Improving Fruit Quality and Nutritional Value of Deglet Nour dates subjected to Salt Stress by using Phospho-Potassium Fertilization (Biskra south-east of Algeria
A field study was carried out during the two consecutive years (2015-2016) in the region of Biskra, southern east of Algeria on date palms of Deglet-Nour variety, grown in a salty environment. To study the combined effect of salinity and phospho-potassium fertilization on the quality and nutritional value of dates, two sites of different salinity, occupied by 54 date palms variety Deglet-Nour has been selected. The palms were fertilized by receiving three doses of potassium (0, 2 and 3 kg / palm) as potassium sulphate K 2 SO 4 (50%) combined with three levels of phosphorus (0, 1 and 2 kg / palm) as superphosphate (TSP 46%). The results revealed that applying 2 kg of potassium/palm in an excessively salty environment and 3 kg/palm in a low or unsalted environment associated to 1 kg of phosphorus in the two different cases of salinity of the two sites S1 and S2 improving the fruit traits.
Taking all these into account, it is important to increase the fertility of the soil from the erosion process in Ismayilli and to prevent the washing of fodder crops from perennial herbs. The cultivation of these plants in the mountainous regions protects the slopes from the terrible erosion process and provides the animals with a strong fodder. It is proved by the results of the research that restoration of fertility and ecological balance of erosion lands and the implementation of soil-agro-technical measures to increase productivity are of great importance. Due to the application of these measures, I, as a result of improving the water and physical properties of the affected land, prevent surface water flows. In addition, the results of the study have been proven by the fact that, for certain reason, erosion and erosion hazards are most likely to be taken over by the sowing of perennial herbs. Thus, perennial herbs, in particular, accumulate the nitrogen atmosphere of the legumes, enriches the soil with organic matter, accelerates the formation of water-resistant granular - topical structure and improves its water-physical properties, which in turn facilitates the rapid digestion of foodstuffs.
Impact of organic and conventional practices on, soil health and crop yield u...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study was carried out to evaluate the improvement of soil fertility and crop yield using formulated organic fertilizers in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) from October 2008 to April 2015 and the test crop was tomato, eggplant, cabbage and cauliflower. The physicochemical properties, behavior and persistence of plant beneficial microorganisms including nitrogen fixing bacteria, (e.g. Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp.), phosphate solubilizing bacteria e.g. (Bacillus sp. Pseudomonas sp., Phosphobacteria), Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma sp., in the amended/ non-amended block were evaluated each year. The soil beneficial microbial populations and health properties including pH, nitrogen content, organic matter, phosphorus, K, Ca, and S, increased significantly in the compost-amended soils compared to the conventional practices. The total nitrogen (N) content and the organic matter of compost amended soil were 215% and 200% higher respectively than that of conventional practices (CP). Furthermore, significant increase of available organic matter, N, P, & K was observed in the compost-amended soils compared to conventional and control block. Furthermore, microbial population showed significant linear correlations with the organic matter contents of the soils and yearly vegetables yield increased gradually and was reached to almost identical to conventional field within 5 years, implying that the soil amended with BIOFER compost increased the soil fertility, and vegetables yields. Thus, application of BAOFER compost at the rate of 15 t/ha/year was found adequate in improving the vegetable yields and soil health in open field cultivation under subtropical climatic conditions.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
Nutrient budgets are becoming accepted tools to describe nutrient flows within cropping system and to assist in the planning of the rotational cropping and mixed farming system
Depending on the farm management and the balance of inputs and outputs of nutrient N,P and K budgets have been shown to range from deficit to surplus in cropping system
Budgets are the outcome of simple nutrient accounting process which details all the inputs and outputs to a given defined system over fixed period of time
A soil surface nutrient budget accounts for all nutrients that enter the soil surface and leave the soil through crop uptake.
Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some Medicin...Premier Publishers
Medicinal plants are nutrient demanding plants for normal growth and to produce higher yield. The aim of this review is to assess and indicate the role of plant nutrients both organic and inorganic in some medicinal plants. Inorganic and/or organic fertilizers are needed to meet inadequate soil nutrients and the declining of soil fertility as a result of continuous cultivation. Maintaining soil organic matter concentration above the threshold level is critical for improving soil quality. A careful combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is widely recognized strategy of integrated nutrient management to sustain agronomic productivity and improve soil fertility. The effects of organic fertilization and combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer on crop growth and soil fertility depend on the application rates and the nature of fertilizers used. Interestingly, applications of organic fertilizers to plants have been reported to increase the presence of bioactive compounds and antioxidants in them. On the other hand, inorganic fertilizers are crucial to increase the yield of medicinal plants like roselle within a short period of time. Most of the research conducted in plant nutrient demand for medicinal plants reported that integrated nutrient management for continuous and sustainable production of medicinal crop is necessary to gain quality products.
Balanced fertilizer use refers to application of essential plant nutrients in optimum quantities and in right proportional through appropriate method and time of application suited for a specific crop and agronomic situation.
Aims of Balanced Fertilization:
a) Increasing crop yield,
b) Improving quality of the produce ,
c) Increasing farm income,
d) Correction of inherent soil nutrient deficiencies and toxicities
e) Maintaining or improving lasting soil fertility,.
f) Reduces environmental hazards
Why to use phytoremediation?
Solar-driven Sustainable green technology improves air quality and sequesters greenhouse gases.
Controls erosion, runoff, infiltration, and fugitive dust emissions
Passive and in-situ.
Applicable to remote locations, potentially without utility access
Can be used to supplement other remediation approaches or as a polishing step.
Can be used to identify and map contamination.
Lower maintenance, resilient, and self-repairing.
Provides restoration and land reclamation during clean up and upon completion. Can be cost competitive.
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. Many agricultural soils of the world are deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients to support healthy and productive plant growth. Efficiency can be defined in many ways and easily increased food production could be achieved by expanding the land area under crops and by increasing yields per unit area through intensive farming. Environmental nutrient use efficiency can be quite different than agronomic or economic efficiency and maximizing efficiency may not always be effective. Worldwide, elemental deficiencies for essential macro and micro nutrients and toxicities by Al, Mn, Fe, S, B, Cu, Mo, Cr, Cl, Na, and Si have been reported.
