The physico-chemical properties of four lands use types in Akokwa of Ideato North, Imo State, Nigeria
were determined. The land use patterns were fallow land (FL), cassava continuously cultivated land (CL), Oil palm
plantation (OPL) and Yam plot (YL). Composite samples were collected from various depths (0 -15 cm, 15 – 30 cm,
30 – 45 cm) across these land use patterns and analyzed in the laboratory. Data generated were subjected to analysis of
variance. Results obtained showed significant difference (P≤0.05) in soil bulk density, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen
(TN), available phosphorus (Av. P) and ECEC across the four land use types. The bulk density value was highest at
30 – 45 cm depth by CL (1.93 g/cm3), followed by YL (1.89 g/cm3), OPL (1.70 g/cm3) and FL (1.68 g/cm3). The TN
content of the soil was highest in the FL at 0 – 15 cm depth (0.25%) while the lowest was found in the CL plot (0.03%).
The soil Av. P content was highest in the FL at 0 – 15 cm depth (9.63 mg/kg) while the lowest value was obtained in CL
plot (1.16 mg/kg). The values of OC at the depths of 0 – 15 cm, 15 – 30 cm and 30 – 45 cm in the FL (1.03%, 0.49%.
0.45%) were found to be significantly different (P≤0.05) from the CL (0.39%, 0.15%, 0.13%) land use type. Results
obtained showed that different land use types have varying effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The fallow
land had on the surface (0 – 15 cm) the highest content of soil chemical properties and lowest bulk density. Therefore,
farmers may periodically fallow their lands to build up organic matter, stabilize soil aggregates, improves nutrient cycles
for sustainable productivity.
Key-words- Land use, Soil chemical properties, Bulk density, Fallow land, Cassava land, Yam land, Oil palm land
Variability in the physicochemical properties of soils of different land uses form from the same lithology was studied. Soil samples were collected from surface (0 – 20 cm) and subsurface (20 – 40 cm) depths from three land use namely fallow land, continuous cultivated land and mechanic village land. The soils were air dried, sieved with 2 mm sieve and subjected to routine laboratory analysis. Results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Relationship between selected soil properties were determined using correlation analysis. Results showed that the textures of the studied soils were not affected by land use practices. Bulk density increased with increase in depth with fallow land recoding the lowest values of 0.86 g/cm3 (0.-20 cm depth) and 1.06 g/cm3 (20 – 40 cm depth). Land use types significantly (P = 0.05) affected soil chemical properties such as soil pH, soil organic carbon, total N, available P and exchangeable cations with the highest values recorded in fallow land, followed by palm plantation and the least was continuous cultivated land. There were slight variations among soil properties in the three land use types studied. Significant positive and negative correlations existed and some soil properties. Good soil management practices such as organic fertilization, zero tillage and mulching is recommended especially in continuous cultivated lands.
Impact of Land Use Systems and Parent Materials on Soil Quality Indicators in...BRNSS Publication Hub
A study on the impact of parent materials and land use on soil quality indicators in soils of Akwa Ibom State was conducted. The aim was to evaluate the impact of parent materials and land use systems on soil quality indicators. Three parent materials (coastal plain sand, sandstone/shale, and beach ridge sand) and three land use types (cultivated land, fallow land of 3–5 years, and oil palm plantation) were selected for the study. In each land use type per parent material, six composite soil samples were collected from the representative location within the three land use types using soil auger within 0–30 cm soil depth. Undisturbed core samples were also collected for bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity determinations. A total of 52 soil samples were generated for laboratory analysis. Results showed that among the parent materials, coastal plain sand soil had the highest silt + clay fraction, organic matter, total N, available P, and exchangeable K, followed by sandstone/shale while beach ridge sand soil had the least. Among the land use types, oil palm plantation had the highest silt + clay fraction, organic matter, exchangeable Ca and K, followed by fallow land while cultivated land had the least. The combination of parent material and land use indicated that cultivated, fallow and oil palm plantation of coastal plain sand soils had the highest water and nutrient holding capacity, high rooting volume, good aeration status, less erosion threat, higher exchange sites, more available nutrients for plant uptake, more biological activity, etc., followed by sandstone/shale while beach ridge sand had the least in the study area. The application of more organic and less inorganic fertilizers will improve the soil quality of the study area.
Abstract— This study was conducted in Gunugo watershed at Wolayitta zone to assess the amount of some soil chemical properties affected by traditional agroforestry practices and along different elevation gradients. The dominant agroforestry practices (homegarden, parkland and woodlot), and three elevation gradients (upper, middle and lower) were used to collect soil samples. One composite sample was taken from each sampling point from each soil depths, under three agroforestry practices and three elevation gradient with three replications to have a total of 54 soil samples at 20 x 20 m plot. Then the selected soil chemical properties among agroforestry practices and along elevation gradient was determined at p<0.05. The EC, pH and CEC of the top soil was significantly higher on homegarden than parkland and woodlot while EC, pH and total nitrogen of the sub soil were significantly higher on homegarden than parkland and woodlot. Further, only the top soil EC and CEC were significantly higher on lower elevation than upper and middle elevation and there was no significant difference in sub soil chemical parameters among elevation levels. In relation to this, most of the soil chemical properties show as the study area is being degraded. Therefore, are recommended for sustainable soil chemical property management. Hence, homegarden is suggested as a better agroforestry practice for rehabilitation of the area in a sustainable manner through enhanced accumulation of total nitrogen, good EC and CEC at all elevation gradients.
Development and rainfed paddy soils potency derived from lacustrine material ...NurdinUng
Rainfed paddy soils that are derived from lacustrine and include of E4 agroclimatic zone have many unique properties and potentially for paddy and corn plantations. This sreseach was aimed to: (1) study the soil development of
rainfed paddy soils derived from lacustrine and (2) evaluate rainfed paddy soils potency for paddy and corn in Paguyaman. Soil samples were taken from three profiles according to toposequent, and they were analyzed in laboratory. Data were analyzed with descriptive-quantitative analysis. Furthermore, assessment on rainfed paddy soils potency was conducted with land suitability analysis using parametric approach. Results indicate that all pedon had evolved with B horizons structurization. However, pedon located on the summit slope was more developed and intensely weathered than those of the shoulder and foot slopes.The main pedogenesis in all pedons were through
elluviation, illuviation, lessivage, pedoturbation, and gleization processes. The main factors of pedogenesis were climate, age (time) and topography factors. Therefore, P1 pedons are classified as Ustic Endoaquerts, fine, smectitic,
isohypertermic; P2 as Vertic Endoaquepts, fine, smectitic, isohypertermic; and P3 as Vertic Epiaquepts, fine, smectitic,
isohypertermic. Based on the potentials of the land, the highest of land suitability class (LSC) of land utilization type (LUT) local paddy was highly suitable (S1), while the lowest one was not suitable with nutrient availability as the limiting factor (Nna). The highest LCS of paddy-corn LUT was marginally suitable with water availability as the limiting factor (S3wa), while the lower LSC was not suitable with nutrient availabily as the limiting factor (Nna).
Growth and yield of rice plant by the applications of river sand, coconut and...NurdinUng
The research aimed to study effect the application of river sand (RS), coconut coir (CC), and banana coir (BC) on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Ustic Endoaquert. The research was carried out in a green house using 3 × 3 × 3 factorial design. The RS factor consists of three treatment levels which were 0% RS, 25% RS, and 50% RS. Meanwhile, the CC and BC consist of three treatment levels, where each level were 0 Mg ha-1, 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1. The results showed that RS, CC and BC applications did not have significant effect on plant height. On the other hand, all ameliorant applications had significantly increase leaf length and the highest percentage increasing was in BC (13.49%). The leaf numbers and tiller numbers had relatively similar pattern, except BC that had significantly increased leaf numbers by 77.69% and amount of tiller numbers by 49.45%. Furthermore, for yield components, RS, CC and BC applications had significant increased panicle numbers by 37.76%. It was only RS and BC that increased panicle lenght and the best increasing of 26.82% on RS. Meanwhile, the BC application only increased the rice grain numbers.
Increasing rice productivity by manipulation of calcium fertilizer in ustic e...NurdinUng
National rice production needs to be improved and maintained to meet the demands of fast growing population. One of the ways to meet this demand is through cultivating the rain fed land in many areas which its physical characteristics are challenging factor. This research aims at finding out the feedback of the rice production on the calcium fertilizer following the administration of river sand, beach sand, coco peat, and banana peat in ustic endoaquert. This research is implemented in rain fed field composed of vertisol soil in Sidomukti village of Mootilango Gorontalo, Indonesia. The subjects are randomly chosen and the treatments are separately implemented in two sub-group of vertisol soil. There are five treatments that were repeated three times, thus, there are 15 pieces of trials in each sub-vertisol groups. This research reveals that the administration of K fertilizer following the administration of river sand, beach sands, coco peat, and banana trunks fiber has significant effect on the number of grain, the weight of 1000 grains and the total weight of the grains. Meanwhile, the administration of K fertilizer following the administration of beach sand, coco peat and banana peat has significantly influenced the number of stalk, the length of stalk, and the total weight of the grains.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.14
ABSTRACT- The physico-chemical properties of four lands use types in Akokwa of Ideato North, Imo State, Nigeria
were determined. The land use patterns were fallow land (FL), cassava continuously cultivated land (CL), Oil palm
plantation (OPL) and Yam plot (YL). Composite samples were collected from various depths (0 -15 cm, 15 – 30 cm,
30 – 45 cm) across these land use patterns and analyzed in the laboratory. Data generated were subjected to analysis of
variance. Results obtained showed significant difference (P≤0.05) in soil bulk density, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen
(TN), available phosphorus (Av. P) and ECEC across the four land use types. The bulk density value was highest at
30 – 45 cm depth by CL (1.93 g/cm3), followed by YL (1.89 g/cm3), OPL (1.70 g/cm3) and FL (1.68 g/cm3). The TN
content of the soil was highest in the FL at 0 – 15 cm depth (0.25%) while the lowest was found in the CL plot (0.03%).
The soil Av. P content was highest in the FL at 0 – 15 cm depth (9.63 mg/kg) while the lowest value was obtained in CL
plot (1.16 mg/kg). The values of OC at the depths of 0 – 15 cm, 15 – 30 cm and 30 – 45 cm in the FL (1.03%, 0.49%.
0.45%) were found to be significantly different (P≤0.05) from the CL (0.39%, 0.15%, 0.13%) land use type. Results
obtained showed that different land use types have varying effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The fallow
land had on the surface (0 – 15 cm) the highest content of soil chemical properties and lowest bulk density. Therefore,
farmers may periodically fallow their lands to build up organic matter, stabilize soil aggregates, improves nutrient cycles
for sustainable productivity.
