A complete view on the education commissions in colonial India It includes mecaulay minute woods despatch hunter commission university commission culcutta university commission hurtog committee abbot wood report zakir hussain committee sargent report

1. Education Commissions
in Colonial India

2. Commissions before Independence
• Macaulay Minute of 1853
• Woods Despatch of 1854
• Hunter Commission of 1882
• University Commission of 1902
• Culcutta University Commission 1917
• Hartog Committee of 1929
• Abbot-Wood Report of 1936-37
• Zakir Hussain Committee of 1937
• The Sargent Report of 1944

3. Macaulay Minute of 1853
When the Oriental Occidental controversy of education darkened William
Bentic, Governor General appointed Lord Macaulay to study on the
controversy in 1835.

4. Major
Recommendations
• English is a key to knowledge
• It is the language of rulers
• It would fetch renaissance in India
• Indians are eager to learn Engish
English should be the medium of
instruction.

5. Major
Recommentatios
According to Macaulay a single shelf of a
good European Library was worth the
whole native literature of India and Arabia
European literature should be taught at
educational institutions

6. Major
Recommendations
Grants Given to such regional institute
could be utilised for the spreading of
English in India.
All regional institutions should be converted
into English Education Centers

7. Major
Recommendations
No need of mass education. By educating
the upper class, it will filtered down to the
lower class peoples as it is the human
tendency to that the common folk always try
to imitate the people of higher class.
Downward Filtration Theory

8. Mecaulay Minute
Merits
• Commencement of English education
• Introduction of European literature
• Introduction of modern education
systrm
• Commencement of science education
Demerits
• Added extra fuel to the burning fire
of controversy
• Neglected regional languages
• Neglected indigineous systam
• Negkected eastern literature

9. WOODS DESPATCH OF 1854

10. Major Recommendations of Wood’s Dispatch
Vernacular language can be the medium of instruction at primary stages of
education while English should be the medium at the higher education.

11. Major Recommendations of the Wood’s Dispatch
• Separate departments of education should be established at each provinces
under a Director of Public Instructor
• Universities should be established at Bombe, Calcutta and Madras.
• Vocational schools, technical institutes and colleges should be established at
different areas of the country.

12. Major Recommendations Wood’s Dispatch
• Teacher training institutes should be established by following the model of
London.
• Special arrangements should be provided for women.
• Downward filtration theory theory is failure and education should be given
to all.

13. Hunter Commission of 1882
When the Christian missionaries continuously complained about the existing
education policy, Lord Ripen appointed a commission to study the educational
scenario under the chairmanship of William Hunter.

14. Major Recommendations Of Hunter Commission
• Primary education should be given more attention and a part of the
provincial revenue should be exclusively reserved for the development of the
education
• The district or municipal council should have freedom to design curriculum
and also the administration of primary education .
• Government should withdraw the secondary education sector by leaving
them to be organized by private agencies

15. Major Recommendations of Hunter Commission
• Private agencies should be given encouragement to come forward to run
educational institutions
• Grant in aid for education system should be on the basis of performance
and result.
• Grant in aid system should be given for private colleges too.

16. Major Recommendations Of Hunter Commission
• Scholarship should be provided for students who want to go to outside the
country for higher education
• Special care should be given for the children of backward communities like
Muslim

17. Indian University Commission - 1902
The Indian University Commission was a body appointed in 1902 on the
instructions of Lord Curzon which was intended to make recommendations
for reforms in University Education.

18. Major Recommendations of Indian University Commission
• More new universities should be established and the prevealing university
should be reorganized.
• The system of senet and syndicate of universities should be ready organized.
• Proper representation of college teachers and university professors should be
ensured in the sent.
• Affiliated colleges should be strictly supervised by the universities.

19. Major Recommendations of Indian University Commission
• Proper amendments should be made in the curriculum ND the examination
system of universities.
• Proper equipment of libraies and laboratories should be maintained.
• Universities should be appointed complete teachers to impart higher
education.
• Universities should be teaching universities.

20. Major Recommendations of Indian University
Commission
• Properly selected and constituted governing bodies should be there for
colleges.
• Deserved and minority students should awarded scholarships.
• A minimum rate of fee for college students should be ensured.
• Hostels should be built for the students.
• A managing committee should be appointed for the overall management of
the colleges.

21. Calcutta University Commission - 1902
In 1917 the government appointed the Culcutta University Commissions to
study and report on the problems of University Education under the
chairmanship of Dr. Michel E Sadler. It is also known as Sadder Commission.

22. Recommendations of Calcutta University Commission
• All the teaching resources in the city of Calcutta should be
organized so that the Calcutta University may become entirely a
teaching university. It means that the colleges in Calcutta should be
so grouped together that they may discharge the functions of a
teaching university.
• A separate teaching and residential university should be established
at Dacca.

23. Recommendations of Calcutta University Commission
• Other universities should be established and the older ones are
recognized as teaching and residential. It means that colleges
should be so developed that new centres may gradually rise to
become universities.
• Universities should be freed from excessive official control. The
government interference in the academic matters of universities
should stop. Its control should be less rigid.

24. Recommendations of Culcutta University Commission
• An academic council should be set up in each university to deal with
all academic questions for example, those connected with the
courses of study, examinations, and conferment of degree and
research.
• An academic council should be set up in each university to deal with
all academic questions for example, those connected with the
courses of study, examinations, and conferment of degree and
research.

25. Recommendations of Culcutta University Commission
• Teaching work and work connected with research should be
organised under different departments and each department should
have a head.
• A full time and salaried Vice-Chancellor should be appointed to be
the administrative head of the university.
• Faculties, boards of studies, and other statutory bodies should be
formed. Faculties should serve as Departments of teaching.

26. Recommendations of Calcutta University Commission
• Honours courses should be instituted and they should be distinctly
different from the Pass courses.
• Tutorials and superior kinds of research work should be organised.

27. Hartog Committee Report (1929)
A committee was formed under the chairmanship of Sir Philip Hartog to
survey the growth of education in British India.

28. Recommendations of Hartog Committee
• Adoption of the policy of consolidation in place of multiplication of
schools.
• Fixation of the duration of the primary courses to four years.
• Improvement in the quality, training status, pay and service
conditions of the teachers.
• Increasing the number of government inspection staffs.

29. Abbot-Wood Report (1936-1937)
Abbot and Wood invited in 1936 to advise the government on certain problems
of Vocational education and submitted report in 1937.

30. Recommendations of Abbot-Wood Report
• Vocational education should be organized according to the needs of
various vocational areas. No vocational area should be considered less
important.
• In the organization of vocational education the main regional vocations
should be especially considered.
• Vocational education should be considered at par with literary and
science education and its standard should be raised.
• The Government should open vocational institutions in big cities and big
vocational centres.

31. Recommendations of Abbot-Wood Report
• Vocational education should be considered as complementary to other
types of education.
• For general and vocational education there should be separate schools, as
the purpose of the two is different.
• Skilful workers engaged in small industries should also be given proper
vocational training.
• In each province a Vocational Education Advisors' Council should be
established for developing healthy relationship between vocational
education and various vocations.

32. Recommendations of Abbot-Wood Report
• There should be two types of schools for vocational education.
• In certificate to be awarded after passing a vocational course, there
should be a clear mention of the quality of work done by the
candidate during the period of vocational training.
• As far as possible, vocational school should be established near
vocational centers.
• Part-time classes should be opened for persons engaged in various
vocations.

33. Zukor Hussein Committee Report (1937)
All India National Conference of 1937 appointed then appointed a committee
'with Dr. Zakir Hussain as its chairman. The Committee submitted its report
on December 2, 1937, and the scheme of education suggested by it is
popularly known as the "Wardha Scheme“.

34. Wardha Scheme of Education
• A Basic Craft is to serve as the centre of instruction. The idea is not to teach
some handicraft side by side with liberal education, but the entire education is to
be imparted through some industry or vocation.
• The scheme is to be self-supporting to the extent of covering teachers' salaries
and aims at makng pupils self-supporting after the completion of their course.
• Manual labour is insisted on so that every individual may learn to earn his living
through it in liter life.
• Instruction is closely coordinated with the child's life, i.e., his home and village
crafts and occupations.

35. Sargent Report Of 1944
In 1944, the Central Advisory Board of Education submitted a
comprehensive Report on Post-War Educational Development, known as the
Sargent Report

36. Recommendations of Sargent Report
• Put forwarded a system of universal, compulsory and free education for all
boys and girls between the ages of 6 and 14.
• recommended that at the Middle School stage, provision should be made
for a variety of courses, extending over a period of five years after the age
of 11.
• High School course should cover 6 years, the normal age of admission
being 11 years and that the High Schools should be of two main types (a)
academic, and (b) technical.

37. A presentation by
Ramsheena K
Keyi Sahib Training College