Soil Nutrient Availability and Enzyme Activities under Wheat-Green gram Crop ...Pravash Chandra Moharana
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rock phosphate (RP) enriched rice straw compost, FYM
and inorganic fertilizers on changes in nutrient availability and enzyme activities in soil during different
physiological growth stages under a wheat-green gram crop rotation in an Inceptisol. The matured RP
enriched compost contained higher bioavailable P as well as total P content compared to farmyard manure.
Data revealed that application of inorganic fertilizers and RP enriched compost or FYM either alone or in
combination resulted in significant build-up in soil organic carbon, mineral N, Olsen-P and NH4OAc-K as
well as enzyme activities compared to unfertilized control plots during different physiological growth stages
of wheat and green gram. Plot receiving 50% NPK+RP enriched compost resulted in 100.8, 95.2 and 100.0
per cent greater build-up in Olsen-P over unfertilized control in crown root initiation (CRI), flowering and
maturity stage of wheat, respectively. Irrespective of treatments, build-up of mineral N, Olsen-P and NH4OAc-
K decreased in all the growth stages of green gram as compared to values obtained in wheat. The
dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities (alkaline and acid) were higher in flowering stage than maturity
and CRI stages of wheat. While, higher enzyme activities were obtained during pod formation in green
gram. The results demonstrated that enriched compost could be prepared using low-grade RP with rice straw
and used as an alternate nutrient source for improving crop yields, maintaining soil nutrient availability and
enzyme activities.
Effect of Aloe Vera wastes on physico-chemical properties and microbiological...IJEABJ
The aim of the present study was to explore the potential for using aloe vera wastes as amendment for soil to improve its fertility. Soil was exposed to four concentrations of aloin (rich in HAP) for 0, 7, 14 and 28 days. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed: soil Ph, organic matter (OM), nitrogen, phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The activity of seven enzymes implicated in the C, N and S cycles were measured. Microbial Biomass was determined by the method of substrate induced respiration. BiologEcoplates (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) were used to estimate soil microbial functional diversity. Our findings suggested a decrease on phosphorus and nitrogen content and an increase on CEC after aloin addition. Also, a decrease on microbial biomass and enzymes activities was observed, except for FDA. Ecoplates results demonstrate a decrease on microbial activities depending on the incubation time. Moreover, our results indicated that bacterial communities of the tested soils have more affinity to consume substrates as Amino acids and polymers. Our results should be carefully considered in view of the agriculture waists reuse for a sustainable agriculture
Reaction of Elite Faba Bean Genotypes for Soil Acidity StressAI Publications
Soil acidity is one of the major abiotic stresses in Ethiopian highland agriculture that limits crop production in general and a prime factor of faba bean production in particular. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of soil acidity stress on grain yield of 50 faba bean genotypes of which 22 were released varieties. The experiment was comprised two stress levels (lime treated and untreated) arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance for both potential yield (YP) and stress yield (YS) indicated significant differences among fifty genotypes. Also, significant differences were observed among faba bean genotypes regarding seven soil acidity stress indices. Based on the YP, the genotypes Moti, CS20DK, EKLS/CSR02010-4-3, Cool-0024 and EH07023-3, had the highest yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes CS20DK, Obse, Wolki, Didi’a and Dosha displayed the highest yield under stressed condition. In terms of grain yield (g/5plants) CS20DK was ranked 2nd and 1st with 113.24g and 79.56g under non-stressed and stressed, respectively. However, based on the overall performances of multiple stress indices (YI, STI, MP, GMP, HM, SSI and RYR) Wolki, Dosha and Obse were confirmed as soil acidity stress tolerant genotypes whereas Wayu was identified as the most sensitive genotype. The STI, MP, GMP and HM indices exhibited strong correlation with YP, while YI showed strong correlation with YS indicating YS can discriminate soil acidity tolerant genotypes with high grain yield under stress conditions. Hence, use of multiple stress indices confirms the performance consistency of the genotypes considered for the stress.
Taking all these into account, it is important to increase the fertility of the soil from the erosion process in Ismayilli and to prevent the washing of fodder crops from perennial herbs. The cultivation of these plants in the mountainous regions protects the slopes from the terrible erosion process and provides the animals with a strong fodder. It is proved by the results of the research that restoration of fertility and ecological balance of erosion lands and the implementation of soil-agro-technical measures to increase productivity are of great importance. Due to the application of these measures, I, as a result of improving the water and physical properties of the affected land, prevent surface water flows. In addition, the results of the study have been proven by the fact that, for certain reason, erosion and erosion hazards are most likely to be taken over by the sowing of perennial herbs. Thus, perennial herbs, in particular, accumulate the nitrogen atmosphere of the legumes, enriches the soil with organic matter, accelerates the formation of water-resistant granular - topical structure and improves its water-physical properties, which in turn facilitates the rapid digestion of foodstuffs.
Impact of organic and conventional practices on, soil health and crop yield u...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study was carried out to evaluate the improvement of soil fertility and crop yield using formulated organic fertilizers in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) from October 2008 to April 2015 and the test crop was tomato, eggplant, cabbage and cauliflower. The physicochemical properties, behavior and persistence of plant beneficial microorganisms including nitrogen fixing bacteria, (e.g. Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp.), phosphate solubilizing bacteria e.g. (Bacillus sp. Pseudomonas sp., Phosphobacteria), Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma sp., in the amended/ non-amended block were evaluated each year. The soil beneficial microbial populations and health properties including pH, nitrogen content, organic matter, phosphorus, K, Ca, and S, increased significantly in the compost-amended soils compared to the conventional practices. The total nitrogen (N) content and the organic matter of compost amended soil were 215% and 200% higher respectively than that of conventional practices (CP). Furthermore, significant increase of available organic matter, N, P, & K was observed in the compost-amended soils compared to conventional and control block. Furthermore, microbial population showed significant linear correlations with the organic matter contents of the soils and yearly vegetables yield increased gradually and was reached to almost identical to conventional field within 5 years, implying that the soil amended with BIOFER compost increased the soil fertility, and vegetables yields. Thus, application of BAOFER compost at the rate of 15 t/ha/year was found adequate in improving the vegetable yields and soil health in open field cultivation under subtropical climatic conditions.