Key-words- Land use, Soil chemical properties, Bulk density, Fallow land, Cassava land, Yam land, Oil palm land
Variability in the physicochemical properties of soils of different land uses form from the same lithology was studied. Soil samples were collected from surface (0 – 20 cm) and subsurface (20 – 40 cm) depths from three land use namely fallow land, continuous cultivated land and mechanic village land. The soils were air dried, sieved with 2 mm sieve and subjected to routine laboratory analysis. Results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Relationship between selected soil properties were determined using correlation analysis. Results showed that the textures of the studied soils were not affected by land use practices. Bulk density increased with increase in depth with fallow land recoding the lowest values of 0.86 g/cm3 (0.-20 cm depth) and 1.06 g/cm3 (20 – 40 cm depth). Land use types significantly (P = 0.05) affected soil chemical properties such as soil pH, soil organic carbon, total N, available P and exchangeable cations with the highest values recorded in fallow land, followed by palm plantation and the least was continuous cultivated land. There were slight variations among soil properties in the three land use types studied. Significant positive and negative correlations existed and some soil properties. Good soil management practices such as organic fertilization, zero tillage and mulching is recommended especially in continuous cultivated lands.
Impact of Land Use Systems and Parent Materials on Soil Quality Indicators in...BRNSS Publication Hub
A study on the impact of parent materials and land use on soil quality indicators in soils of Akwa Ibom State was conducted. The aim was to evaluate the impact of parent materials and land use systems on soil quality indicators. Three parent materials (coastal plain sand, sandstone/shale, and beach ridge sand) and three land use types (cultivated land, fallow land of 3–5 years, and oil palm plantation) were selected for the study. In each land use type per parent material, six composite soil samples were collected from the representative location within the three land use types using soil auger within 0–30 cm soil depth. Undisturbed core samples were also collected for bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity determinations. A total of 52 soil samples were generated for laboratory analysis. Results showed that among the parent materials, coastal plain sand soil had the highest silt + clay fraction, organic matter, total N, available P, and exchangeable K, followed by sandstone/shale while beach ridge sand soil had the least. Among the land use types, oil palm plantation had the highest silt + clay fraction, organic matter, exchangeable Ca and K, followed by fallow land while cultivated land had the least. The combination of parent material and land use indicated that cultivated, fallow and oil palm plantation of coastal plain sand soils had the highest water and nutrient holding capacity, high rooting volume, good aeration status, less erosion threat, higher exchange sites, more available nutrients for plant uptake, more biological activity, etc., followed by sandstone/shale while beach ridge sand had the least in the study area. The application of more organic and less inorganic fertilizers will improve the soil quality of the study area.
Abstract— This study was conducted in Gunugo watershed at Wolayitta zone to assess the amount of some soil chemical properties affected by traditional agroforestry practices and along different elevation gradients. The dominant agroforestry practices (homegarden, parkland and woodlot), and three elevation gradients (upper, middle and lower) were used to collect soil samples. One composite sample was taken from each sampling point from each soil depths, under three agroforestry practices and three elevation gradient with three replications to have a total of 54 soil samples at 20 x 20 m plot. Then the selected soil chemical properties among agroforestry practices and along elevation gradient was determined at p<0.05. The EC, pH and CEC of the top soil was significantly higher on homegarden than parkland and woodlot while EC, pH and total nitrogen of the sub soil were significantly higher on homegarden than parkland and woodlot. Further, only the top soil EC and CEC were significantly higher on lower elevation than upper and middle elevation and there was no significant difference in sub soil chemical parameters among elevation levels. In relation to this, most of the soil chemical properties show as the study area is being degraded. Therefore, are recommended for sustainable soil chemical property management. Hence, homegarden is suggested as a better agroforestry practice for rehabilitation of the area in a sustainable manner through enhanced accumulation of total nitrogen, good EC and CEC at all elevation gradients.
Investigation of Soil Status in Degraded Soils from Tantalum Mining in Gatumb...Premier Publishers
Different soil properties from Gatumba Mining Area were assessed to characterize them and contribute in setting up practices for soil restoration. The present study was conducted to assess the soil status in degraded soils from tantalum mining in Gatumba. Nine soil profiles which were prepared in 2009 during dry season were sharpened and soils from all visible horizons were sampled. Soil analysis was performed in the soil laboratory at National University of Rwanda. Results showed that the active soil pH was lower in technosol developed on schist (4.8) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite dump (5.61) and ranged from slightly acid (5.61) to acidic (4.73). Acid saturation was lower in strongly disturbed fluvisol (3.4%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (10.78%) while base saturation was lower in cambic-fluvisol (37.5%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (89.3%). However, a significant difference (p=0.012) only observed in base saturation between soil profiles. In general, soils affected by mining had low base saturation and higher acid saturation than unaffected. Therefore, recommendation of more soluble amendment such as lime and dolomite would improve the soil pH and provide macronutrients like Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production system that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while conserving the environment.
It is based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention, and crop rotations, has been proposed as an alternative system combining benefits for the farmer with advantages for the society.
Conservation Agriculture remains an important technology that improves soil processes, controls soil erosion and reduces production cost.
ABSTRACT- Composite soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of Gmelina arborea, Elaeis guineensis and Hevea brasiliensis plantations as well as the Rain Forest of over 20 years of age in Akampa L.G.A. at depths of 0-15 cm (surface soil) and 15-30 cm (sub surface soil), to examine the effects of land use and management practices on some physical, chemical and microbial properties of the soils. The soils were mainly sandy loam, strongly acid in reaction and generally low in available P, exchangeable Ca2+, K+ and Na+, but moderate in Mg2+ except for the surface soil in Elaeis guineensis plantation which was however, high in organic C (4.29 %), total N (0.37 %) and Mg (3.9 cmol kg-1). The soils regardless of the land use patterns were high in exchangeable acidity with Elaeis guineensis having the least values. Diverse species of microorganisms were isolated across the different plantations and rain forest, however, Elaeis guineensis recorded the highest microbial count. Land use altered the microbial population and also had an effect on the species composition of soil microbial communities. Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp and Mucor spp as well as Aspergillus niger were however, common across the study sites while other organisms were location specific suggesting vegetation and land use meddling. The effects of land use pattern were noted in the chemical and microbial alteration observed mostly in the top of rhizosphere soils. It is pertinent that good management practices such as liming, mulching as well as cover cropping be carried out to increase and maintain the fertility of the soils.
Key-words- Land use, Physicochemical and Microbial properties, Rain Forest, Rhizosphere
Improving Fruit Quality and Nutritional Value of Deglet Nour dates subjected ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
A field study was carried out during the two consecutive years (2015-2016) in the region of Biskra, southern east of Algeria on date palms of Deglet-Nour variety, grown in a salty environment. To study the combined effect of salinity and phospho-potassium fertilization on the quality and nutritional value of dates, two sites of different salinity, occupied by 54 date palms variety Deglet-Nour has been selected. The palms were fertilized by receiving three doses of potassium (0, 2 and 3 kg / palm) as potassium sulphate K 2 SO 4 (50%) combined with three levels of phosphorus (0, 1 and 2 kg / palm) as superphosphate (TSP 46%). The results revealed that applying 2 kg of potassium/palm in an excessively salty environment and 3 kg/palm in a low or unsalted environment associated to 1 kg of phosphorus in the two different cases of salinity of the two sites S1 and S2 improving the fruit traits.
Soil - Plant Nutrient Correlation Analysis of Maize Varieties at the Guinea S...IJEABJ
Field trials were conducted during the rainy season of 2008 and 2009 at the Institute for Agricultural Research farm in Samaru (110 11’ N, 70 38’E) within the northern Guinea savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to evaluate correlation relationships among soil, yield and yield quality of maize varieties. The objectives of the study are to correlate among soil, grain yield and grain composition. The treatments consisted of four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150kgNha-1), two rates of micronutrients (0, cocktail mixtures) Cu, Fe, Zn, B and Mo and four maize varieties SAMMAZ 14, SUSUMA (QPM), SAMMAZ 11 and SAMMAZ 12 (normal maize) which gave a total of thirty-two (32) treatments. There was basal application of 60kgha-1P and 60kgha-1K. These treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications with a total of 96 plots respectively. The fertilizer treatments were factorially combined. Significant correlations were obtained between grain parameters and other yield parameters such as Stover (r= 0.669, P < 0.05); 1000grain weight (r= 0.617, P < 0.05); crude proteins (r= 0.364, P< 0.05) and total nitrogen in grain (r =0.993, P < 0.05). Grain yield also increased as soil pH (r =0.26, P < 0.01); TN (r =0.19, P < 0.01); Calcium (r =0.17, P <0.05); Zn (r =0.24, P < 0.01); Cu (r =0.31, P < 0.01) and B (r =0.49, P <0.05) increased while it decreased as crude protein (-0.39, P<0.05) of the grain decreased.
The effect of dolomite and silicon application on Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Situ...Open Access Research Paper
The research was aimed to obtain the role of dolomite and silicon on the performance of rice cv. Situ Bagendit. A 3×3 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design was used throughout the study. The first factor consisted of three levels of dolomite, Do-0 = no added-dolomite; Do-2 = 200 and Do-4 = 4 tons dolomite/ha. The second factor was three silicon levels, Si-0 = no added-silicon; Si-100 = 100 and S-200 = 200kg silicon/ha. The experiment was conducted at the experimental land of Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia from October 2018 to February 2019. It was located at 6o50′-7o10′ South and 109o35′-110o50’ East. Parameters observed were number of tillers and panicles, dry weight of shoots, roots and grains, N-shoot and N-root and the 1,000-grain weight. The obtained data were statistically processed using analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test for multiple comparison among treatment. There was no significant effect due to the treatment of all observed parameters. It may be concluded that the application of up to 4 tons of dolomite/ha and 200kg of silicon/ha was not enough to improve soil quality so it has no effect on rice growth and yield. Therefore it was not recommended to apply to the cultivation of rice cv. Situ Bagendit. Further research needs to be carried out by increasing the dose of dolomite and silicon to obtain the optimum dose for the cultivation rice cv. Situ Bagendit.
Ameliorative potential of rice hull and straw in the ecological restoration o...Open Access Research Paper
Rice hull and straw are renewable wastes contain 28-30% of inorganic and 70-72% of organic compounds. Its ameliorative potential in enhancing the physicochemical properties of mine degraded soils was investigated. Soils collected from Backfill Material/Overburden (BM) and desilted materials (DM) from settling ponds of Carrascal Nickel Corporation (CNC) were used following six treatments. BM and DM from settling ponds were treated with rice hull and rice straw with 2:1 ratio by weight, respectively. After ameliorating soils from overburden and silted materials from CNC with rice straw and rice hull, observations showed that there are no significant differences in pH, % Organic Matter (OM) and phosphorous (P) between treatments; there is high significant difference (p<0.01) in potassium (K) between treatments except between treatment 3 (soil 1 with rice straw) and treatment 6 (soil 2 with rice hull) where there is no significant difference noted; and the concentrations of Ca, Mg, S and Zn in soils with rice hull did not differ with soils before amelioration, but differed to soils with rice straw, while results in soil texture exhibited otherwise. Therefore, rice straw and rice hull have ameliorative properties that will improve the physico-chemical characteristics of mine degraded soils. It is recommended that rice straw and rice hull will be allowed to decompose in mine degraded soils to enhance its physico-chemical properties. It is also recommended to conduct studies on the response of different crops to mine degrade soils ameliorated with rice straw and rice hull.
