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The National Education Act of 1978, as amended in 1995, governs schools in Tanzania. It establishes different categories of schools - government schools managed by the Ministry or local authorities, grant-aided community schools owned by non-government organizations but receiving government grants, and non-government schools wholly managed by non-governmental organizations. The Act also defines key terms like local government authority, manager, owner, and types of schools. It requires all schools to register with the Commissioner of Education and obtain written approval to establish a new school in accordance with the national education policy.
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The document summarizes the Italian education system. It describes the various levels, including nursery school for ages 3-6, primary school for ages 6-11 which is compulsory, and first level secondary school for ages 11-14 which is also compulsory. It then discusses high school, which students can enter after completing the first 8 years of primary and secondary education. It notes that reforms are coming to the Italian education system due to budget cuts that have decreased resources like teachers, staff, and funding, but that teachers are working to improve methods using technology and strategies, and that education remains important to Italian society and Europe.
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Describe basic elements of rural-urban migration.
Rural-urban migration refers to the movement of people from rural agricultural communities to larger urban non-agricultural communities. There are two main types of migration: internal migration within a country, and external or international migration between countries. Rural-urban migration systems involve potential migrants in rural areas being encouraged by poor rural conditions to migrate, facing rural social controls, adjusting to life in urban areas through employment opportunities, and providing feedback to encourage or discourage further migration through information channels.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The document discusses the evolving definitions and understandings of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship over time. It notes that while interest in the topic is growing, it is not a new concept and has been studied since the 18th century. There is no single agreed upon definition, but most definitions reference taking risks in pursuing new opportunities or innovations. The document also examines different perspectives on entrepreneurship from creating wealth or enterprises to driving change. It traces how understandings have changed from early entrepreneurs managing government projects to modern views of entrepreneurs as independent risk-takers who create value through new combinations.
Sociological Theories and Education
The document discusses sociological theories of education, including evolutionary, consensus, and conflict models. It also covers the process of socialization and features like its time-oriented nature and sequence of events based on Freud's stage theory of development from infancy through adolescence. The consensus model sees order arising from shared values and cooperation, while the conflict model views society as characterized by inequality, oppression, and conflict over power and resources. Educational issues are interpreted differently based on these theoretical perspectives.
Issues in Sociology of Education
This document discusses several issues in sociology of education, including the relationship between society and education, the functions and contributions of education to society, the effect of a child's social environment on learning, schools as social organizations, and the role of teachers and teaching activities. It notes that education systems are influenced by social institutions like family, church, and government. It also examines how education socializes children, transmits culture, develops skills, and promotes social goals. The role of teachers in socializing students both in and out of the classroom is explored through various models and approaches.
SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
) Define Sociology and explain its origin, development, and divisions.
2) Describe the subject matter of Sociology of Education
3) Explain the importance of Sociology to the education system
4) Explain the way in which the education system in Tanzania has been shaped by the ideas of prominent sociologists.
With examples justify why population policy a dynamic process.
1.1 Definition of key terms
1.1.1 Population
1.1.2 Policy
1.1.3 Population policy
1.1.4 Types of population policy
1.1.5 Population dynamic
Theories of management
The document discusses several theories of management including:
1) Scientific Management Theory proposed by Frederick Taylor which emphasized time-motion studies, piece-rate wages, division of labor, and functional foremanship.
2) Bureaucratic Theory proposed by Max Weber which advocated for hierarchies, rules, impersonality, and career advancement based on qualifications.
3) Administrative Management principles proposed by Henri Fayol including planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
4) Human Relations Approach advocated by Mary Parker Follett and Elton Mayo which emphasized cooperation between employers and employees, job satisfaction, and team spirit.
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The characteristics of fungi
The evolution of the fungi
Fungal classification
Fungal life cycles
Intro to microbiology and bacteriology
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. The document introduces key topics in microbiology including branches of study like bacteriology, mycology, and virology. It discusses pioneers in the field like Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Robert Koch and their important contributions. Tools and techniques used in microbiology like microscopy, staining, and culture media are also outlined. The document provides an overview of microbial taxonomy, important classification systems, and phylogenetic relationships between microbial groups.
Food
This document discusses food microbiology, including microorganisms in food and the factors that affect their growth. It also addresses food preservation methods like refrigeration, canning, and fermentation. Finally, it covers food-borne illness and several fermented foods, describing the microbial processes involved in producing items like beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese.
Dna extraction overview
To obtain DNA in a relatively purified form which can be used for further investigations, i.e. PCR, sequencing
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laws governing school act
- 1. TANZANIA LAWS GOVERNING SCHOOL (EDUCATION ACT)
- 2. National Education Act of 1978 • The Act is called National Education Act, of 1978 – (or Parliamentary Act no 25 of 1978). • It was amended in 1995 as Education (Amendment) Act of 1995 – (Parliamentary Act no 10 of 1995)
- 3. Some Terms in the Act • Local government authority means a City Council, a District Council, Municipal Council or a Town Council; • Manager in relation to any school, means a person who is responsible for the administration and management of that school or of the activities of the pupils in that school, or collection of fees. • Owner in relation to a school means the Government, local authority, a person or group of persons owning the buildings of the school.
- 4. Terms in the Act… • Government School means a school directly maintained and managed by the Ministry or a local authority; • Non-government school means a school wholly owned and maintained by a person, body of persons or any Institution other than the government. • Community School means a school owned by a local community or owned by an institution on behalf of the Community. • Local government authority school means a pre-primary school, primary school, secondary school or adult education centre under the jurisdiction of a local authority.
- 5. Terms… • School Board means a board established for the purposes of supervising and advising on the management of a post primary school. • Secondary education means formal full time education of duration of four years for Ordinary Level and two years for Advanced Level continued immediately after primary education. • Secondary school means a school providing secondary education, but where the school concerned provides secondary, primary, pre- primary and/or teacher education, reference in the Act to secondary school include that school to the extent to which it provides secondary education.
- 6. Terms… • Special ability school means a school which provides education for pupils with outstanding abilities; • Special education means the profession concerned with the arrangement of education variables dealing with the prevention, or elimination of those conditions that produce significant deficits in one or more of the leering avenues; • Special school means a school which provides education for the handicapped
- 7. Establishment of the Secondary School • No school shall be established except with the written approval of the Commissioner. • With effect from the commencement of this Act, no person shall establish a non-government school unless it is intended to provide education in accordance with the national education policy.
- 8. Registration of Secondary Schools The Commissioner of Education will keep and maintain the register of secondary schools. The register will consist of : 1. The name of the school 2. Its address, including the region in which it is situated 3. The person or body of persons responsible for its management and administration 4. The date of its establishment 5. The category, nature or level of national education which it provides and 6. Such other particulars as the Minister may, from time to time, direct.
- 9. Management and Control of Schools For the purpose of the management of schools under this Act, there shall be the following categories of schools- (a) Government schools of which shall consist all schools maintained and managed by the Ministry or local authorities. (b) Grant aided schools which shall consist of all community schools owned and managed by a non-government organizations but get grant from the government. (c) Non-government schools which shall consist of all schools wholly maintained and managed by Non-Governmental Organizations.