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
Nutrient budgets are becoming accepted tools to describe nutrient flows within cropping system and to assist in the planning of the rotational cropping and mixed farming system
Depending on the farm management and the balance of inputs and outputs of nutrient N,P and K budgets have been shown to range from deficit to surplus in cropping system
Budgets are the outcome of simple nutrient accounting process which details all the inputs and outputs to a given defined system over fixed period of time
A soil surface nutrient budget accounts for all nutrients that enter the soil surface and leave the soil through crop uptake.
Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some Medicin...Premier Publishers
Medicinal plants are nutrient demanding plants for normal growth and to produce higher yield. The aim of this review is to assess and indicate the role of plant nutrients both organic and inorganic in some medicinal plants. Inorganic and/or organic fertilizers are needed to meet inadequate soil nutrients and the declining of soil fertility as a result of continuous cultivation. Maintaining soil organic matter concentration above the threshold level is critical for improving soil quality. A careful combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is widely recognized strategy of integrated nutrient management to sustain agronomic productivity and improve soil fertility. The effects of organic fertilization and combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer on crop growth and soil fertility depend on the application rates and the nature of fertilizers used. Interestingly, applications of organic fertilizers to plants have been reported to increase the presence of bioactive compounds and antioxidants in them. On the other hand, inorganic fertilizers are crucial to increase the yield of medicinal plants like roselle within a short period of time. Most of the research conducted in plant nutrient demand for medicinal plants reported that integrated nutrient management for continuous and sustainable production of medicinal crop is necessary to gain quality products.
Balanced fertilizer use refers to application of essential plant nutrients in optimum quantities and in right proportional through appropriate method and time of application suited for a specific crop and agronomic situation.
Aims of Balanced Fertilization:
a) Increasing crop yield,
b) Improving quality of the produce ,
c) Increasing farm income,
d) Correction of inherent soil nutrient deficiencies and toxicities
e) Maintaining or improving lasting soil fertility,.
f) Reduces environmental hazards
Why to use phytoremediation?
Solar-driven Sustainable green technology improves air quality and sequesters greenhouse gases.
Controls erosion, runoff, infiltration, and fugitive dust emissions
Passive and in-situ.
Applicable to remote locations, potentially without utility access
Can be used to supplement other remediation approaches or as a polishing step.
Can be used to identify and map contamination.
Lower maintenance, resilient, and self-repairing.
Provides restoration and land reclamation during clean up and upon completion. Can be cost competitive.
Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. Many agricultural soils of the world are deficient in one or more of the essential nutrients to support healthy and productive plant growth. Efficiency can be defined in many ways and easily increased food production could be achieved by expanding the land area under crops and by increasing yields per unit area through intensive farming. Environmental nutrient use efficiency can be quite different than agronomic or economic efficiency and maximizing efficiency may not always be effective. Worldwide, elemental deficiencies for essential macro and micro nutrients and toxicities by Al, Mn, Fe, S, B, Cu, Mo, Cr, Cl, Na, and Si have been reported.
Soil Nutrient Availability and Enzyme Activities under Wheat-Green gram Crop ...Pravash Chandra Moharana
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rock phosphate (RP) enriched rice straw compost, FYM
and inorganic fertilizers on changes in nutrient availability and enzyme activities in soil during different
physiological growth stages under a wheat-green gram crop rotation in an Inceptisol. The matured RP
enriched compost contained higher bioavailable P as well as total P content compared to farmyard manure.
Data revealed that application of inorganic fertilizers and RP enriched compost or FYM either alone or in
combination resulted in significant build-up in soil organic carbon, mineral N, Olsen-P and NH4OAc-K as
well as enzyme activities compared to unfertilized control plots during different physiological growth stages
of wheat and green gram. Plot receiving 50% NPK+RP enriched compost resulted in 100.8, 95.2 and 100.0
per cent greater build-up in Olsen-P over unfertilized control in crown root initiation (CRI), flowering and
maturity stage of wheat, respectively. Irrespective of treatments, build-up of mineral N, Olsen-P and NH4OAc-
K decreased in all the growth stages of green gram as compared to values obtained in wheat. The
dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities (alkaline and acid) were higher in flowering stage than maturity
and CRI stages of wheat. While, higher enzyme activities were obtained during pod formation in green
gram. The results demonstrated that enriched compost could be prepared using low-grade RP with rice straw
and used as an alternate nutrient source for improving crop yields, maintaining soil nutrient availability and
enzyme activities.
Similar to Improving Fruit Quality and Nutritional Value of Deglet Nour dates subjected to Salt Stress by using Phospho-Potassium Fertilization (Biskra south-east of Algeria
Effect of Aloe Vera wastes on physico-chemical properties and microbiological...IJEABJ
The aim of the present study was to explore the potential for using aloe vera wastes as amendment for soil to improve its fertility. Soil was exposed to four concentrations of aloin (rich in HAP) for 0, 7, 14 and 28 days. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed: soil Ph, organic matter (OM), nitrogen, phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The activity of seven enzymes implicated in the C, N and S cycles were measured. Microbial Biomass was determined by the method of substrate induced respiration. BiologEcoplates (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) were used to estimate soil microbial functional diversity. Our findings suggested a decrease on phosphorus and nitrogen content and an increase on CEC after aloin addition. Also, a decrease on microbial biomass and enzymes activities was observed, except for FDA. Ecoplates results demonstrate a decrease on microbial activities depending on the incubation time. Moreover, our results indicated that bacterial communities of the tested soils have more affinity to consume substrates as Amino acids and polymers. Our results should be carefully considered in view of the agriculture waists reuse for a sustainable agriculture
Reaction of Elite Faba Bean Genotypes for Soil Acidity StressAI Publications
Soil acidity is one of the major abiotic stresses in Ethiopian highland agriculture that limits crop production in general and a prime factor of faba bean production in particular. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of soil acidity stress on grain yield of 50 faba bean genotypes of which 22 were released varieties. The experiment was comprised two stress levels (lime treated and untreated) arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance for both potential yield (YP) and stress yield (YS) indicated significant differences among fifty genotypes. Also, significant differences were observed among faba bean genotypes regarding seven soil acidity stress indices. Based on the YP, the genotypes Moti, CS20DK, EKLS/CSR02010-4-3, Cool-0024 and EH07023-3, had the highest yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes CS20DK, Obse, Wolki, Didi’a and Dosha displayed the highest yield under stressed condition. In terms of grain yield (g/5plants) CS20DK was ranked 2nd and 1st with 113.24g and 79.56g under non-stressed and stressed, respectively. However, based on the overall performances of multiple stress indices (YI, STI, MP, GMP, HM, SSI and RYR) Wolki, Dosha and Obse were confirmed as soil acidity stress tolerant genotypes whereas Wayu was identified as the most sensitive genotype. The STI, MP, GMP and HM indices exhibited strong correlation with YP, while YI showed strong correlation with YS indicating YS can discriminate soil acidity tolerant genotypes with high grain yield under stress conditions. Hence, use of multiple stress indices confirms the performance consistency of the genotypes considered for the stress.