Investigation of Soil Status in Degraded Soils from Tantalum Mining in Gatumb...Premier Publishers
Different soil properties from Gatumba Mining Area were assessed to characterize them and contribute in setting up practices for soil restoration. The present study was conducted to assess the soil status in degraded soils from tantalum mining in Gatumba. Nine soil profiles which were prepared in 2009 during dry season were sharpened and soils from all visible horizons were sampled. Soil analysis was performed in the soil laboratory at National University of Rwanda. Results showed that the active soil pH was lower in technosol developed on schist (4.8) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite dump (5.61) and ranged from slightly acid (5.61) to acidic (4.73). Acid saturation was lower in strongly disturbed fluvisol (3.4%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (10.78%) while base saturation was lower in cambic-fluvisol (37.5%) and higher in technosol composed by pegmatite (89.3%). However, a significant difference (p=0.012) only observed in base saturation between soil profiles. In general, soils affected by mining had low base saturation and higher acid saturation than unaffected. Therefore, recommendation of more soluble amendment such as lime and dolomite would improve the soil pH and provide macronutrients like Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production system that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while conserving the environment.
It is based on minimum tillage, crop residue retention, and crop rotations, has been proposed as an alternative system combining benefits for the farmer with advantages for the society.
Conservation Agriculture remains an important technology that improves soil processes, controls soil erosion and reduces production cost.
ABSTRACT- Composite soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of Gmelina arborea, Elaeis guineensis and Hevea brasiliensis plantations as well as the Rain Forest of over 20 years of age in Akampa L.G.A. at depths of 0-15 cm (surface soil) and 15-30 cm (sub surface soil), to examine the effects of land use and management practices on some physical, chemical and microbial properties of the soils. The soils were mainly sandy loam, strongly acid in reaction and generally low in available P, exchangeable Ca2+, K+ and Na+, but moderate in Mg2+ except for the surface soil in Elaeis guineensis plantation which was however, high in organic C (4.29 %), total N (0.37 %) and Mg (3.9 cmol kg-1). The soils regardless of the land use patterns were high in exchangeable acidity with Elaeis guineensis having the least values. Diverse species of microorganisms were isolated across the different plantations and rain forest, however, Elaeis guineensis recorded the highest microbial count. Land use altered the microbial population and also had an effect on the species composition of soil microbial communities. Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp and Mucor spp as well as Aspergillus niger were however, common across the study sites while other organisms were location specific suggesting vegetation and land use meddling. The effects of land use pattern were noted in the chemical and microbial alteration observed mostly in the top of rhizosphere soils. It is pertinent that good management practices such as liming, mulching as well as cover cropping be carried out to increase and maintain the fertility of the soils.
Key-words- Land use, Physicochemical and Microbial properties, Rain Forest, Rhizosphere
Improving Fruit Quality and Nutritional Value of Deglet Nour dates subjected ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
A field study was carried out during the two consecutive years (2015-2016) in the region of Biskra, southern east of Algeria on date palms of Deglet-Nour variety, grown in a salty environment. To study the combined effect of salinity and phospho-potassium fertilization on the quality and nutritional value of dates, two sites of different salinity, occupied by 54 date palms variety Deglet-Nour has been selected. The palms were fertilized by receiving three doses of potassium (0, 2 and 3 kg / palm) as potassium sulphate K 2 SO 4 (50%) combined with three levels of phosphorus (0, 1 and 2 kg / palm) as superphosphate (TSP 46%). The results revealed that applying 2 kg of potassium/palm in an excessively salty environment and 3 kg/palm in a low or unsalted environment associated to 1 kg of phosphorus in the two different cases of salinity of the two sites S1 and S2 improving the fruit traits.
Soil - Plant Nutrient Correlation Analysis of Maize Varieties at the Guinea S...IJEABJ
Field trials were conducted during the rainy season of 2008 and 2009 at the Institute for Agricultural Research farm in Samaru (110 11’ N, 70 38’E) within the northern Guinea savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to evaluate correlation relationships among soil, yield and yield quality of maize varieties. The objectives of the study are to correlate among soil, grain yield and grain composition. The treatments consisted of four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150kgNha-1), two rates of micronutrients (0, cocktail mixtures) Cu, Fe, Zn, B and Mo and four maize varieties SAMMAZ 14, SUSUMA (QPM), SAMMAZ 11 and SAMMAZ 12 (normal maize) which gave a total of thirty-two (32) treatments. There was basal application of 60kgha-1P and 60kgha-1K. These treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications with a total of 96 plots respectively. The fertilizer treatments were factorially combined. Significant correlations were obtained between grain parameters and other yield parameters such as Stover (r= 0.669, P < 0.05); 1000grain weight (r= 0.617, P < 0.05); crude proteins (r= 0.364, P< 0.05) and total nitrogen in grain (r =0.993, P < 0.05). Grain yield also increased as soil pH (r =0.26, P < 0.01); TN (r =0.19, P < 0.01); Calcium (r =0.17, P <0.05); Zn (r =0.24, P < 0.01); Cu (r =0.31, P < 0.01) and B (r =0.49, P <0.05) increased while it decreased as crude protein (-0.39, P<0.05) of the grain decreased.
The effect of dolomite and silicon application on Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Situ...Open Access Research Paper
The research was aimed to obtain the role of dolomite and silicon on the performance of rice cv. Situ Bagendit. A 3×3 factorial experiment with a completely randomized design was used throughout the study. The first factor consisted of three levels of dolomite, Do-0 = no added-dolomite; Do-2 = 200 and Do-4 = 4 tons dolomite/ha. The second factor was three silicon levels, Si-0 = no added-silicon; Si-100 = 100 and S-200 = 200kg silicon/ha. The experiment was conducted at the experimental land of Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia from October 2018 to February 2019. It was located at 6o50′-7o10′ South and 109o35′-110o50’ East. Parameters observed were number of tillers and panicles, dry weight of shoots, roots and grains, N-shoot and N-root and the 1,000-grain weight. The obtained data were statistically processed using analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test for multiple comparison among treatment. There was no significant effect due to the treatment of all observed parameters. It may be concluded that the application of up to 4 tons of dolomite/ha and 200kg of silicon/ha was not enough to improve soil quality so it has no effect on rice growth and yield. Therefore it was not recommended to apply to the cultivation of rice cv. Situ Bagendit. Further research needs to be carried out by increasing the dose of dolomite and silicon to obtain the optimum dose for the cultivation rice cv. Situ Bagendit.
Ameliorative potential of rice hull and straw in the ecological restoration o...Open Access Research Paper
Rice hull and straw are renewable wastes contain 28-30% of inorganic and 70-72% of organic compounds. Its ameliorative potential in enhancing the physicochemical properties of mine degraded soils was investigated. Soils collected from Backfill Material/Overburden (BM) and desilted materials (DM) from settling ponds of Carrascal Nickel Corporation (CNC) were used following six treatments. BM and DM from settling ponds were treated with rice hull and rice straw with 2:1 ratio by weight, respectively. After ameliorating soils from overburden and silted materials from CNC with rice straw and rice hull, observations showed that there are no significant differences in pH, % Organic Matter (OM) and phosphorous (P) between treatments; there is high significant difference (p<0.01) in potassium (K) between treatments except between treatment 3 (soil 1 with rice straw) and treatment 6 (soil 2 with rice hull) where there is no significant difference noted; and the concentrations of Ca, Mg, S and Zn in soils with rice hull did not differ with soils before amelioration, but differed to soils with rice straw, while results in soil texture exhibited otherwise. Therefore, rice straw and rice hull have ameliorative properties that will improve the physico-chemical characteristics of mine degraded soils. It is recommended that rice straw and rice hull will be allowed to decompose in mine degraded soils to enhance its physico-chemical properties. It is also recommended to conduct studies on the response of different crops to mine degrade soils ameliorated with rice straw and rice hull.
Utilization of Marginal Soils with Application of Phosphorus and Ethephon for...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Abundance of marginal soils is among the major constraint to achieve high yield for crop production due to unsuitable physical and chemical properties of the soils. Commonly, farmers would manage the marginal soil by adding soil amendment, compost and fertilizer which increase the cost of production. Alternatively, application of fertilizer together with plant growth regulator (PGR) during crop management can be practiced to utilize the marginal soil effectively. The aim of this experiment was to determine effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and PGR namely ethephon on growth performance of sweet corn grown in three marginal soils namely Rasau, Kuah and Dampar. The treatments were arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with four rates of P fertilizer and standard rate of ethephon replicated four times. The results indicated that the physical properties of the marginal soils vary which Rasau dan Kuah series have low content of silt (10.30% and 36.10%), respectively and clay (9.40% and 11.86%) while Dampar series has low sand content (21%). Consequently, Dampar series depicted highest soil moisture content (18.80%) compared to Rasau and Kuah with high content of silt and clay at 42.43% and 36.43%, respectively. At tasseling stage, where application of P fertilizer with combination of ethephon at 0 and 15 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 there were significant difference between soil series on root length, total biomass wet and dry weight but exception for total biomass dry weight at 0 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1. Moreover, at 45 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 there were significant difference among soil series on leaf number and total biomass dry weight whereas at highest P rate of 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 only root length and root volume were affected. Most of the results were observed highest on Rasau soil series which contain highest sand particle instead of silt and clay compared to Kuah and Dampar series. However, the addition of ethephon and several P rates did not affect plant height among soil series. The results suggest that, the marginal soil can be utilized for sweet corn production by addition of combined P fertilizer at low rate and PGR.
Effect of organic and inorganic amendments for enhancing health of ravinous s...Harihar8
The experiment will be conducted in earthen pots ( medium size ) and the amendments will be applied to each pot as per treatment there will be 12 treatment in three replications and there will be 36 pots in all. The soil of ravines will be filled ( 7.5 kg ) will be incubated at field moisture content for one month to complete the soil reaction / decomposition. After one month the seeds (10) of testing crop (oat) will be placed and after harvest of the crop soil will be analyzed for different physio-chemical properties.
Soil Organic Carbon as observed in lowlands of Continuous Rice Cropping in Gu...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Advocated organic matter (OM) supplying to agriculture soil should be according to the soil properties, resulting different rates requirement instead of applying blank recommendation (12 tha-1 ). Two lowlands under continuous rice-rice cropping in the centre of Côte d’Ivoire were surveyed in 2013 considering 31 rice fields (farmers) for each location. Soil samples (93) were taken in 0 – 20 cm depth systematically (50 m along × 20 m across) extending the hydromorphic zone (HZ), the fringe valley (FV) and the valley bottom (VB) along the upper stream (US), median (MS) and downstream (DS) positions respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was differently observed in association with clay or silt particles according the topographic positions. Lowest amounts of SOC, maximum stable C (31.02% – 31.66%) and highest C mineralization (2.72% – 2.97%) rate (K2) were often accounting for the HZ contrasting with the VB. Unexpected higher rates of 224 tha-1 , 269.4 tha-1 and 281.03 tha-1 as rice and weed residues were required across the transversal section of the valley respectively over the current recommendation of 12 tha-1 . Dissolved C and leached nutrients (Na, K, Mg and Ca) may be released from HZ to VB contributing to rice yield gap (4.5 – 6.44 th-1 ). Soil contents of clay and K were the most relevant yield increasing factors against the contents of sand, silt and K2 value. More enriched organic-C source was required for improving organic input in the studied agro-systems emphasizing a major constraint for lowland rice production.
Soil fertility analysis for rice production in the lowland areas of Diplahan,...Open Access Research Paper
The most important practice that contributes to rice production is nutrient management. However, if the nutrient plant required is insufficient, low production is unavoidable. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the soil fertility status of lowland areas in the municipality of Diplahan. Soil samples from each sampling site were collected in rice farms using a composite random soil sampling moving in a zigzag pattern. A depth of 0- 15cm soil samples were collected from 15 – 30 different places in 1-5 hectares. An air-drying procedure was done before it was carried to the laboratory for final testing. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic carbon, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium following the BSWM (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) procedures. Furthermore, a soil fertility map was outlined through ArcGIS software by plotting local coordinates in Google Map. Results showed that the areas in 10 selected barangays in the municipality have moderate soil acidity, with a pH level that falls below the desirable range of 5.5 – 7.0 but no lower than 4.5. According to the results of the soil organic carbon analysis, all barangays have insufficient SOC. Only four barangays have the optimal soil organic matter content for lowland rice production. The study also revealed that only two (2) barangays receive an adequate amount of nitrogen, while the rest are considered deficient. Phosphorous-rich soils were found in two (2) barangays; the five (5) barangays have a medium content; and the remaining three (3) barangays have a low content. Lastly, no barangay in the municipality obtains an adequate amount of exchangeable potassium ranging from 82-246 ppm. Problem of insufficient nutrient requirements for rice crop production is widespread in the municipality.
Effect of Soil Salinity on Growth of Millet in Lysimeter Experimentiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
A Study on Utilization of Admixtures for the Stabilization of Swelling Soils ...ijtsrd
Rapid urbanization along with the development of large scale industries has created numerous environmental problems. With the reduction of buildable ground, the construction sector has to move to areas with claysoil for expansion, which require soil stabilization. Any construction work over subgrade clay soil is expensive since treatment with various admixtures is required. Civil engineers, structural engineers, architects, and builders have tried many ways to avoid the damaging effects of expansive soils. This study shows that admixtures help reduce the costs of construction on expansive soil as well as the disposal of industrial wastes. Technological advances have made it possible to introduce new technologies in civil engineering for instance, geosynthetics are embedded in the soil to reduce the height of replacement soil. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the methodologies for improving the geotechnical properties of clay soil. Three different types of soils were collected from Bhopal M.P. . Based on their physical chemical parameters, these were classified as Low Compressibility of soil CL , Medium Compresibility of soil CI , and High Compressibility of soil CH according to IS standards, respectively. The different admixtures QD, MP, and FA, which are abundantly available in quarries and thermal industries, were collected and their physical and engineering properties were determined. Three soil samples were mixed with the admixtures at different ratios and their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined. The trials were conducted with the addition of admixtures ranging from 10 to 40 by weight to Soil 1, Soil2, and Soil 3, and the dry density was obtained. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 1 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 1 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 2 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 2 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 3 QD 80 20 is higher than that of Soil 3 with other admixtures of different ratios. Regarding the Optimum Moisture Content OMC , the variations in OMC for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3 are 21 , 24 , and 26 , respectively. Soil 3 has greater OMC to achieve the corresponding Maximum dry density MDD . Water was adsorbed on clay minerals based on the percentage of clay content. Since Soil 3 has higher clay content, the OMC was higher to attain the MDD. From the test results, the best soil and admixture with the best ratio was identified. The best admixture QD was mixed with soil samples, but the proportion was reduced. Then, experiments were carried out by introducing single and double layer geogrid. The swell behaviour of soil, the time settlement, swell pressure, load settlement, and California bearing ratio CBR of the soil with QD at the best reduced ratio were analyzed. The swelling values controlled by th
A Study on Utilization of Admixtures for the Stabilization of Swelling Soilsijtsrd
Rapid urbanization along with the development of large scale industries has created numerous environmental problems. With the reduction of buildable ground, the construction sector has to move to areas with clay soil for expansion, which require soil stabilization. Any construction work over subgrade clay soil is expensive since treatment with various admixtures is required. Civil engineers, structural engineers, architects, and builders have tried many ways to avoid the damaging effects of expansive soils. This study shows that admixtures help reduce the costs of construction on expansive soil as well as the disposal of industrial wastes. Technological advances have made it possible to introduce new technologies in civil engineering for instance, geosynthetics are embedded in the soil to reduce the height of replacement soil. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the methodologies for improving the geotechnical properties of clay soil. Three different types of soils were collected from Bhopal M.P. . Based on their physical chemical parameters, these were classified as Low Compressibility of soil CL , Medium Compresibility of soil CI , and High Compressibility of soil CH according to IS standards, respectively. The different admixtures QD, MP, and FA, which are abundantly available in quarries and thermal industries, were collected and their physical and engineering properties were determined. Three soil samples were mixed with the admixtures at different ratios and their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined. The trials were conducted with the addition of admixtures ranging from 10 to 40 by weight to Soil 1, Soil2, and Soil 3, and the dry density was obtained. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 1 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 1 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 2 QD 70 30 is higher than that of Soil 2 with other admixtures of different ratios. The experimental results showed that the dry strength of Soil 3 QD 80 20 is higher than that of Soil 3 with other admixtures of different ratios. Regarding the Optimum Moisture Content OMC , the variations in OMC for Soil 1, Soil 2, and Soil 3 are 21 , 24 , and 26 , respectively. Soil 3 has greater OMC to achieve the corresponding Maximum dry density MDD . Water was adsorbed on clay minerals based on the percentage of clay content. Since Soil 3 has higher clay content, the OMC was higher to attain the MDD. From the test results, the best soil and admixture with the best ratio was identified. The best admixture QD was mixed with soil samples, but the proportion was reduced. Then, experiments were carried out by introducing single and double layer geogrid. The swell behaviour of soil, the time settlement, swell pressure, load settlement, and California bearing ratio CBR of the soil with QD at the best reduced ratio were analyzed. The swelling values controlled by t
Study Of Strenth Charataristic Of Black Cotton Stablizing With Fly Ash And Ri...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Study Of Strenth Charataristic Of Black Cotton Stablizing With Fly Ash And Ri...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Effects of Irrigation Practices on Some Soil Chemical Properties on OMI Irrig...IJERA Editor
Irrigation practices have been observed to impact scheme soil properties and other parameters negatively. These could be as a result of irrigation water quality, method of application and nature of scheme soil. This study was therefore conducted to study the effects of irrigation practices on the soils of Omi irrigation scheme Kogi state, Nigeria after 13years of operation. Soil samples were taken at depths 0 – 20 cm (A1), 20 – 80 cm (A2) and 80 – 120 cm (A3) from two operating lands (OL); OL 5 and OL 18 of the study area. The samples were analysed for chemical parameters (pH, CEC, ESP, Mg2+, Ca2+, OM, and OC). The soil pH which was in the neutral range (pH=6.65 to 7.00) at inception of scheme, has become slightly acidic (pH=6.53 to 6.60). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) levels have also increased from 10cmol+kg-1 to 35cmol+kg-1. While Organic matter (OM) and Organic carbon (OC) also have marked increase in their levels (baseline as 0.93 to 1.08; for year 2013 as 9.52 to 9.79). Generally, the analysis indicated a need for proper monitoring of the scheme soil to prevent further deterioration.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Similar to Effect application of sea sand, coconut and banana coir on the growth and yield of rice planted at ustic endoaquert soil (20)
Peningkatan kualitas pupuk organik produksi pokta rukun sejahtera desa bualo ...NurdinUng
Provision of organic fertilizers was done as an alternative to reduce dependence on inorganic fertilizers, even though they were substantive in nature. Apart from being one of the solutions to the scarcity of subsidized fertilizers, it was also an effort to increase agricultural production, as well as protect the plant environment from pollution and maintain soil fertility. The production of organic fertilizers from local agricultural waste has been proven and successfully carried out by farmer groups based on visual criteria that are fine-textured, black in color and smell of soil. Testing of the nutritional content of organic fertilizers has been carried out and the results prove that the minimum technical requirements for solid organic fertilizers have been met, so that larger scale production can be carried out by farmer groups. To follow up on this activity, suggestions that need to be made include: (a) the potential for agricultural waste from sugarcane and oil palm plantations that has not been used in the manufacture of organic fertilizers can be used as raw material, so that it will enrich the nutritional content and the novelty of this organic fertilizer; (b) the need for licensing for the production of organic fertilizer for farmer groups requires assistance from the instant dan associated with these authority dan regulation; and (c) the need for good and attractive packaging, so that it will market-oriented.
Pemanfaatan lahan kosong dan pekarangan melalui pemberdayaan petani horikultu...NurdinUng
Desa Huntu Barat merupakan suatu kawasan yang secara geografis terletak berdekatan dengan Kota Gorontalo dan pusat ibukota Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo, Kota Gorontalo dan pusat ibukota Kabupaten Bone Bolango telah ditetapkan sebagai zona merah dan zona kuning penyebaran wabah Covid-19 sehingga hal tersebut berimbas terhadap tingginya resiko penyebaran Wabah Covid-19 di Desa Huntu Barat. Di sini yang lain, Desa Huntu Barat memiliki potensi pengembangan komoditas hortikultura sebesar 78,62% (BPS Kabupaten Bone Bolango, 2020) yang harus dioptimalkan agar tetap dapat menjadii sumber ketahanan pangan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petani dalam pemanfaatan lahan kosong dan pekarangan rumah untuk pengembangan hortikultura di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode pengabdian masyarakat yang digunakan adalah pemberdayaan petani dan ibu PKK melalui perencanaan pengembangan komoditas, pendampingan pemanfaatan lahan kosong, pembuatan sarana dan prasarana budidaya tanaman di pekarangan rumah, sekaligus sosialisasi dan penerapan protokol kesehatan Covid-19. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program KKN Covid-19 di Desa Huntu Barat melalui kegiatan pemanfaatan lahan kosong dan pekarangan rumah tangga telah menghasilkan perencanaan pengembangan komoditas hortikultura, memanfaatkan lahan kosong untuk budidaya tanaman hortikultura, menghasilkan sarana dan prasarana budidaya hortikultura di pekarangan rumah, serta telah berhasil mensosialisasikan dan menerapkan protokol kesehatan Covid-19. Sebagai tindak lanjut dari kegiatan ini, maka disarankan perlunya pendampingan terus menerus kepada kelompok tani hortikultura dan ibu PKK baik oleh penyuluh pertanian maupun perguruan tinggi agar pengembangan komoditas hortikultura dapat berjalan secara berkelanjutan, perlu adanya ajang kompetisi dalam pembuatan gazebo dan diberikan reward agar motivasi warga dalam memanfaatkan pekarangan semakin meningkat, dan perlunya pendampingan penerapan protokol kesehatan di masa Pandemi Covid-19 sampai pada skala rumah tangga.