Wastes produced from sugarcane industries are organic in nature, and it augmented the soil properties as well as improves crop yield and quality. In 2016 field experiment was conducted to investigate effect of filter cake and bagasse for nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency of upland rice grown on calcareous sodic soils of Amibara District. The result revealed that plant nutrient use efficiency indices agronomic efficiency, agrophysiological efficiency and apparent recovery efficiency of both nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the application of filter cake and bagasse. The maximum nitrogen was recovered at 20 t ha-1 filter cake followed by combined application of 10 t ha-1 bagasse + 20 t ha-1 FC that gave 45.10 % from kg quantity of nitrogen uptake per unit of kg nutrient applied. But, the minimum nitrogen recovery efficiency was recorded at 20 t ha-1 bagasse + 20 t ha-1 filter cake. The Phosphorus apparent recovery efficiency ranged from 18.55- 32.91 %. The interaction of filter cake with bagasse also highly significantly (P < 0.01) affected rice grain yield. It can be encouraged to use these wastes with combination of inorganic chemical fertilizers under various cropping systems to enhance nutrient availability to plant under calcareous sodic soil.
Abstract— An experiment was carried out at Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki to evaluate the effect of biochar on soil chemical properties, carbon storage and maize performance in an Ultisoil in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments replicated five times. Data collected were analysed using the General Linear Model of SAS software in RCBD and significant difference dictated using F-LSD. Soil samples were collected and analysed for organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, available P, exchangeable bases and exchangeable acidity while crop performance measured were maize height and maize grain yield. Results of the study showed that biochar amended plots had significant (P < 0.05) higher organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, available P, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, carbon storage, maize height and maize grain yield than control. Also, there was an increase in the magnitude of the parameters with an increase in the rate of biochar applied. This study recommends that biochar should be used as soil amendments to increase soil productivity and carbon storage in the soil to reduce the amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere.
Impact of crop rotation on mycorrhizal fungi in irrigated soils of the Doukka...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study has been conducted on the soils of irrigated perimeter of Doukkala. It is to assess the impact of the rotation of a species not mycotrophic (Beta vulgaris) with cereals on the natural resources of the mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi whose profits for the growth of plants are known. The results obtained show that this type of culture has a negative effect on the richness of the soil in spores and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi, and on the content of arbuscules which are the places of exchanges between the partners. The authors offer recommendations on cultivation practices which can be modulated in order to preserve this natural resource.
Effect of Soil Salinity on Growth of Millet in Lysimeter Experimentiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Changes in Selected Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yields as Affected by ...IJEAB
The study was conducted at Abakaliki to determine the changes in selected soil physical properties and maize yields as affected by animal wastes application in Abakaliki southeastern Nigeria in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatment replicated five times. The treatments were poultry droppings at 5 tha-1 (PD), cow dung at 5 tha-1 (CD), mixture of PD + CD at 5 tha-1 and control (C) – non application of amendment. Bulk density, total porosity, moisture content, aggregate stability and mean weight diameter were determine in the laboratory using appropriate procedure while plant height, leaf area index and grain yield were also, measured in the field using recommended methods. The results showed positive changes in selected soil physical properties and maize yield in the two cropping seasons with the application of animal wastes. Also, improvement in soil physical properties and maize yields were higher in the second cropping season when compared to the first cropping season. Poultry dropping is recommended for farmers to use as fertilizer in maize production because plots treated with poultry droppings recorded the highest maize grain yield in the two cropping season than other treatments.
Impact of wastewater irrigation on major nutrient status in soil near Bhaluka...AbdullaAlAsif1
The population increase has not only increased the fresh water demand but also increased the volume of wastewater generated. Treated or recycled wastewater (RWW) appears to be the only water resource that is increasing as other sources are dwindling. Increasing need for water has resulted in the emergence of domestic wastewater application for agriculture and its relative use. The present study was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2013 to evaluate the contribution of wastewater to major soil nutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B and Na) and fluctuation in physicochemical properties of soil (soil pH and Ec) from waste carrying canal at 10 selected sites of Bhaluka Upazila. Three (3) soil samples were collected at 0, 30 and 60 m distances from the waste discharging canals. The pH, EC, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, B and Na in soil samples decreased gradually with the increase of distance from waste discharging canal. Maximum concentrations of N at 60 and 0m distance varied from 8400 to 9700, P from 1850 to 5000, K from 4600 to 6000, S from 2000 to 4000, Ca from 7500 to 28800, Mg from 7500 to 7800, B from 90 to 2800 and Na from 2300 to 3100 μg g-1 in test soil.The results showed better nutrient status of the soil along waste discharge canals. The findings give applicable advice to commercial farmers and agricultural researchers for proper management and use of treated industrial wastewater for agricultural purpose.
Determination of the Optimum Sulphur Fertilizer Rate for Groundnut Production...AI Publications
Laboratory studies and pot Experiments were carried out to determine the optimum sulphur (S)fertilizer rate for groundnut production in selected soils of Benue state using sorption indices. Surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected for sorption studies and pot experiments. The sorption study was carried out by shaking known concentrations of S (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mgkg-1) with 5g soil sample. The suspension was filtered and the amount of S in solution determined. The amount of sulphatesorbed was estimated as the difference between equilibrium sulphate concentration and initial sulphate added. Data from the sorption study was fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich sorption equations. Thereafter a pot experiment was carried out with six levels of solution sulphate concentration to determine the optimum S concentration for yield of groundnut and the amount of sulphur fertilizer required to achieve this concentration in the soil under study. Result show that both soils have the capacity to sorb sulphur. The sorption maxima, buffering capacity and binding energy of the soils under study are 70.66 mgkg-1, 15.81mg kg-1, 0.22 dm3 mg-1 and 117.84 mgkg1, 9.83 mg kg-1,0.08 dm3 kg-1 for Aliade and Daudu soils respectively.The highest yield in Aliade soil was obtained with 6 mg kg-1 S while 12 mg kg-1 S gave the highest yield in Daudu soil. Aliadeand Daudu soils would require 57.41 and 23.69 kg ha-1S respectively to maintain 12 mg/kg and 9mg/kg of S in the soil solution. Hence for groundnut production in Aliade soil, 57.41 kg S ha-1 is recommended while for the Daudu soil, 23.69 kg S ha-1 is recommended.