Prosiding seminar nasional pekan pertanianNurdinUng
Rice crops require sufficient amount of water for their development, but water is often a limiting factor if it is grown on dry Vertisol soils. The study aimed to determine the monthly water availability and water available of soil profiles for paddy on Endoaquert Ustic of Paguyaman. The research was conducted on 2 pedon of Vertisol soil profiles, which were pedon from Sidomukti Village of Mootilango District of Gorontalo Regency and from Sosial Village of Paguyaman District of Boalemo Regency. The soil profile was constructed and sampled according to soil survey principles. Climate data were collected from the Sidodadi and Molombulahe climate stations, including: rainfall data (mm), temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and wind speed (km hour-1). Soil data used, including: soil water content of field capacity (pF = 2.5) and permanent wilting point (pF = 4.2) and root depth on 30 cm (rice roots). Monthly water availability analysis was using water balance method followed by water balance of soil profiles. The results showed that monthly water availability of Vertisol from Sidomukti Village was higher than Vertisol from Social Village. Water available of Vertisol soil profile from Sidomukti Village more by 41.09% compared to Vertisol from Social Village.
This study aims to determine the soil mineralogy and soil chemical properties at two rainfed soil pedons in Sidomukti, Gorontalo. This study was conducted at 2 pedon of rainfed paddy soils from Sidomukti Village Mootilango District of Gorontalo Regency. Implementation of the field based on the location of the example profile (pedon). The soil profile is made and sampled in accordance with the principles of soil surveying. Result of this research showed that Pedon PNS1 had easily weathered minerals (albite, sanidin and green hornblende) more than pedon PNS2. While the clay mineral content of pedon PNS1 dominated by smectite and kaolinite. Both pedon generally pH slightly acid to slightly alkaline and negatively charged clean, C-organic content is very low, bases-dd predominantly calcium (Ca-dd) with the sequence: Ca> Mg> K> Na, cation exchange capacity and base saturation dominant high and very high. However, the pedon PNS1 was better than pedon PNS2 of soil fertility.
Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada (lactuca sativa l.) dengan interval pemb...NurdinUng
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable that has high economic value and beneficial for health but in its
cultivation, there are still obstacles, especially related to the plant water needs and dosage of fertilizer. This study
aims to examine the growth and yield of lettuce and the interaction between water and fertilizer application time
intervals in Tilote Village, Gorontalo District. This research was carried out in an acclimatization room using a
randomized block design with two factors, namely the water supply interval factor (interval 2 days-A1, interval 3
days-A2) and the second factor fertilizer dosage (50 kg ha-P1, 100 kg/ha-P2). Growth parameter data (plant height,
number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width) as well as plant yield (wet weight, leaf weight and percentage of leaf
weight to base weight) were analyzed by ANOVA and further tested with the DMRT test at 50% level. The results
showed that the water supply interval and the dosage of fertilizer has significantly affect to growth and yield of
lettuce. There were an interaction between the water supply interval and the dose of fertilizer that affects the growth
and yields of lettuce with the best combination were interval of 2 days and fertilizer dosage of 100 kg/ha.
Peningkatan populasi ternak sapi dan pengetahuan petani dalam pembuatan pupuk...NurdinUng
Peningkatan populasi ternak sapi dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan Inseminasi Buatan (IB) yang diharapkan juga dapat meningkatkan hasil kotoran ternak (feases) sebagai sumber bahan baku pupuk organik. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk: (1) meningkatkan populasi ternak sapi sebagai penghasil bahan baku pupuk organik, dan (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan Kelompok Tani Sumber Rezeki dalam pembuatan pupuk organik. Kegiatan ini dimulai bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2019 di Desa Bualo Kecamatan Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari: (1) Kegiatan IB terhadap sapi induk yang sehat dan siap (masa birahi) oleh inseminator., dan (2) Pembuatan pupuk organik yang dilakukan melalui kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan. Sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan, dilakukan tes tingkat pengetahuan tentang pupuk organik kepada 25 orang peserta pelatihan yang dianalisis menggunakan Skala Likert. Bahan pembuatan pupuk organik meliputi: limbah jagung, bungkil kakao, feases, urin, EM4, gula dan air. Semua bahan dicampur merata dalam bak fermentasi, ditutup dengan terpal dan dibiarkan selama 3 minggu. Selama kegiatan berlangsung, antusias peserta dalam mengikuti seluruh kegiatan sangat tinggi dengan capaian 100%. Kegiatan IB telah menghasilkan sebanyak 12 ekor sapi bunting. Kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada petani di Kelompok Tani Sumber Rezeki telah mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pembuatan pupuk organik dengan capaian sebesar 88,0% dari total peserta pelatihan.
Study of-land-quality-and-land-characteristics-that-determine-the-productivit...NurdinUng
The challenge of composite maize developing in the future is the low productivity because the maize is grown on land that is not suitable for land quality. This study aims to determine the land quality and land characteristics that control the composite maize productivity in Gorontalo Province. A total of 33 land units were surveyed and their land observed to obtain data on morphology and soil characteristics, climate and terrain characteristics, as well as composite maize productivity data through ubinan plots and direct interviews with maize farmers. Partial least square of structural equation models (PLS-SEM) analysis has been used to determine the land quality and land characteristics that control the composite maize productivity through variable validity and reliability tests, as well as structural model tests. The results showed that the manifest variables were air temperature, rainfall, wet months, dry months, LGP, drainage, coarse materials, effective depth, pH H2O, pH KCl, C-organic, total N, available P, available K, ESP, slopes, soil erosion, inundation height, inundation time, surface rock, and rock outcrops were valid and able to explain well the latent variables. Furthermore, the latent variables were temperature, water availability, oxygen availability, nutrient retention, nutrients availability, sodicity, erosion hazard, flood hazard, and land preparation used has good composite reliability and high reliability because of the composite reliability and alpha cronbach >0.6. Land quality that controls the composite maize productivity based on the order of importance were nutrient retention, rooting media, land preparation, and nutrients availability. Meanwhile, land characteristics that control the composite maize productivity based on the order of importance were pH KCI, coarse material, rock outcrops, effective depth, surface rock, available K, and soil texture. Soil texture, effective depth, pH KCI, and available K has a positive relationship and has a significant to very significant effect on the composite maize productivity, while the content of course materials, surface rock, and rock outcrops has a negative relationship and has a significant effect on the composite maize productivity.
Uji kurang satu pupuk n, p, dan k terhadap pertumbuhan jagung di dutohe agust...NurdinUng
The aim of this study was to determine (1) the effect of N, P, and K fertilizers on the maize growth and (2) the best treatment combinations on the maize growth. The fertilizers method using minus one test in randomized block design pattern with four treatments and three replications. Dosages of each treatment were 160 kg Urea, 54 kg TSP, and 90 kg KCl. The results of this research showing that the minus one test of N, P, and K fertilizers has significant effect to plant high on 14 days after planting (DAP), 42 DAP, and 56 DAP, but has not significant effect on 28 DAP. This pattern was the same with leaf color parameters. , for leaf numbers has significant effect on 28 DAP only. The best treatment combination was N+K treatment or minus P.
Serapan hara n, p dan k tanaman jagung (zea mays l.) di dutohe agustus 2012NurdinUng
This study aimed to determine the N, P, and K nutrients uptakes of maize crops in Dutohe of Bone Bolango regency. Te research was carried out in Dutohe Village of Kabila Distric of Bone Bolango regency for about 6 months. The experimental design was following randomized block design that consist of 4 treatments (P+K, N+P, N+K) with 3 replications, so there are 12 plot units. Dosages of each treatment were 160 kg Urea, 54 kg TSP, and 90 kg KCl. The result from the experiment showed that minus one test has not significant effect to N and P uptakes, but has significant effect to K uptake.
Teknologi dan pengembangan agribisnis cabai di kabupaten boalemo provinsi gor...NurdinUng
Cabai merupakan komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Boalemo Provinsi Gorontalo yang dicanangkan pemerintah daerah melalui program Gemar Malita. Pembangunan agribisnis cabai di kabupaten ini masih pada tahap subsistem
on farm, tetapi pengembangannya mempunyai keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif. Secara finansial, pengembangan cabai lebih menguntungkan dan mempunyai daya saing yang lebih tinggi dibanding jagung dan padi dengan nilai R/C dan B/C cabai masing-masing 2,15 dan 1,87, lebih tinggi daripada dua komoditas unggulan tersebut.
Selain itu, cabai merupakan komoditas basis di Kecamatan Tilamuta, Botumoito, Wonosari, dan Paguyaman
Pantai. Cabai umumnya dibudidayakan pada tanah Inceptisol, Alfisol, Mollisol, dan Entisol. Namun, lahan ini
umumnya telah digunakan untuk komoditas lain atau dikonversi ke penggunaan nonpertanian. Iklim yang kering dan kesuburan tanah yang rendah sampai sedang merupakan faktor pembatas dalam pengembangan cabai di daerah ini. Upaya dan strategi yang dapat ditempuh meliputi konservasi tanah dan air, intensifikasi dan diversifikasi
tanaman, pembinaan kearifan lokal, penyuluhan dan pemberian insentif, serta pemberdayaan kelembagaan perdesaan
dan penyuluhan. Hal penting lain yang perlu dilakukan adalah mengembangkan kemitraan dengan pihak swasta melalui pola inti-plasma, contract farming, subkontrak, dagang umum, keagenan, dan kerja sama operasional agribisnis.
Penggunaan lahan kering di das limboto sept 2011NurdinUng
Lahan kering merupakan salah satu agroekosistem yang berpotensi besar untuk usaha pertanian. Daerah aliran
sungai (DAS) Limboto mempunyai lahan kering yang sesuai untuk pengembangan pertanian seluas 37.049 ha,
sedangkan lahan datar sampai bergelombang yang potensial untuk pertanian 33.144 ha. Untuk memanfaatkan
lahan kering tersebut, dapat diterapkan beberapa strategi dan teknologi yang meliputi: 1) pengelolaan sistem budi
daya, yang mencakup pengelompokan tanaman dalam suatu bentang lahan mengikuti kebutuhan air yang sama,
penentuan pola tanam yang tepat, pemberian mulsa dan bahan organik, pembuatan pemecah angin, dan penerapan
sistem agroforestry, 2) pengembangan ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya melalui penyuluhan, penyediaan sarana dan
prasarana produksi serta permodalan petani, pemberdayaan kelembagaan petani dan penyuluh, serta penerapan
sistem agribisnis, dan 3) implementasi kebijakan yang berpihak kepada pertanian, yang meliputi pemberian subsidi
kepada petani di daerah hulu untuk melaksanakan konservasi lahan, pemberian subsidi pajak kepada petani di
daerah hulu, penetapan peraturan daerah yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan lahan berbasis konservasi, dan
pengelolaan lahan dengan sistem hak guna usaha (HGU). Hal lain yang terpenting dalam pemanfaatan lahan kering
adalah sinkronisasi dan koordinasi antarinstitusi pemerintah dengan melibatkan petani untuk menghindari tumpang
tindih kepentingan.