Seed management’s influences on nodulation and yield of improved variety of s...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A pot study was carried out on an improved soybean variety (TGX 1448-2E) to assess the effects of seed management on its nodulation and yield. The experiment was in factorial combinations with six replicates at the teaching and research farm of University of Abuja. The factors were 2 soils, 2 levels of phosphorus fertilizer (-P and + P), and 2 seed sources (farmer’s and researcher’s managed seeds). P was applied as triple superphosphate at 30 kg P ha-1. Destructive sampling was done at 8 weeks after planting to record growth parameters and nodulation. At maturity, the number and weight of pods, weight of 50 seeds and total seed yield were recorded. The results showed that generally researchers’ managed seeds showed a significantly higher mean values than farmers’ managed seeds. The pod and total seed weight from researchers’ seeds were 106.26 g and 52.43 g per plant respectively against the farmers’ managed seed with pod weight of 80.23 g and total seed weight of 44.35 g per plant. P application influenced significantly the weight of nodules, pods and seeds per plant. This significant lower performance observed in farmers’ managed seeds could have resulted from factors such poor seed handling or mix up during harvesting or storage, poor quality seed selection for planting.
A comparative study on the response of six maize hybrids: two
hybrids each from the 1980s (8321-21 and 8425-8), 1990s (9801-11 and 9803-2)
and 2000s (0103-11 and 0103-15) to sub-optimal and optimal nitrogen fertilization
was conducted in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria. The trials were set up in a split plot with three
nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 90 kg N ha-1) as a main plot and six hybrids as sub-plots.
Significant interactions were observed between hybrid and N level for all
characters, with increasing in variation as the level of N decreased. Mean grain
yield reductions across eras were 73.8% at no-N and 32.6% at low-N, and those of
optimal-N fertilization were 34.3% and 15.7% for 1980s and 1990s genotypes
respectively. Depending on N treatment, grain yield varied from 0.67 to 4.89 t ha-1.
Kernel number was most severely reduced by N stress, but had positive and highly
significant (p≤0.01) correlation with grain yield at all N levels. Genetic gains in
grain yield were 42% (between 1980 and 2000 eras) and 9% (between 1990 and
2000 eras) under optimal-N fertilization. The two modern hybrids of 2000 era
(0103-11 and 0103-15) were outstanding for all the agronomic traits and leaf
chlorophyll concentration at all N levels. Improving traits associated with fertilizer
N response could accelerate rate of genetic gains in maize yields.
Evolution of soil fertility of two experimental plots under Lippia multiflora...AI Publications
The development of a growing system involves knowledge of soil quality and key aspects relating to planting density among others. In general, the understanding and definition of sustainable soil fertility management practices is necessary in enabling better use of soil resources and ultimately improvement of crop productivity. This study was conducted in the communities of Toumodi and Azaguie to assess the influence of The Lippia multiflora culture on the initial soil characteristics depending on the study site and planting density. At each of the study sites and ten (10) months after planting, twelve (12) pedoological pits, 60 cm x 50 cm x 60 cm, were opened in the immediate environment of the Lippia multiflora plants, at the plots of density treatments 4444 plants.ha-1, 20000 plants.ha-1 and 40,000 plants.ha-1, at the rate of three (3) profiles per treatment. A total of thirty-two (32) composite soil samples were collected per study site at the level of the different treatments, i.e. sixteen (16) samples per layer considered, equivalent to four (4) samples per treatment. The results obtained indicate that; after ten (10) months of cultivation, there was at the 0 - 20 cm layers of the soil, of each of the experimental plots, a decrease in the content of clay, organic matter and basic cations as well as acidification soil with planting density, particularly at the Azaguié experimental site. Most of the roots are found in the 0-30 cm layer. The results of this study will play a key role in coming up with technical innovations aimed at improving soil fertility management and agronomic performance of Lippia multiflora-based cultivation system development.
Green waste compost with wood ash additive improves physico-chemical and biol...AI Publications
A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the potential of green waste wood ash compost on a tropical acid soil. Four types of compost (prepared with 0, 5, 10 and 15% of wood ash prior composting) were used to amend an Oxisol from the centre region of Cameroon. The different composts were mixed with the soil in 1/4 proportions (w/w); the experimental design was a completely randomized block with three replicates per treatment. The different treatments were planted with soybean (Glycine max L.) for three month growing period. Compost amendment increased the soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Bacterial and fungal biomass together with cellulase and protease activities also increased in amended soil. Following soil chemical, physical and chemical parameters, plant growth and yield also improved in compost treated sols. However, compost prepared with 15% wood ash additive showed trends of inhibition of the soil microbiota. It can be concluded that green waste wood ash compost could be used as a suitable soil fertilizer for tropical acid soils, although precautions are to be taken when using these composts prepared with addition of wood ash ≥ 15%.
Similar to Improving Fruit Quality and Nutritional Value of Deglet Nour dates subjected to Salt Stress by using Phospho-Potassium Fertilization (Biskra south-east of Algeria (20)
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Improving Fruit Quality and Nutritional Value of Deglet Nour dates subjected to Salt Stress by using Phospho-Potassium Fertilization (Biskra south-east of Algeria
1. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-7, Issue-9, September- 2021]
Page | 43
Improving Fruit Quality and Nutritional Value of Deglet Nour
dates subjected to Salt Stress by using Phospho-Potassium
Fertilization (Biskra south-east of Algeria)
Ouamane Rim1*
, Reguieg Yssaad Houcine Abdelhakim2
, Masmoudi Ali3
1
Department of Agronomy, University of Mostaganem (UMAB), Mostaganem, Algeria
2
Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem (UMAB), Mostaganem, Algeria
3
Department of agronomy, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
*Corresponding Author: BP 300 Mostaganem - 2700, ALGERIA
Abstract— A field study was carried out during the two consecutive years (2015-2016) in the region of Biskra, southern east
of Algeria on date palms of Deglet-Nour variety, grown in a salty environment. To study the combined effect of salinity and
phospho-potassium fertilization on the quality and nutritional value of dates, two sites of different salinity, occupied by 54
date palms variety Deglet-Nour has been selected. The palms were fertilized by receiving three doses of potassium (0, 2 and
3 kg / palm) as potassium sulphate K2SO4 (50%) combined with three levels of phosphorus (0, 1 and 2 kg / palm) as
superphosphate (TSP 46%). The results revealed that applying 2 kg of potassium/palm in an excessively salty environment
and 3 kg/palm in a low or unsalted environment associated to 1 kg of phosphorus in the two different cases of salinity of the
two sites S1 and S2 improving the fruit traits.