Pemberdayaan petani melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan pembuatan...NurdinUng
Pemberdayaan petani merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menjadikan petani lebih berdaya dan mengurangi
ketergantungan terhadap subsidi pemerintah serta meningkatkan partisipasinya dalam pembangunan, tetapi
sering sulit dijalankan karena tingkat pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petani masih rendah. Kegiatan ini bertujuan
untuk: (1) meningkatkan pengetahuan petani tentang pupuk organik, dan (2) meningkatkan ketrampilan petani
dalam pembuatan pupuk organik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2019 di Kelompok Tani Rukun
Sejahtera Desa Bualo Kecamatan Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo. Kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan pembuatan
pembuatan pupuk organik yang dilakukan melalui ceramah dan praktek (demonstrasi). Sebelum dan sesudah
pelatihan, dilakukan tes tingkat pengetahuan tentang pupuk organik dengan menggunakan kuisioner kepada
peserta pelatihan. Penilaian pengetahuan peserta didasarkan pada lima item pertanyaan, yaitu: 1). Pengetahuan
tentang pupuk organik; 2). Penggunaan pupuk organik; 3). Sumber bahan pupuk organik; 4). Kandungan hara
dalam pupuk organik; dan 5). Jenis pupuk organik. Jumlah peserta pelatihan adalah 25 orang yang semuanya
dijadikan sampel. Analisis data meliputi: analisis validitas, reliabilitas, dan analisis tabel menggunakan software
SPSS 23. Tingkat pengetahuan peserta dilakukan dengan analisis skor terhadap jawaban pertanyaan
menggunakan Skala Likert dan digambarkan dalam garis continuum. Praktek pembuatan pupuk organik
dilakukan dengan pendekatan learning by doing. Bahan yang digunakan meliputi: limbah jagung, bungkil
kakao, feases, urin, EM4, gula dan air. Limbah jagung dan bungkil kakao dicacah dengan mesin copper,
kemudian semua bahan dicampur dan diaduk dalam bak fermentasi sampai merata dan percikkan dengan air
sampai lembab merata serta ditutup dengan terpal dan dibiarkan selama 2-3 minggu untuk proses fermentasi
dan pengomposan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan sebelum pelatihan, mayoritas peserta pelatihan (76,0%) tidak
tahu tentang pupuk organik, sedangkan setelah pelatihan dan prektek pembuatan pupuk organik, mayoritas
peserta pelatihan (88,6%) sudah tahu tentang pupuk organik dan cara pembuatannya. Tingkat ketrampilan
petani dalam pembuatan pupuk organik juga telah meningkat yang ditunjukkan oleh indikator kemampuan
mengoperasikan perangkat mesin pencacah, kemampuan memformulasikan dosis atau takaran bahan baku
pupuk berupa larutan EM4+molase+air, kemampuan mencampuradukan bahan-bahan pupuk organik secara
merata, dan kemampuan mengidentifikasi keberhasilan pupuk organik yang dibuat.
The aimed of this research was to determining of upland suitability for maize commodity development and its limiting factors based on land quality. This research conducted at three month in Dulamayo garden farming of Gorontalo State University. Assessments of land suitability classes using the framework of land evaluation and parametric approach with root square land index as methods. The result of this research showed that the land suitability classes showed that land utilization type (LUT) for Local Maize of patterns A (none fertilizing) + B (national fertilizing dosage) were dominantly of
moderately suitable with nutrient availability as limiting factors (S2na), while for pattern C (prescription fertilizing dosage) was very suitable but any small amount of nutrient availability as limiting factors (S1na). The LUT Composite Maize to pattern A was marginally suitable with nutrient availability as limiting factors (S3na), pattern B same as LUT Local Maize limiting factors, but pattern C with very suitable classes but differences of limiting factors (S1wa). For LUT Hybrids Maize dominantly of marginally suitable with water availability as limiting factors (S3wa) to pattern A+B, but pattern C dominantly of moderately suitable with water availability as limiting factors (S2wa).
Laju infiltrasi dan_permeabilitas_tanah-agustus 2012NurdinUng
Land utility for physic buildings on Gorontalo State University campus I has shown rasing significant trends. Whereas, the land was originally rice field productively and water catchments area. Consequently, its function is reduced due to the infiltration of water hampered. This study aimed to (a) determine the amount of soil infiltration rate, and (b) determine the amount of soil permeability. The study was conducted on six months in the campus 1 Gorontalo State University areas. The equipment consists of Guelph permeameter, rol meter, water bag, stop watch, soil bor and raffia. s, the materials consist of water and soil samples. Infiltration measurements carried out in a transect from the south to the north lines. Measurements will be performed at every five meters with two measurements (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). On existing lines any building or standing crop, the measurement will be carried out on one side to detect the effect of distance and the soil variability. Parameters observed include water infiltration, and soil permeability. The result of this research shown that infiltration rate (i) and soil permeability (Ks) at campus 1 Gorontalo State University areas classified as very rapid. s, the highest of infiltration rate and soil permeability values was to 140 m distance or point 28 and the lowest was to 170 m distance or point 34.
Kombinasi teknik konservasi tanah dan pengaruhnya terhadap hasil jagung dan e...NurdinUng
Upland is one of land potentials for maize development, but most farmers were using upland without soil conservation, so the soil erosion is difficult controlling and productivity is decreasing. This research was aimed to find of soil conservation technique combinations which can minimize soil erosion and rising of maize yields. This research was carried out in Biyonga Sub-Watershed of Gorontalo Regency. Experimental was conducted in afactorial random block design with2 main factors, where first factor was contour cultivation and the second was strip cropping which each factors consisted of 5 treatments for manure and mulching with 3 replicates. Erosion box and their soil collector were used to measure of soil erosion. Results showed that contour cultivation is ±1.24 higher than strip cropping toincrease maize yields, but soil erosion was ±1.20 higher than strip cropping. The highest of maize yield was 5.82 ha-1 tahun-1 and their soil erosion was 1.34 ton ha-1 tahun-1. Soil erosion on
the strip cropping was only 1.08 tonha-1 tahun-1 although maize yields were only 4.80 ton ha-1. The best dosage for manure and mulching were 10 ton ha-1 and 12 ton ha-1.
Kajian risiko dan aksi adaptasi perubahan iklim sektor spesifik ketahanan pan...NurdinUng
This paper aims to assess the risk and action of climate change adaptation of specific food security sectors in Boalemo Regency based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number P.33/MENLHK/Setjen/Kum.1/3/2016 on Guidelines for Climate Change Adaptation Action Formulation. Climate change is a necessity and has happened this earth. The impact of climate change on national food security occurs coherently, ranging from negative effects on resources (land and water), agricultural infrastructure (irrigation), to production systems through decreasing productivity, planting area and harvest. On the other hand, farmers have limited resources and ability to adapt to climate change. This requires concrete action by all stakeholders collectively in addressing the issue of climate change impacts. It is proposed to the District Government of Boalemo to address local climate change events with prioritization of adaptation options based on consideration of resource availability and constraints on the implementation of each adaptation option, including: (1) building of embungs, reservoirs and bending, drip irrigation, mulch, (2) development of draenase, improvement of irrigation, (3) adaptive seed breeding, use of organic fertilizer, (4) utilization of biopesticides, (5) alternative animal feeding training, and (6) consultation with mantri, animal age recording and calculation feed requirement. These efforts will be more useful if the rate of climate change does not exceed the ability to adapt. Anticipation and adaptation efforts need to be balanced with mitigation, ie efforts to reduce the source and increase the sink (absorber) of greenhouse gases.
Morfologi, sifat fisik dan kimia tanah inceptisols dari bahan lakustrin paguy...NurdinUng
The Inceptisols has potential for upland agroculture, but it has problems in the field. Identification and soil characterization was need for mismanagements. Research aimed to indentify the Inceptisols characteristic derived from lakustrine as based of soil managements. Two pedons from Paguyaman of Gorontalo Province were studied both in field and in the laboratory. Twelve soil samples were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The result of this research showed that the soil morfology of Paguyaman Inceptisols has horizon of arrangement was Ap-Bw and Ap-Bw-Br with different soil depts. Soil matrix color of two pedons dominantly of brown that indicated of B cambic horizon has formed but has not argillic horison. All pedon finded of ocrich epipedons, therefore the soil classify as Typic Eutrudept, fine loamy, smectitic, isohypertermic (PLKS) and Typic Eutrudept, fine, smectitic, isohypertermic (PLKM). Inceptisol was forming way of pedoturbation and lessivage process where done clay and C-organic movements, ground water finded in 100 cm soil depts to half time in a years and base saturation ? 60%. This Inceptisol has loamy of textures, acid until alkalis of soil pH, moderately of nutrient stock and cation exchange capacity moderate until high value. These carracteristics indicated that this soil has potential for food crop cultivations. Therefore, the pedon PLKM more potential than pedon PLKS
Hasil tanaman jagung yang dipupuk n, p, dan k di dutohe kabupaten bone bolang...NurdinUng
The objective of this research was to study the respons of N, P, and K fertilizers and the best combination of it on the maize yields. The experimental design was following random block design that consist of 4 treatments with 3 replications, so there are 12 plot units. Dosages of each treatment were 160 kg Urea, 54 kg TSP, and 90 kg KCl. The result of this research showing that minus one test has significant effect to stem length, stem diameters, and all dry weigh, while for 100 gain weigh has not significant effects. The best treatment combination was N+K treatment or minus P.
Banana is one of the export commodities important, but most
farmers were cultivated as a side commodity only. The objective of the study was to evaluate the land suitability for banana development and its limiting factors. This study was done with four stages, i.e: data collection, laboratory analysis, data compilation, and data interpretation. Land suitability analysis using matching approach and tools of geographical information system (GIS) software. Determining of land suitability classes using FAO (1976) framework of land evaluation. The result shown that land suitability for banana was classified as suitable (N) widely of 204,696.99 ha, and widely of 13,999.53 ha of not suitable (N). The limiting factors for banana development were erosion hazard, water and oxygen availability, and roots condition.
Antisipasi perubahan iklim_untuk_ketahan-pangan-fixNurdinUng
Pertanian merupakan sektor penyedia pangan yang tidak
pernah lepas dari berbagai persoalan, baik persoalan ekologi, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya, bahkan persoalan kebijakan politik. Hal ini tidak berlebihan karena pangan adalah
kebutuhan pokok penduduk, terutama di Indonesia. Laporan BPS tahun 2010 menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk Indonesia sudah mencapai 237,641,326 jiwa atau meningkat sebesar 15,21% dari tahun sebelumnya. Kondisi ini membutuhkan ketersediaan pangan yang cukup agar tidak menjadi salah satu penyebab instabilitas pangan nasional. Dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan terutama mempertahankan sekaligus meningkatkan produksi pangan, pada level lapangan masih banyak hambatan dan kendala yang dijumpai. Dari sekian banyak hambatan dan kendala tersebut, ada yang dapat ditangani melalui introduksi teknologi dan upaya strategis lainnya, tetapi ada pula yang sukar untuk ditangani terutama yang berkaitan dengan fenomena alam.
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
2. 17
J Trop Soils, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2014: 17-24
INTRODUCTION
Rate of population growth with a percentage
of about 2% per year has resulted in increasing
demand for rice consumption. Until 2012, national
rice demand reached 34.055 million Mg and paddy
production reached 68,956,293 Mg (BPS RI 2012)
or equivalent to 37 million Mg of rice (Suswono
2012). Sudaryatno et al. (2010) predicted that the
need of national rice in 2015 as many as 35,123,000
Mg and 37,021,000 Mg in 2020, or an average rate
of rice consumption increased 0.92% per year.
Viewing statistics in 2012, it was apparentlya surplus
as much as 3-4 million Mg of rice at the year.
Although the current national rice needed was
adequate and surplus, but considering Indonesia’s
populations that were about 247 million and the
increasing rate of population growth, the rice
production was needed to be maintained and
J Trop Soils, Vol. 19, No. 1 2014: 17-24
ISSN 0852-257X
Available online at:
http://journal.unila.ac.id/index.php/tropicalsoil
DOI: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.1.17
EffectApplication of Sea Sand, Coconut and Banana Coiron the
Growth andYield of Rice Planted at Ustic Endoaquert Soil
Nurdin
Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorontalo State University
Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.6 Kota Gorontalo 96122, Indonesia.
E-mail: nurdin@ung.ac.id
Received 10 October 2013/ Received 18 December 2013
ABSTRACT
The research was aimed to study effect application of sea sand (SS), coconut coir (CC) and banana coir
(BC) on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted at Ustic Endoaquert soil. The pot experiment
was carried out using a factorial design with 3 factors. The first factor was SS consisted of three levels
i.e.: 0%, 25%, and 50%. The second and third factors were CC and BC, each consisted of three levels
i.e.: 0, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1
.Application of SS and BC significantly increased leaf length where the highest
increasing percentage was 16.47% which was achieved at 25% SS application. Their effect on leaf
numbers and tiller numbers were relatively not similar pattern where leaf number only increased about
65.52% by BC application, while tiller numbersonly increased about 10.77% by SS application. Furthermore,
the application of CC and BC significantly increased panicle numbers to 29.53% and 29.05%, respectively
compared to control. All ameliorants significantly increased panicle numbers, but the best was CC with
the increasing up to 46.49% at 20 Mg ha-1
CC compared to SS or BC application. However, only coconut
coir significantly increased the rice grain numbers.
Keywords: Banana coir, coconut coir, rice plant, sea sand, vertisol
improved, one through the increasing productivity
of paddy soil.
Paddy rice field soil is an ecosystem which
water source are dominantly from irrigation and as
mainly national rice sources which coverage 2.1
million ha (Toha and Pirngadi 2004). In Paguyaman,
Gorontalo Province paddy rice field areas are
dominantly classified as Vertisols that developed
from lacustrine deposition materials (Hikmatullah et
al. 2002; Prasetyo 2007; Nurdin 2011). From
chemically aspect, Vertisol is classified as nutrient
rich soil that has high nutrient sources (Deckers et
al. 2001). However, the physical properties are
limiting factor for plant growth which are heavy clay
texture, swelling and shrinking properties, lowest
water infiltration, and slow drainage (Mukanda and
Mapiki 2001). As a result, it frequently has stunted
plant growth and low yields. It is necessary to repair
these properties by giving ameliorant materials.
Sand is one type of the ameliorant materials
that can be applied to high clay soils. Ravina and
Magier (1984); Narka and Wiyanti (1999) showed
that application of sand had significantly effect to
decline COLE value and soil plasticity index, while
3. 18 Nurdin: Effect application of sea sand, coconut and banana coir on rice yield
peeled and separated from trunk up to 10 sheets of
rods into core of the BC. Furthermore, the banana
peel was grounded into powder with a size of 0.05
mm. The CC and BC obtained were weighed
according to dosage of each treatment. Before
application, water absorption capacities (WAC) of
CC and BC were tested through immersion.
Immersion was used to determine maximum WAC
of the ameliorant material. Calculation of WAC
followed the equation:
WAC (%) = [Pre Weight (w0)/Dry weight (w1)] x 100%
Experimental Designs
A factorial design with 3 factors of ameliorant
was used, where each factor consisted of 3 dosages
of ameliorant and each had 3 replications, so 81 pot
experiments were obtained. Sea sand (SS) factors
consisted of 0% (S0), 25% (S1), and 50% (S2). CC
factor consisted of 0 (C0), 10 (C1), and 20 Mg ha-1
CC (C2). While, the BC factors consisted of 0 (B0),
10 (B1), and 20 (B2) Mg ha-1
BC.
Initial properties of the soil at 0-20 cm depth
are presented in Table 2. The soil had clay loamy
textures, slow of soil permeability, and real of
swelling and shrinking. Furthermore, the soil
chemical properties indicated that the soil organic
matter, total N, available P, and K exchanged were
low. Relatively neutral of soil pH, cation exchange
capacity and base saturation were high. Thus, based
on criterion of Center for Soil Research (1983) the
soil fertility status was classified as moderate.
Planting Rice and Its Maintenance
Before planting, basic fertilizers were weighted
and applied to the soils. Urea 125 kg ha-1
were given
twice at ages 0 days after planting (DAP) and 60
DAP, each as much as 62.5 kg ha-1
, respectively.
Meanwhile, SP36 100 kg ha-1
were given twice at
ages 0 days after planting (DAP) and 60 DAP, each
as much as 50.0 kg ha-1
, respectively, whereas KCl
50 kg ha-1
were given twice at ages 0 days after
planting (DAP) and 60 DAP, each as much as 25.0
kg ha-1
, respectively.
Ciherang rice seed variety was tested its quality
by soaking in saline solution, then planted in trays
which were covered by leaves and soil media
containing organic material with a ratio of 1:1 until
10 days.Aday before planting, the planting medium
was watered so that toxic compounds to the rice
seedling were moved down to the bottom of the
pot. Rice seeds 10 days aged were transferred into
plant growing media. Planting was done in planting
hole as deep as 8 cm and followed by application of
basic fertilizers. During plant growth and
soil permeability became large, but the water content
availability was low. This was in line with statement
of Kusnarta (2012) that sand could improve
aggregate and structure stability of Vertisol (stability
quotient), way of declining clay function mechanism
in swelling-shirking processes. Besides, the
application of sand about 20% of weight declined
COLE values. The SS was used as planting media
(Sari et at. 2006), but it had high NaCl contents that
caused some crops grew abnormally (Kusnarta et
al. 2014). Walter et al. (2000); Oliver and Smetten
(2002); Al-Omran et al. (2004) has stated sandy
texture soil was very influential on status and
distribution of water, so it influenced root system
and root depth. Further Rajiman (2009) has stated
that the sandy texture soil influenced on soil nutrient
and pH too.
However, paddy soil cultivation requires
medium permeability with sufficient water content,
so it needs another ameliorant to fix these properties,
such as by using CC and BC. CC has been used as
water storage on farms (Subiyanto et al. 2003).
While, the banana coir is still relatively not used yet.
Water absorption of banana coir was relatively high
when it was dried because it had pores that were
interconnected (Indrawati 2009).
Applications of the three ameliorant were
allegedly able to mutually improve soil physical and
chemical properties of Vertisol under rice cultivation
in paddy rice field, so that its productivity could be
improved. This research was aimed to study the
effect application of sea sand, coconut coir and
banana coir on the growth and yield of rice planted
at Ustic Endoaquert soil taken from paddy rice field.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Site
The experiment was conducted in the green
house of Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty
of Gorontalo State University startinginApril-August
2012. Meanwhile, the growing media was Ustic
Endoaquert Soil taken from Mootilango Sub district,
Gorontalo District, Gorontalo Province. Soil
description and classification are presented in
Table 1.
Coconut and Banana Coir Preparation
Materials were obtained from dried coconut
husk that surounded coconut shell inside. Coconut
husk was peeled and separated from coconut shell,
then, a smooth outer skin was peeled again until
remaining coconut coir (CC). Furthermore, CC was
milled to 1 mm. Banana coir (BC) materials were
obtained from dried banana bark. Banana bark was
4. 19
J Trop Soils, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2014: 17-24
development, the maintenance performed was weed
cleaning, watering was done every 7 DAP to end
the grain filling phase until flooding, water content
was filed capacity. Additication of second basic
fertilizers were at 60 DAP. Harvesting was done
when plant age was less than 115 days after planting.
Observation of plant growth components were plant
height, leaf length, leaf number and tiller number.
Meanwhile, the observations of yield components
were panicle length, panicle number, and rice grain
number.
Statistical Analysis
Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) for factorials
design were done to study the growth and yield
response of rice plants due to application of
ameliorant materials. If there was a significant
effect, then it was continued by the least significant
difference (LSD) test at 5% level.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Growth Components of Rice Plant
The results of variance analysis for rice growth
component planted at Ustic Endoaquert showed
that CC and BC did not significantly effect to plant
high (Table 3), while the SS significantly affected to
plant high. The highest plant height was shown at
application of 20% SS which significantly increased
plant height compared other treatments. However,
Location : Sidomukti Village, Mootilango Subdistrict, Gorontalo
District, Gorontalo Province
Soil classification
Taxonomy (USDA 2010) : Ustic Endoaquert
PPT System : Eutric Cambisol
FAO-UNESCO System : Cambisol
Parent material : Lacustrine
Position physiographic : Foot slope, Depression
Topography : Flat-Ramps, slopes <2%
Elevation : 58 m sl
Drainage : Poor
Ground water depth : Shallow
Vegetation : Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Depth (cm) Horizon Descriptions
0-12 Apg1 Gray (10YR 5/1); clay loamy; massive structure; very sticky,
plastic; smooth roots, a lot; clear flat.
12-31 Apg2 Gray (10YR 5/1); clays; angular blocky structure, smooth,
Weak; very sticky, plastic; rusty brown (10YR 5/3), plain,
smooth, clear, spots, sharp; rooting smooth, much; gradually
average
31-53 Bwg1 Gray (10YR 5/l); clay; moderate, angular blocky structure,
weak; very sticky, plastic; rooting smooth, slightly; frosted
flat.
53-71/92 Bwg2 Gray (10YR 6/l); clay; angular blocky structure, rough, weak;
very sticky, plastic; obviously choppy.
71/92-119 Bwssg Dark gray (10YR 4/1); clay moderate, angular blocky
structure, moderate; very sticky, plastic; slickenside; rusty
brown (10YR 5/3), plain, smooth, clear, tube, clear; frosted
flat.
119-150 BCg1 Dark gray (10YR 4/1); clay; angular blocky structure, harsh,
strong; very sticky, plastic; rusty brown (10YR 5/3), plain,
smooth, clear, tube, clear; clear flat.
150-200 BCg2 Dark gray (10YR 4/1); clay, very sticky, very friable; frosted
flat.
Table 1. Soil description and classification of the Experiment Site
5. 20 Nurdin: Effect application of sea sand, coconut and banana coir on rice yield
the plant height still lower than normal growth as
reported bySupriatnoet al. (2007),that plant height of
Ciherang varieties were ranged from 107-115 cm.
The highest increasing of plant height was
indicated at application of 25% SS which increased
plant height by 11.80%, while the lowest one was
shown at application of 10 Mg ha-1
CC which only
increased by 0.83%. At growth phase, especially
plant height it needed sufficient water availability.