Keywords— Salinity, dates, date palm, quality of dates, phosphorus, potassium.
I. INTRODUCTION
The problem of salinity is multiple, because in addition to the toxicity of Na+
and Cl-
ions (dissolved in the irrigation water or
present in the soil solution) and the perturbations of the mineral nutrition (following the interactions between ions), plants
have difficulty absorbing soil water because of its high osmotic pressure, and this is justified by water stress in addition to
salt stress, thus complicating and altering their physiological state exponentially and causing multiple perturbations on the
metabolism, growth and development of plants at the molecular, biochemical and physiological levels (Winicov 1998
Munns 2002, Tester and Davenport 2003).
In arid regions in addition to drought and heat that inhibits growth and productivity of the date palm saline stress mainly
affects its vitality. Furr (1975) reported that it is evident that the date palm is more salt tolerant than barley and that it can be
the most salt-tolerant of all cultivated plants but increasing soil salinity is beginning to have a negative impact on the agro-
ecosystem of date palm in the arid region, particularly in the Middle East (Dakheel, 2005). In Algeria in the Ziban oases
(Biskra region) mismanagement of irrigation and drainage water has detrimental consequences on the phoenicultural
environment (Munier, 1973), it has led to soil salinization, falling yields and poor-quality dates (Dutil, 1971; Dubost, 1991).
Relative yields become null if the farmer uses salted soils by the usual method and it allows to obtain some harvests, but
extremely low and of poor quality because of the salt content.
In the context of improving fruit quality and the nutritional value of Deglet Nour dates, phospho-potassium fertilization is
considered an important factor that affects fruit quality and date palm productivity.
The objective of this study is to spatialize salinity, characterize soil in an irrigated palm grove and then adapt a phospho-
potassium fertilization program aimed at improving the production and quality of Deglet-Nour dates grown in saline soil.
Received:- 10 September 2021/ Revised:- 18 September 2021/ Accepted:- 23 September 2021/ Published: 30-09-2021
Copyright @ 2021 International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted
Non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-7, Issue-9, September- 2021]
Page | 44
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was conducted during the successive seasons of 2015 and 2016 in private orchard with an area of 21, 90 ha
located in Biskra in the southern east of Algeria (Fig.1).
For this purpose, the salinity map was established to study the spatial distribution of salinity in the orchard to select the
suitable site for the study. The thematic map of the "CE" is interpolated with spatial analyst of Surfer 14 (Golden
Software, LLC) (Fig.2).
To meet the objectives of our study, it was necessary to locate two sites S1 and S2 of different salinity class in the same
plot (from the established salinity map):
Site S1: Soil salinity> 16 dS/m, occupied by 27 palms.
Site S2: Soil salinity between (4-8 dS/m), occupied by 27 palms (uniform as possible, healthy of any infection, subjected to
the same cultural practices, palm tree were planted at spacing 9x9 meters apart and irrigated by drip system.
The palm was fertilized with superphosphate (46%) as a source of phosphorus and potassium sulphate (K2SO4 50%) as a
source of potassium. The soil analysis of the two studied sites is presented in Table 1.
Nine soil application treatments were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates (1replicate = 1 palm)
per treatment (i.e :1x3x9 =27), the treatments were as follow:
The treatments were added in either one dose to a depth of 40 cm from the soil surface and 50 cm apart from the palm trunk.
FIGURE 1: Location of the study plot (Extract from Google Earth)
FIGURE 2: Salinity map of the study area (Interpolation of the EC)
T1: unfertilized tree (control),
T2: 0kg K + 1kg P
T3 : 0kg K + 2kg
T4 : 2kg K + 0kg P
T5: 2kg K + 1kg P
T6: 2kg K + 2kg P
T7: 3kg K + 0kg P
T8: 3kg K + 1kg P
T9: 3kg K + 2kg P.
3. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-7, Issue-9, September- 2021]
Page | 45
TABLE 1
SOIL AND IRRIGATION WATER ANALYSIS OF THE TWO EXPERIMENTAL SITES
Properties Site S1 (EC Soil> 16dS/m) Site S2 (EC Soil 4-8dS/m)
pH 7.98 7.96
Na( meq/l) 37.3 6.87
Ca( meq/l) 6.8 11.06
Mg (meq/l) 30.53 24.2
K (meq/l) 2.06 0.6
Cl (meq/l) 67.33 7.66
SO4 (meq/l) 17.78 12.56
HCO3( meq/l) 2.5 1.5
Gypsum% 60.10 57.33
Total calcareous % 13.01 9.45
OM% 0.53 1.19
EC irrigation water (ds/m) 5.5
2.1 Chemical characteristics of fruits
A sample of 20 mature dates for each replicate was used to determine the chemical characteristics of the fruits. The fruits
were cut into pieces with a clean knife; five grams were taken from fresh fruits to extract reducing sugars with water at 85°C
and 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid to extract total sugar (Barbin, 2006). The percentage of reducing sugar and the amount of total
carbohydrates were determined according to AOAC (1995). Acidity (as malic acid) was determined according to AOAC
(1995).
2.2 Moisture and mineral elements of fruits
A sample of 20 fruits from each replicate was taken and washed with tap water, rinsed twice in distilled water cut into small
pieces with a clean knife. Then, an amount of the fresh sample was weighed (fresh weight) and dried at a constant weight (g)
in an air-drying oven at 70°C and weighed (dry weight). The moisture of the fruit was calculated as follows:
𝑀 % =
𝑀1−𝑀2
𝑃
× 100 (1)
Dried fruits were digested with H2O2 and H2SO4 according to Evanhuis and Waard (1980). Phosphorus was determined by
ascorbic acid using the method of Murphy and Riley (1962). Potassium was determined with a flame photometer.
2.3 Statistical analyses
The data were processed by the analysis of variance technique (ANOVA) by Xlstat 2016 (Addinsoft, 2016, data analysis and
statistical solution for Microsoft Excel). Treatment averages were separated and compared using significant differences at
0.05 level of significance according to Snedecor and Cochran (1989).
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results obtained show the positive impact of phospho-potassium fertilization on chemical parameters by increasing levels
of total and reducing sugar in both sites compared to control date palms (Figures 5.6, 7, 8, 9, and 10)
However, the differences are not significant between the treated date palms and the control, and this explains why the
response of palms to nutrients may not be clear in the first years of addition, and this is even more so as trees that have not
been fertilized for a fairly long time are beginning to normalize and compensate for nutritional deficiencies and then show
the good effect of fertilization (Ibrahim, 2008).
André (1994) noted that in very poor soil, do not try to correct these soils quickly, poor soil quickly captures nutrients like a
sponge but its redistribution to plants is not as fast and is partial. The example of phosphorus is the most demonstrative in
this regard; it is better to make corrections over several years than over one or two years.
Similar results were found by Hussein et al (1977) on the Khunaizi and Sukkari varieties, by Bacha et al (1982) on the
Khudari variety and by Furr et al (1955) on the Deglet Noor date variety. These same authors confirmed that the quality of
4. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-7, Issue-9, September- 2021]
Page | 46
the fruit of palm trees fertilized by mineral fertilizers was not significantly different from that of the control date palm. On
the other hand Harhash (2000), El-Shazly (1999), Bliss and Mathez (1983), Sinclair et al (1981) obtained the same results
and reported the desirable effect of the different levels of phosphorus and potassium in the formation of sugars.
However, these results do not agree with those of Al kharusi et al (2009), Saleh (2009), Dialami and Mohebi (2010) who
reported that the acidity of dates is positively affected by the application of fertilizing elements.
FIGURE 3: Total sugar levels of dates in both study
dates in both study seasons
FIGURE 4: Reducing Sugar levels of seasons
FIGURE 5: Water content of dates in both study
seasons
FIGURE 6: Acidity level of dates in both study
seasons
FIGURE 7: Phosphorus levels of dates in both study
seasons
FIGURE 8: Potassium level in both study seasons
5. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-7, Issue-9, September- 2021]
Page | 47
3.1 Moisture and mineral elements
The results obtained show a significant increase in the fruit's water content during the second year, which shows the effect of
mineral fertilization on date palm from the second year.
The contribution of 2 kg of potassium sulphate and 1 kg of phosphorus (TSP) in the site S1 coincides with extremely high
moisture level of 30%, while the contribution of 3 kg of potassium sulphate and 1 kg of phosphorus (TSP) to site S2 has
moisture level of 28%. These results are similar or higher than those reported by other researchers in other countries (Al-
Shahib et Marshall, 2003; Aidoo et al, 1996; Ahmed et al, 1995; Youssif et al, 1989).
The results obtained indicate a significant increase in the concentration of phosphorus contained in dates during the second
season in the two sites studied; but no significant difference in phosphorus concentration is found between the two salinity
classes; on the other hand, statistical analyses show a significant difference between the treatments on phosphorus
concentration, the highest value is marked by the T7 treatment in site S1 with 0.65% followed by the T7 and T9 treatments in
site S2 with 0.57%. The results also show that phosphorus concentration in fruits increased significantly after potassium
sulphate contribution, these results are in agreement with those obtained by Kassem (2012), Kassem et al (1997) and
Epstein, (1972) who reported that the content of N, P,K, Fe, Zn in leaves and fruits increases through the application of
potassium which strongly influences nutrient absorption and the translocation and distribution of other cations. The T9
treatment shows a concentration equal to that obtained by the T7 treatment in the S2 site, which may explain why the plant
uses the minimum of the phosphorus brought by the fertilizers compared to the reserve phosphorus in the soil (Anonymous,
1985); it also appears that the addition of potassium stimulates the absorption of reserve phosphorus compared to the
phosphorus of the fertilizer compared to the phosphorus of the fertilizer which is exposed to precipitation reaction stresses in
the alkaline and calcic medium hence the need to use fertilizer phosphorus in the low-salt environment.
The potassium analysis results showed a significant decrease in the potassium level in the fruits during the second season and
this can be explained by the incomplete maturation of the dates and by the role of this element in the complete maturation of
the fruits.
IV. CONCLUSION
It is therefore necessary to emphasize that date palms, like other trees, need to be fertilized, especially since the palm tree
needs nutrients continuously without any specific period, because its growth continues throughout year. At the end of this
study, we were able to highlight the effect of phospho-potassium fertilization in improving date quality as an integrated
action to minimize the consequences of different constraints.
The quality of the dates obtained in this study complies with the criteria for the qualitative evaluation of dates of Algerian,
Moroccan, Tunisian, Egyptian and Iraqi cultivars reported by Rygg, (1953);Meligi and Sourial, (1982) and Mohamed et
al, (1983); Rayens et al (1994);Othman (1995).
To improve the quality and nutritional value of the fruits, it is recommended to apply 2kg of potassium sulphate/palm in an
excessively salty environment and 3kg/palm in a non-salty environment with 1 kg of phosphorus in both situations.
REFERENCES
[1] Ahmed IA, Ahmed AWK, Robinson R.K (1995). Chemical composition of date varieties as influenced by the stage of ripening. Food
Chemistry, 54(2): 305–309.
[2] Aidoo K.E; Tester R.F; Morrison J.E, Macfarlane D (1996). The composition and microbial quality of pre-packed dates purchased in
Grater Glasgow. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 31(1): 433–438.
[3] Al -Shahib W, Marshall R .J (2003). Dietary fibre content of dates from 13 varieties of date palm phoenix Dactylifera .L.
International journal of food Science and Nutrition technology, 37:719-721.