Application of 25% SS had not yet reduced water
storage in soil, so it did not effect on water
availability, but it could increase plant height. At
application of 50% SS, the plant height decreased
until 2.45%. Mishra et al. (2012) reported that water
available significantly decreased with the increasing
of sand in mixture. Water shortages did not apparent
at the beginning of vegetative phase and it still could
stimulate root development, but at next vegetative
phase, plant would be stunted (Sholeh and Riajaya
2000).
Furthermore, Yakup (2008) reported that plant
height was significantly affected by soil water
availability. In the water-saturated state, despite
resistance by soil particles, no water could be
absorbed by the soil except in certain plants such as
paddy (Kasli and Efendi 2011).
Test results of WAC of both ameliorant showed
that CC had a high WAC (71.77%), while BC was
only 28.23%. Wuryaningsih et al. (2008) who
conducted a study of growth Anthurium
andraeanum in pot by using coconut bulk media
reported that its physical properties were: a very
high water content (1,314.41%), low-bulk density
(0.09%), hightotal porosity(120.31%),andhighpores
water holding (116.6%). In additional, soil texture
was classified as clay loamy (Table 2), so the soil
puddling and flooding would become more easily
dispersible and soil was relatively compact (Isnaini
and Suwarno 2005).
Unlike the application of CC, the application of
SS and BC had significant effect to leaf length
(Table 3). The largest increasing of leaf length was
shown at SS application as much as 25% (16.47%)
and it was significantly different with control. It
seems that application of 25% SS had not yet
reduced water storages in soil but it might increase
soil pores, so the leaf length was the highest. With
the application of 50% SS, the leaf length decreased
Table 2. Initial soil properties of Ustic Endoaquert at 0-20 cm Depth
Soil Properties Values Criterion*
Texture:
Sand (%)
Clay (%)
Silt (%)
27
35
38
Clay Loamy
Soil permeability (cm hour-1
) 1.59 Slow
COLE value 0.98 Real swell-shrinking
Water content availability 8.47
C-organic (%) 0.69 Very low
Total N (%) 0.06 Very low
C/N ratio 11.62 Moderate
Available-P, Bray 1 (mg P kg-1
) 3.80 Very low
pH H2O 6.48 slightly acid
NH4OAo 1 N pH 7 Extraction:
K(cmol+ kg-l
)
Ca (cmol+ kg-l
)
Mg (cmol+ kg-1
)
Na (cmol+ kg-1
)
CEC (cmol+kg-1
)
0.24
14.90
6.05
0.50
30.93
Very low
High
High
Moderate
High
Base saturation (%) 70.08 High
Extract KCI 1 M:
Al3+
(cmol+ kg-l
)
H+
(cmol+ kg-l
)
0.00
0.06
*Center for Soil Research (1983).
6. 21
J Trop Soils, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2014: 17-24
until 11.48%. Mishra et al. (2012) reporting that the
water available decreased significantly with
increasing sand in mixture. The lowest leaf length
was shown at the 0 Mg ha-1
CC (0.62%) and it was
not significantly different with 10 and 20 Mg ha-1
CC.
Fazeli et al. (2007) stated that effect of a turn
single of water availability would reduce growth.
Furthermore, Kasli and Effendi (2011) stated that
effects of water shortages on some physiological
processes of plants were seen in a slow
accumulation of dry matter, decreasing leaf
expansion rate, and limiting stomata closure
photosynthesis. In addition, short-term leaves and
leaf area in plants were thought to be influenced by
the intensity of the light received in green house
where the research took place. The present of trees
around the green house allegedly indirectly affected
the reception of light by the plant, even though the
distance was about 6 feet from the green house.
Anggarwulan et al. (2008) stated that light played
an important role in the physiological processes of
plants, especially photosynthesis, respiration, and
transpiration. The plants required quite diverse
intensity of light.
The applications of SS and CC did not have
significantly effect to leaf number, but BC had
significantly effect (Table 3).Application of 10 Mg
ha-1
BC had significantly increased leaf number by
65.52% and it was significantly different with
control. This was presumably due to the ability of
BC to maintain soil moisture and water availability.
Indrawati (2009) stated that the stem of BC was
strong fiber and resistant to water. It also had pores
that were interconnected, and when dry a material
would be having absorption and high shelf.
The application of CC and BC did not have
significant effect to tiller number, but application of
SS had significant effect to it (Table 3). Application
of 25% SS increased significantly tiller numbers by
l0.77%. Indrawati (2009) stated that the flooding
growing media as high as 5 cm was also associated
with the formation of tiller numbers. This was in
line with reports of Utomo and Rudi, (2000) in Kaseli
and Effendi (2011) that the flooding up to
approximately 3-5 cm above soil surface condition
that considered as good for formation of tillers and
at foll phase the flooding would inhibit seedling
establishment. The results were reinforced by
reportsAstuti (2010) that the tiller numbers produced
from crops by flooding system were more than by
intermittent and kemalir systems. However, in
contrast with results of Shi et al. (2002) that at the
maximum tillering growth phase, the highest tiller
numbers were in kemalir water management
compared to intermittent and continuous floodings.
Sumardi et al. (2007) that water use efficiency
for rice cultivation without flooding condition were
as much as 19.581%, while with continuously
flooding its efficiency was as much as 70.907% only.
In this study also showed that the higher the plant
would be followed by a greater tiller numbers. This
Table 3. The rice plant growth components with the application of sea sand, coconut coir and banana coir
planted at Ustic Endoaquert soil.
Note: Number that following by same latter in same column did not significantly different at LSD level of 0.05; ns=not
significant effect at F level test 0.05
Treatments Plant Height (cm) Leaf length (cm) Leaf number Tiller number
Sea sand
0%
25%
50%
27.74a
3097b
30.23ab
20.64a
24.04b
23.01ab
10.29ns
14.18
14.04
12.07a
13.37b
13.29ab
Coconut coir
0 Mg ha-1
10 Mg ha-1
20 Mg ha-1
29.57ns
30.02
29.32
21.99ns
22.92
22.78
11.88ns
13.29
13.33
12.37ns
13.29
13.07
Banana coir
0 Mg ha-1
10 Mg ha-1
20 Mg ha-1
30.95ns
29.29
28.65
23.89a
21.43b
22.37ab
9.89a
16.37b
12.26ab
l2.56ns
13.19
13.00
Interaction ns ns ns ns
LSD0.05 3.21 2.42 4.57 1.25
7. 22 Nurdin: Effect application of sea sand, coconut and banana coir on rice yield
was in contrast with the result of Aldi et al. (2004);
Hartati and Suwarta (2004); Rahayu and Harjoso
(2010) who reported that tiller number showed
contrary to values of plant height, where the higher
tiller number was the lower plant high.
Although it had not significant effect to tiller
numbers, but application of 10 Mg ha-1
CC and BC
increased tiller number by 7.44% and 5.04%,
respectively compared to control. This was related
a to high ability to absorb water of CC and BC, so
that they would enough moisture and water
availability. Ramesh et al. (2010) reported that
combination of soil and coconut coir as much as
4% showed changes in the nature of Catton black
soil compactness better that control. Contribution
of ameliorant effect to plant growth was in order of
SS > BC > CC.
Yield Components of Rice Plant
Analysis of variance for rice yield component
resulted that application of CC and BC had
significantly increased panicle numbers, but
application of SS did not have significantly effect to
panicle numbers. It seems that percentage of panicle
numbers with CC and BC application were relative
similar. However, the different between treatments
were increasing of percentage figures. Application
of 20 Mg ha-1
BC significantly increased panicle
number by 20.47% compared to 10 Mg ha-1
BC
and by 23.4l compared to control. This suggested
that BC application was able to maintain water
availability due a to high ability to absorb water. The
BC was quite strong and resistant to water and had
pores that where interconnected and when dry, a
material would be having absorption and high shelf
(Indrawati 2009). Meanwhile, although it had not
significantlyeffect to panicle numbers,but application
of 50% SS increased tiller numbers by 19.36%
compared to control.
Soil sand fraction was clay loamy textures, so
that application of 50% SS to the soil could reduce
weight to light fraction, particularly declined COLE
index. Sand textures affected status and distribution
of water, so affecting root system and root depth
(Walter et al. 2000; Oliver and Smettem 2002).
Thus, the plant root system was not disturbed due
to lock of the possibility of soil cracking, so the
process of water and nutrients absorption could be
better.
Application of 20 Mg ha-1
CC significantly
increased panicle numbers by 29.54% compared to
10 Mg ha-1
CC. This was presumably related to soil
water availability. The WAC level of CC was high
and would be able to absorb and retain water
availability in the soil, so that more CC would be
followed by the greater panicle numbers. This was
consistent with statement of Dachban (2012) that
rice storage water for 4 days at generative periods
and following 2 weeks was a sensitive periods to
water storages.
In addition, the SS, CC and BC significantly
increased panicle length. Application of 10 Mg ha-l
BC significantly increased panicle length by 29.47%
compared to control and by 21.8% compared to 20
Mg ha-l
BC. This was presumably related to soil
water availability of each treatment. The research
conducted by Dachban (2012) showed that the
panicle length at level of 3 mm, 2 mm, and 1 mm
decreased long panicle length by 0.77%, 5.80%, and
45.10% respectively, due to reduction of plant yields
because of water. In fact, Astuti (2010) reported
that panicle length and rice grain numbers were not
affected by irrigation, but each variety had panicle
length and rice grain numbers per panicle
significantly different due to the genetic. Meanwhile,
10 Mg ha-1
CC significantly increased rice grain
numbers by 33.33% compared to control but did
not have significantly different with 20 Mg ha-l
CC
(Table 4). Apparently, long panicles would be
relatively followed by a greater rice grain numbers.
It was in line with Setiobudi et al. (2008) that the
rice grain numbers was determined by genetic
properties of plants especially panicle length, tassel
branch, and a differentiation rice grains.
CONCLUSIONS
Application of sea sand and banana coir
significantly increased leaf length where the highest
increasing percentage of 16.47% was achieved at
25% SS application. Their effect on leaf numbers
and tiller numbers were relatively not similar pattern
where leaf number only increased about 65.52%
by banana coir application, while tiller numbers only
increased about 10.77% by sea sand application.
Furthermore, the application of coconut coir and
banana coir significantly increased panicle numbers
up to 29.53% and 29.05%, respectively compared
to control. All ameliorants significantly increased
panicle numbers, but the best was coconut coir that
could increase up to 46.49% at 20 Mg ha-1
CC
compared to sea sand and banana coir application.
Only coconut coir significantly increased the rice
grain numbers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research team would like to thank
Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE),
the Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic
Indonesia that had given us the opportunity to
8. 23
J Trop Soils, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2014: 17-24
get a Competitive research Grant funding in fiscal
year 2012 with contract number was 33/UN47.D2/
PL/2012.
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coir planted at Ustic Endoaquert soil
Note: Number that following by same latter in same column did not significantly effect at LSD
level of 0.05; ns=not significant effect at F level test 0.05
Treatments Panicle number Panicle length (cm) Rice grain number
Sea sand
0%
25%
50%
2.48ns
2.59
2.96
8.97b
7.35a
8.28ab
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7.98
9.07
Coconut coir
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