[4] Al-Kharusi L.M; Elmardi M.O; Ali A; Al-Julanda.F; AL-Said L; Abdelbasit K; AL-Alpha J.M; Chen. J and Zhang G; (2009). Effect
of nitrogen fertilizer forms on growth, photosynthesis, and yield of rice under cadmium stress. J. Plant Nutrition,32 (2): 306-317.
[5] Anonyme (1985). La fertilisation. Fédération nationale de l’industrie des engrais.
[6] Bacha M.A, Abo-Hassan A.A (1982). Effects of soil fertilization on yield, fruit quality and mineral content of khudari date palm
variety; first symposium on date palm Arabia Saudi,174-179.
[7] Bliss E, Mathez E. (1983). The Arkell date garden fertilizer experiments. Date growers Institute, (22): 25-33.
[8] Booij I, Piombog, Risterucci J.M, Coupe M, Thomas D, Merry (1992). Study on the chemical composition of dates at different stages
of maturity for the varietal characterization of various cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Fruits, (47): 667-678
[9] Broschat T.K. (1999). Nutrition and fertilization of palms. Palms, (43):73-76.
6. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-7, Issue-9, September- 2021]
Page | 48
[10] Burton W.G. (1982). Postharvest physiology of food crops. Longman, New York.
[11] Dakheel A. (2005). Date Palm Tree and Biosaline Agriculture in the United Arab Emirates.In: The Date Palm: From Traditional
Resource to Green Wealth. UAE Center of Studies and Strategy Research, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 247-263
[12] Dialami H.A, Mohebih (2010). Increasing yield and fruit quality of date palm ‘Sayer’ with application of nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium optimum levels. Acta- Horticulturae, (882): 353- 360.
[13] Dubost D,1991. Ecologie, aménagement et développement agricole des oasis algériennes. Thèse Doct, Université François Rabelais,
Tours.
[14] Dutil P,1971. Contribution à l'étude des sols et des paléosols du Sahara. Thèse d'état, Fac. Sci. Univ. de Strasbourg,[8] :346 p.
[15] El-Shazly S.M, Abdel-Nasser G,1999. Response of Picual Olive Trees to Potassium and Boron Fertigation 2. Fruit set, Yield, Oil
Content, Water Use-Efficiency and Fruit Quality. J. Adv. Agric. Res, 6[3]: 651-669.
[16] Epsteine,1972. Mineral nutrition of Plants- Principles and Perspective. John Wiley and Sons. Inc. New York.
[17] Furr J.R,1975. Water and salinity problems of Abadan Island date gardens. Date Growers’Inst. Rept. (52):14-17.
[18] Furr J.R,1975. Water and salinity problems of Abadan Island date gardens. Date Growers’Inst. Rept. (52):14-17
[19] Furr J.R; Currline C; Hilgemanr H, Reuther W,1955. An irrigation and fertilization experiment with Deglet Noor dates. Date
Growers' Inst. Rep. (8):17-20.
[20] Harhash M.M,2000. Effect of Fruit Thinning and Potassium Fertilization on ‘Seewy’ Date Palms Grown at Siwa Oasis. J. Adv. Agric.
Res; 5(3):1519-1531.
[21] Hussein F.S; Moustaf A.F; Ei-Samiraie M, Mahdi,1977. Effect of Nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and fruit quality of dates
grown in Saudi Arabia. Res. Bull. No. 12. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Research and Development Department, Saudi Arabia
[22] Kassem H.A,2012. The response of date palm to calcareous soil fertilization. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 12 (1): 45-
58.
[23] Kassem H.A; El-Shabrout M.B, Attia M.M,1997. Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on yield fruitquality and leaf mineral
content in some Egyptian soft date varieties. Alex. Journal of Agricultural Research. 42(1): 137-157.
[24] Meligi M.A, Sourial G.F. (1982). Fruit quality and general evaluation of some Iraqi date palm cultivars grown under conditions of
barrage region. Ed .First symposium on the date palm, 23-25 March, 212 – 220, Saudi-Arabia.
[25] Mengel K, Kirkby E,1978. Principles of plant nutrition International Potash Institute,Worblaufen-Bern, Switzerland, 419-431.
[26] Mohamed Vall O; Mohamed Ahmedab; Zein Elabidine O; Bounaa;Fouteye M; Mohamed Leminea; Taleb Khyar O; Djeha Trifi
Mokhtarb; Ali O, Mohamed Salema,1983. Use of multivariate analysis to assess phenotypic diversity of date palm(Phoenix
dactylifera L.) cultivars. Soc. Hort. Sci, 127 [2011]:367–371.
[27] Munier P. (1973). Le palmier dattier. Techniques agricoles et productions tropicales. Paris : Maisonneuve et Larose.
[28] Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25(2) : 239–250. doi:10.1046/j.0016-8025.
2001.00808.x. PMID:11841667.
[29] Reynes M; Bouabidi H; Piombo G, Risterucci A.M,1994. Caractérisation des principales variétés de dattes cultivées dans la région du
Djérid en Tunisie. Fruit, 49(4),289-298
[30] Rygg G.L,1953. Factors affecting the spoilage of dates at room temperature. Annual report. Date Growers Institute, (30):10-14.
[31] Saleh J,2009. Yield and chemical composition of ‘piarom’ Date-Palm Phoenix dactylifra as affected by nitrogen and phosphorus
levels. International Journal of Plant Production (IJPP), (2): 57-64.
[32] Shabana; Hassan A.R; Abd Wahab Z, Abd Al Kader I.S,2006. Physiology and production of Date palm, protection after production.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy, 132p.
[33] Sinclair W.D; Bartholomew E.T, Bliss D.E,1981. Composition of Date as affected by soil fertilizer. University of California. Citrus
institute, (16), 11-16.
[34] Tester, M, Davenport, R.J,2003. Sodium transport and Sodium tolerance in higher plants. Ann. Bot. (Lond.), 91 : 503–527.
doi:10.1093/aob/mcg058. PMID:12646496.
[35] Winicov, I. 1998. New molecular approaches to improving salt tolerance in crop plants. Ann. Bot. (Lond.), 82(6) : 703–710.
doi:10.1006/anbo.1998.0731.
[36] Youssif A.K; Morton I.D. and Mustafa A.I,1989. Studies on date paste. I. Evaluation and Standardization. In: Proceedings of the
Second Symposium on the Date Palm in Saudi Arabia: Mars Publishing H.ouse, 85–91. King Faisal University, Al-Hassa. Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia.