Every year medical advances and breakthrough are dramatically occurring high, Artificial Womb
Technology (AWT) is the third era of human reproduction. The concepts of growing babies in the artificial
environment are called "ECTOGENESIS" and it is an advanced stage of premature intensive care.
Currently, babies who are born too young are placed in the incubator, but those incubators are likely
unfriendly environment for premature babies whose lungs are not yet ready to breathe. Artificial womb
technology in a certain advanced version of incubators. As the medical technology advances are becoming
more and more personalized to every individual, research team from Philadelphia claimed "Principal
proof" for artificial womb. We have to know whether Ectogenesis is an advanced stage of neonatal
intensive care or something entirely new. This paper defines Artificial womb technology from a biological
standpoint and does not focus on ethical issues associated with it
A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that allows many biological tests to be performed simultaneously. It combines biology and computer chip technology. Biochips can store and transmit personal data like medical records and be used to uniquely identify and track individuals. They have applications in early disease detection, monitoring health conditions, and replacing documents like passports. While biochips provide advantages like health monitoring and locating lost individuals, they also raise privacy issues and concerns about loss of human freedom if used to excessively monitor or control individuals. Research is ongoing to enhance biochip capabilities and their use is expected to grow.
1) Nanorobots could potentially be used to treat AIDS by recognizing and converting HIV-infected white blood cells back to their original form, maintaining a constant level of immune cells and allowing the patient to defend against diseases.
2) The nanorobot would use a DNA sensor to identify HIV-infected cells and an RNA converter to change the cell's RNA and reverse the HIV infection. It would be powered by metabolizing glucose and oxygen or external acoustic power.
3) Key challenges in using nanorobots for this approach include their size needing to be small enough to avoid blocking blood flow while still performing tasks, using biocompatible materials like diamond or carbon that don't trigger an immune response, and
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on tissue engineering. It defines tissue engineering as using cells, biomaterials, and biochemical factors to develop biological substitutes that restore or maintain tissue function. It discusses cells, stem cells, tissues, and provides examples of tissue engineering applications including bioartificial livers and pancreases. The presentation focuses on the bioengineering approach to creating a bioartificial pancreas using islets of Langerhans cells to secrete insulin in response to glucose levels. Key design challenges are keeping the cells alive and protected from the immune system while allowing for nutrient exchange.
Biotechnology has three main applications - medical, agricultural, and environmental. In medicine, it is used for diagnostics, therapeutics like vaccines, gene therapy, and cancer treatments. Agriculture uses biotechnology for higher yielding crops, pest resistance, and nutritionally enhanced foods. Environmental applications include bioremediation, pollution prevention, and environmental monitoring.
The document discusses various advances in medical technology in the 21st century, including 4D ultrasound that provides more detailed moving images of fetuses; microfluidic chips that can quickly diagnose the flu; non-invasive methods for detecting diabetes; brain-computer interfaces; ingestible camera pills; smart capsules equipped with tools and sensors; engineered bacteria that prevent tooth decay; artificial lymph nodes; sensors for monitoring asthma and detecting oral cancer from saliva; biological pacemakers; prosthetics that provide feedback to the user; smart contact lenses that monitor eye pressure; speech restoration devices; and absorbable heart stents. The technologies presented help with diagnoses, treatment, and quality of life.
this helps to understand the normal techniques related to biotechnology in a simple manner and provides you broad idea about the subject. A brief knowledge about the topic is presented in this presentation.
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that utilizes living organisms to develop products and processes. It has a long history dating back to ancient times when early humans selected plants for food and developed animal farming and food preservation techniques. Modern biotechnology applies techniques such as recombinant DNA, gene cloning, monoclonal antibodies, PCR, and genetic engineering to produce genetically modified organisms for applications in agriculture, health, industry, and environmental remediation. Biotechnology draws upon disciplines including biochemistry, bioinformatics, engineering, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, mathematics, and statistics. It has various branches including agricultural, aquatic, energy, and health biotechnology.
Biotechnology is a field that uses living organisms in engineering, technology, medicine, and other applications. It involves techniques like genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture. Some areas of biotechnology include microbiology, molecular genetics, biochemistry, biophysics, plant biotechnology, medical biotechnology, and agricultural biotechnology. Bio robotics loosely covers fields like cybernetics, bionics, and genetic engineering as applied to robots. It involves making biological organisms components of robots or as manipulable and functional as robots. Bio robotics is still developing and sometimes called synthetic biology or bionanotechnology.
A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites arranged on a solid substrate that allows many biological tests to be performed simultaneously. It combines biology and computer chip technology. Biochips can store and transmit personal data like medical records and be used to uniquely identify and track individuals. They have applications in early disease detection, monitoring health conditions, and replacing documents like passports. While biochips provide advantages like health monitoring and locating lost individuals, they also raise privacy issues and concerns about loss of human freedom if used to excessively monitor or control individuals. Research is ongoing to enhance biochip capabilities and their use is expected to grow.
1) Nanorobots could potentially be used to treat AIDS by recognizing and converting HIV-infected white blood cells back to their original form, maintaining a constant level of immune cells and allowing the patient to defend against diseases.
2) The nanorobot would use a DNA sensor to identify HIV-infected cells and an RNA converter to change the cell's RNA and reverse the HIV infection. It would be powered by metabolizing glucose and oxygen or external acoustic power.
3) Key challenges in using nanorobots for this approach include their size needing to be small enough to avoid blocking blood flow while still performing tasks, using biocompatible materials like diamond or carbon that don't trigger an immune response, and
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on tissue engineering. It defines tissue engineering as using cells, biomaterials, and biochemical factors to develop biological substitutes that restore or maintain tissue function. It discusses cells, stem cells, tissues, and provides examples of tissue engineering applications including bioartificial livers and pancreases. The presentation focuses on the bioengineering approach to creating a bioartificial pancreas using islets of Langerhans cells to secrete insulin in response to glucose levels. Key design challenges are keeping the cells alive and protected from the immune system while allowing for nutrient exchange.
Biotechnology has three main applications - medical, agricultural, and environmental. In medicine, it is used for diagnostics, therapeutics like vaccines, gene therapy, and cancer treatments. Agriculture uses biotechnology for higher yielding crops, pest resistance, and nutritionally enhanced foods. Environmental applications include bioremediation, pollution prevention, and environmental monitoring.
The document discusses various advances in medical technology in the 21st century, including 4D ultrasound that provides more detailed moving images of fetuses; microfluidic chips that can quickly diagnose the flu; non-invasive methods for detecting diabetes; brain-computer interfaces; ingestible camera pills; smart capsules equipped with tools and sensors; engineered bacteria that prevent tooth decay; artificial lymph nodes; sensors for monitoring asthma and detecting oral cancer from saliva; biological pacemakers; prosthetics that provide feedback to the user; smart contact lenses that monitor eye pressure; speech restoration devices; and absorbable heart stents. The technologies presented help with diagnoses, treatment, and quality of life.
this helps to understand the normal techniques related to biotechnology in a simple manner and provides you broad idea about the subject. A brief knowledge about the topic is presented in this presentation.
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that utilizes living organisms to develop products and processes. It has a long history dating back to ancient times when early humans selected plants for food and developed animal farming and food preservation techniques. Modern biotechnology applies techniques such as recombinant DNA, gene cloning, monoclonal antibodies, PCR, and genetic engineering to produce genetically modified organisms for applications in agriculture, health, industry, and environmental remediation. Biotechnology draws upon disciplines including biochemistry, bioinformatics, engineering, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, mathematics, and statistics. It has various branches including agricultural, aquatic, energy, and health biotechnology.
Biotechnology is a field that uses living organisms in engineering, technology, medicine, and other applications. It involves techniques like genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture. Some areas of biotechnology include microbiology, molecular genetics, biochemistry, biophysics, plant biotechnology, medical biotechnology, and agricultural biotechnology. Bio robotics loosely covers fields like cybernetics, bionics, and genetic engineering as applied to robots. It involves making biological organisms components of robots or as manipulable and functional as robots. Bio robotics is still developing and sometimes called synthetic biology or bionanotechnology.
ROBOTICS FOR BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONSsathish sak
Robotics for Biological and Medical Applications
Robotics provides valuable experiments in life science research by automating delivery and dispensation of biological samples and solutions in large numbers with small volumes. It also aids important medical diagnosis. Some applications of robotics include cell manipulation, DNA insertion, cell injection, and prolonged exploration of molecular and cellular biology. Key technologies used include sensing, microscopy, actuation, and miniaturized tools for handling bio samples. Nanorobots could potentially cure cancer by injecting them into patients to detect and destroy cancer cells without affecting healthy cells.
The document discusses scaffolds for tissue engineering. It defines scaffolds as temporary or permanent artificial extracellular matrices that accommodate cells and support 3D tissue regeneration. Scaffolds aim to mimic the natural extracellular matrix and promote cell response to engineer replacement tissues. The key requirements for scaffolds are that they be porous, biocompatible, and have properties matching the target tissue. Various fabrication techniques can be used to control the scaffold architecture, composition, and other properties. Common scaffold materials discussed include natural polymers like collagen and synthetic polymers.
This document discusses the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. It outlines three main methods: microbial bioreactors like E. coli, mammalian cell culture bioreactors like CHO cells, and transgenic animal bioreactors. Transgenic animals are produced via DNA microinjection into embryos to incorporate expression vectors for target proteins. Their milk can then produce large quantities of complex proteins through scale-up. While advantageous for production scale, transgenic systems have limitations regarding animal health effects and post-translational modifications. Examples of therapeutic proteins produced include antithrombin in transgenic goats and alpha-1-antitrypsin in transgenic sheep.
3D BIO PRINTING USING TISSUE AND ORGANSsathish sak
3D bio printing is the process of creating cell patterns in a confined space using 3D printing technologies.
3D bio printing is the layer by layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue like structure.
Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissues and organs to help research drug and pills.
This document discusses the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. It provides a timeline of important developments including the approval of the first recombinant human insulin in 1982. It outlines the typical process of drug production including transfection of cells, cell culture, purification and formulation. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of expressing proteins in bacterial cells, yeast cells, insect cells, plants and transgenic animals. Finally, it provides examples of some important recombinant proteins that have been approved for human use to treat disorders like hemophilia and diabetes.
biotechnology and its applications
application s of biotechnology, bt.cotton, cloning, dna, dna fingerprinting, dna isolation, gene manipulation, genetic engineering, goldenrice., r dnatechnology, recombinant vaccines, transgenic, vectors
An organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems, a type of artificial organ. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.
This document provides details on the key components and functioning of a stirred tank bioreactor. It describes the standard geometry of bioreactors including dimensions. It outlines the basic features of a bioreactor including the agitation system, oxygen delivery system, temperature and pH control systems, and cleaning facilities. Specifics are provided on impeller types, mechanical seals, air sterilization methods, positive pressure maintenance, and spargers.
Microfluidics and organ on a chip technology is an interdisciplinary field of medical and engineering. It will replace the current methods of testing efficacy of drug viz. cells in dishes test and animal testing.
This document provides an overview of biosensors and nanobiosensors. It discusses that a biosensor combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. It then describes the basic components and working principle of biosensors, including the biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. Some examples mentioned include glucose monitoring devices and pregnancy tests. The document also discusses nanobiosensors and how nanoparticles can enhance sensitivity and specificity. Applications mentioned include food analysis, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. In the future, nanobiosensors may allow for applications like electronic paper, morphing devices, and smart contact lenses.
The document provides an overview of the Human Genome Project (HGP). The HGP was an international scientific research project that aimed to determine the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA and identify and map all human genes. The project began in 1990 and was completed in 2003, two years ahead of schedule. Key outcomes included identifying over 1800 disease genes, developing over 1000 genetic tests, and determining that the human genetic origin is from Africa. The project helped lay the groundwork for advances in personalized medicine.
Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into many cell types and can serve as a repair system in the body. There are several types of stem cells including embryonic stem cells which are pluripotent and can differentiate into any fetal or extraembryonic cell type, and adult stem cells which are multipotent and can differentiate into a limited number of cell types. Stem cells offer promise for treating diseases but also face challenges for clinical applications including controlling differentiation, reducing tumor risk, and addressing ethical concerns about embryonic stem cells.
This document discusses emerging trends in biotechnology. It begins with an introduction to biotechnology and its history, including major discoveries from 1919 to 2020. It then outlines emerging trends like artificial intelligence, big data, gene editing, precision medicine, gene sequencing, biomanufacturing, bioprinting, and synthetic biology. Each trend is briefly described in 1-2 sentences. The document concludes by noting challenges in biotechnology like high costs, regulatory issues, talent shortages, and inadequate technology, but emphasizes that biotechnology advancement is crucial to address global issues in health, food, and the environment.
This document provides an overview of biosensors, including their main components, working principle, types, applications, and future directions. It discusses how biosensors work by using a bioreceptor to interact with an analyte, which is then measured by a transducer and outputs a proportional signal. The main types described are calorimetric, potentiometric, acoustic wave, amperometric, and optical biosensors. Applications highlighted include use in food analysis, medical diagnosis like glucose monitoring, drug development, and environmental monitoring. Nanobiosensors and lab-on-a-chip technologies are also summarized as areas of ongoing research to improve biosensor sensitivity, size, and versatility.
Biopharmaceuticals are large protein molecules that target the mechanisms of disease. They are produced through recombinant DNA technology by genetically engineering bacteria or fungi to produce the target protein, or through purification from blood or plasma. Biopharmaceuticals are used to treat conditions like cancer, heart disease, and immune disorders. Gene therapy and genetic testing are also applied to develop new treatments and further understand disease mechanisms.
Lab grown human embryo lives for 14 daysOther Mother
Scientists grew human embryos in a lab for nearly two weeks, the longest period of time embryos have developed outside the womb. This breakthrough may help improve assisted reproduction and stem cell therapies. It also showed that embryos can mature beyond a few days in vitro, challenging a 14-day rule on developing embryos in labs. While hailed as an advancement, it also raises ethical issues as it pushes scientific boundaries.
Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Nursing Management of Pre...paperpublications3
Abstract: Prematurity used to be a major cause of infant deaths. The premature babies need improved medical and nursing techniques by highly competence nursing team.
Material and Methods: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted at Soba university hospital, Khartoum state in the period from January to March 2014. The study aimed at assessing the knowledge and practices of pediatric nurses in neonatal intensive care unit concerning nursing management of preterm babies. The sample size compromised of 50 nurses that constituted the total coverage of study population during the period of the study. Data were collected using structured interview questionnaire and observation check list designed f or the study. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results:The results obtained that the majority of nurses were knowledgeable about the characteristics of preterm babies, causes of prematurity, immediate nursing care of preterm, signs of hypothermia were adequate (100%, 92%, 100%,100% respectively). Half of them (50%) identify the breathing pattern of preterm baby. The nurses clinical performance were inadequate where 70% of them recorded pulse rate only when recorded the baby pulse.100% did not wear mask, 80% find a difficulty on selecting appropriate vein for sampling . Also 48% of nurses gave feeding incorrect and 60% of them did not aspirate gastric contents before feeding.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of pediatric nurses had adequate knowledge about prematurity, but they were lacking in their clinical skills to manage the preterm baby. So the study recommended continuous training programs for the nurses to refresh their knowledge and practices towards management of preterm babies to ideal standards.Keywords: Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge, Practices Regarding Nursing Management, Premature Babies.
Title: Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Nursing Management of Premature Babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Soba University Hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan
Author: Widad Ibrahim A/gadir A/moula, Ietimad Ibrahim Abd Elrahman kambal
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications
ROBOTICS FOR BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONSsathish sak
Robotics for Biological and Medical Applications
Robotics provides valuable experiments in life science research by automating delivery and dispensation of biological samples and solutions in large numbers with small volumes. It also aids important medical diagnosis. Some applications of robotics include cell manipulation, DNA insertion, cell injection, and prolonged exploration of molecular and cellular biology. Key technologies used include sensing, microscopy, actuation, and miniaturized tools for handling bio samples. Nanorobots could potentially cure cancer by injecting them into patients to detect and destroy cancer cells without affecting healthy cells.
The document discusses scaffolds for tissue engineering. It defines scaffolds as temporary or permanent artificial extracellular matrices that accommodate cells and support 3D tissue regeneration. Scaffolds aim to mimic the natural extracellular matrix and promote cell response to engineer replacement tissues. The key requirements for scaffolds are that they be porous, biocompatible, and have properties matching the target tissue. Various fabrication techniques can be used to control the scaffold architecture, composition, and other properties. Common scaffold materials discussed include natural polymers like collagen and synthetic polymers.
This document discusses the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. It outlines three main methods: microbial bioreactors like E. coli, mammalian cell culture bioreactors like CHO cells, and transgenic animal bioreactors. Transgenic animals are produced via DNA microinjection into embryos to incorporate expression vectors for target proteins. Their milk can then produce large quantities of complex proteins through scale-up. While advantageous for production scale, transgenic systems have limitations regarding animal health effects and post-translational modifications. Examples of therapeutic proteins produced include antithrombin in transgenic goats and alpha-1-antitrypsin in transgenic sheep.
3D BIO PRINTING USING TISSUE AND ORGANSsathish sak
3D bio printing is the process of creating cell patterns in a confined space using 3D printing technologies.
3D bio printing is the layer by layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue like structure.
Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissues and organs to help research drug and pills.
This document discusses the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. It provides a timeline of important developments including the approval of the first recombinant human insulin in 1982. It outlines the typical process of drug production including transfection of cells, cell culture, purification and formulation. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of expressing proteins in bacterial cells, yeast cells, insect cells, plants and transgenic animals. Finally, it provides examples of some important recombinant proteins that have been approved for human use to treat disorders like hemophilia and diabetes.
biotechnology and its applications
application s of biotechnology, bt.cotton, cloning, dna, dna fingerprinting, dna isolation, gene manipulation, genetic engineering, goldenrice., r dnatechnology, recombinant vaccines, transgenic, vectors
An organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems, a type of artificial organ. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context, introducing a novel model of in vitro multicellular human organisms. One day, they will perhaps abolish the need for animals in drug development and toxin testing.
This document provides details on the key components and functioning of a stirred tank bioreactor. It describes the standard geometry of bioreactors including dimensions. It outlines the basic features of a bioreactor including the agitation system, oxygen delivery system, temperature and pH control systems, and cleaning facilities. Specifics are provided on impeller types, mechanical seals, air sterilization methods, positive pressure maintenance, and spargers.
Microfluidics and organ on a chip technology is an interdisciplinary field of medical and engineering. It will replace the current methods of testing efficacy of drug viz. cells in dishes test and animal testing.
This document provides an overview of biosensors and nanobiosensors. It discusses that a biosensor combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. It then describes the basic components and working principle of biosensors, including the biological recognition element, transducer, and detector. Some examples mentioned include glucose monitoring devices and pregnancy tests. The document also discusses nanobiosensors and how nanoparticles can enhance sensitivity and specificity. Applications mentioned include food analysis, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. In the future, nanobiosensors may allow for applications like electronic paper, morphing devices, and smart contact lenses.
The document provides an overview of the Human Genome Project (HGP). The HGP was an international scientific research project that aimed to determine the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA and identify and map all human genes. The project began in 1990 and was completed in 2003, two years ahead of schedule. Key outcomes included identifying over 1800 disease genes, developing over 1000 genetic tests, and determining that the human genetic origin is from Africa. The project helped lay the groundwork for advances in personalized medicine.
Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into many cell types and can serve as a repair system in the body. There are several types of stem cells including embryonic stem cells which are pluripotent and can differentiate into any fetal or extraembryonic cell type, and adult stem cells which are multipotent and can differentiate into a limited number of cell types. Stem cells offer promise for treating diseases but also face challenges for clinical applications including controlling differentiation, reducing tumor risk, and addressing ethical concerns about embryonic stem cells.
This document discusses emerging trends in biotechnology. It begins with an introduction to biotechnology and its history, including major discoveries from 1919 to 2020. It then outlines emerging trends like artificial intelligence, big data, gene editing, precision medicine, gene sequencing, biomanufacturing, bioprinting, and synthetic biology. Each trend is briefly described in 1-2 sentences. The document concludes by noting challenges in biotechnology like high costs, regulatory issues, talent shortages, and inadequate technology, but emphasizes that biotechnology advancement is crucial to address global issues in health, food, and the environment.
This document provides an overview of biosensors, including their main components, working principle, types, applications, and future directions. It discusses how biosensors work by using a bioreceptor to interact with an analyte, which is then measured by a transducer and outputs a proportional signal. The main types described are calorimetric, potentiometric, acoustic wave, amperometric, and optical biosensors. Applications highlighted include use in food analysis, medical diagnosis like glucose monitoring, drug development, and environmental monitoring. Nanobiosensors and lab-on-a-chip technologies are also summarized as areas of ongoing research to improve biosensor sensitivity, size, and versatility.
Biopharmaceuticals are large protein molecules that target the mechanisms of disease. They are produced through recombinant DNA technology by genetically engineering bacteria or fungi to produce the target protein, or through purification from blood or plasma. Biopharmaceuticals are used to treat conditions like cancer, heart disease, and immune disorders. Gene therapy and genetic testing are also applied to develop new treatments and further understand disease mechanisms.
Lab grown human embryo lives for 14 daysOther Mother
Scientists grew human embryos in a lab for nearly two weeks, the longest period of time embryos have developed outside the womb. This breakthrough may help improve assisted reproduction and stem cell therapies. It also showed that embryos can mature beyond a few days in vitro, challenging a 14-day rule on developing embryos in labs. While hailed as an advancement, it also raises ethical issues as it pushes scientific boundaries.
Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Nursing Management of Pre...paperpublications3
Abstract: Prematurity used to be a major cause of infant deaths. The premature babies need improved medical and nursing techniques by highly competence nursing team.
Material and Methods: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted at Soba university hospital, Khartoum state in the period from January to March 2014. The study aimed at assessing the knowledge and practices of pediatric nurses in neonatal intensive care unit concerning nursing management of preterm babies. The sample size compromised of 50 nurses that constituted the total coverage of study population during the period of the study. Data were collected using structured interview questionnaire and observation check list designed f or the study. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results:The results obtained that the majority of nurses were knowledgeable about the characteristics of preterm babies, causes of prematurity, immediate nursing care of preterm, signs of hypothermia were adequate (100%, 92%, 100%,100% respectively). Half of them (50%) identify the breathing pattern of preterm baby. The nurses clinical performance were inadequate where 70% of them recorded pulse rate only when recorded the baby pulse.100% did not wear mask, 80% find a difficulty on selecting appropriate vein for sampling . Also 48% of nurses gave feeding incorrect and 60% of them did not aspirate gastric contents before feeding.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of pediatric nurses had adequate knowledge about prematurity, but they were lacking in their clinical skills to manage the preterm baby. So the study recommended continuous training programs for the nurses to refresh their knowledge and practices towards management of preterm babies to ideal standards.Keywords: Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge, Practices Regarding Nursing Management, Premature Babies.
Title: Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Nursing Management of Premature Babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Soba University Hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan
Author: Widad Ibrahim A/gadir A/moula, Ietimad Ibrahim Abd Elrahman kambal
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications
‘Artificial Womb’ For Human Children Is A Topic Of Discussion Among FDA Advis...The Lifesciences Magazine
The US Food and Drug Administration’s independent advisors are meeting this week to explore the rules, morals, and potential for developing an artificial womb to improve the chances that extremely premature newborns will survive—and without developing long-term health issues.
1. In vitro fertilization (IVF) provides fertility treatment but also raises several ethical issues. While it can help couples have children, it involves creating and potentially discarding embryos, with unclear moral status.
2. There are concerns that IVF may weaken the family by separating genetic, gestational and social parenting, and treat children as commodities. It also involves creating life in a lab setting which some religions view as interfering with God's role.
3. The document discusses several ethical questions around IVF including when life begins, the status and use of leftover embryos, legal and health issues, impacts on marriage and children's welfare, and religious objections. It notes both advantages in helping infertility but also
This document discusses the history and current state of fetal surgery. It begins with a brief history of fetal surgery from the first documented nonhuman fetal surgery in 1884 to the development of techniques in the 1940s-1960s. Key developments include the first reported human fetal surgery in 1965 and the advent of ultrasound technology in the late 1960s, which enabled less invasive fetal procedures. The document outlines the conditions currently treated with closed (non-hysterotomy) surgical therapies, including fetal transfusion and lower urinary tract obstruction. It emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach and counseling for families considering fetal surgery.
Comparison of the results of in vitro fertility cycles between cryopreservati...Open Access Research Paper
Oocyte cryopreservation addresses several difficulties, such as maintaining female fertility, oocyte accumulation in women with decreased ovarian reserve, inadequate ovarian stimulation response, or developed “oocyte donation bank”. A retrospective and prospective cohort study were conducted at the Infertility Department – Hanh Phuc International Hospital, recording the results of 210 couples undergoing IVF cycles, with the goal of comparing and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment in two groups using frozen-thawed oocytes and fresh oocytes in IVF cycles (105 cycles using thawed oocytes and 105 cycles using fresh oocytes). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was conducted on all mature oocytes from fresh and thawed oocytes (frozen and thawed by vitrification technique) (ICSI). The embryological and clinical results of the two groups were documented, compared, and validated using the t-test. Survival rate of the freezing – thawing process oocytes was 92.61% and there was no difference in the embryological and clinical outcome results between thawed and fresh oocytes, through the following criteria: the rate of fertilized oocytes (69.04% vs 73.43%, p = 0.1026) with good embryo (29.10% vs 33.87%, p = 0.1794), the rate of blastocyst formation (45.61% vs 56.55%, p = 0.0541). The cumulative pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate was 47.17%, 40.75% and 35.51%, respectively, while group using thawed oocytes was 40.79%, 50.03% and 34.76%, respectively (p = 0.3176 – 0.2377 – 0.9067). The miscarriage rates in the two groups were 6.04% and 5.51% (p = 0.7615).
1) In April 2015, scientists in China used the gene-editing tool CRISPR to alter genes in human embryos, igniting debate about the ethics of human genome editing.
2) While genome modification has occurred since the 1970s, CRISPR allows for simpler, faster, and cheaper genetic research and editing. However, editing human eggs, sperm, or embryos raises ethical issues about changing human heredity and traits for future generations.
3) In December 2015, an international summit of scientists and bioethicists outlined principles for further research, including not implanting gene-edited embryos and requiring addressing safety, efficacy, and broad societal consensus before any clinical use of germline editing.
The role of civil society is vital for protecting children from vested corporate interests. For this knowledge about popular interventions and their pros and cons is vital.
ABSTRACT- Placenta is the mirror of fetomaternal status. The effect of anemia in pregnancy can be diverse and detrimental to the mother and the fetus. This prompted us to carry out the present study, which aimed to observe and compare the morphological features of placenta at term in anemic and non-anemic mothers of North Bengal and to find out the clinical relevance of such structural changes. Total 30 placentas were collected from each group of selected patients after delivery at labor room. Examination of placenta was conducted according to proforma. A general survey of umbilical cord, membranes, fetal surface, and maternal surface was carried out. The diameters were measured, area was estimated, and shape was noted. Placenta and fetus was weighed in the same scale. The volume was estimated by water displacement method. In anemic mothers, mean baby birth weight was found to be significantly less than that of control group. The mean placental weight in test group was significantly increased in comparison to controls. The mean placental volume and mean placental area in case of test group were significantly increased. Occurrence of morphological features, like subchorionic fibrosis; retroplacental clot, gross calcification, or placental infarction etc were found to be significantly higher in anemic mothers in comparison to non-anemic group. In the present study, it was proved that placenta has considerable functional reserve capacity. It tends to limit the ill-effects of tissue injury and of unfavorable maternal milieu like anemia. Our findings were in accordance with the previous studies in this field. Key-words- Placenta, Maternal anaemia, Morphological changes, Placental weight
Breastfeeding Patterns In Relation To Thumb Sucking And Pacifier UseBiblioteca Virtual
This document describes a study examining the relationship between breastfeeding patterns, thumb sucking, and pacifier use in 506 mother-infant pairs in Sweden. The study found that pacifier use was associated with fewer breastfeeds per 24 hours, shorter suckling duration, shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration, and shorter total breastfeeding duration compared to no pacifier use. These associations were not found for thumb sucking. The negative effects of pacifiers on breastfeeding seemed related to frequency of pacifier use.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTATIONaswathy krishna
This document discusses various ethical issues related to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and organ transplantation. It provides an overview of ARTs including in vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy, and cloning. For IVF, it describes the basic process and notes both advantages like helping infertility as well as risks like multiple pregnancies. It discusses the first IVF babies and the growth of the IVF industry. For surrogacy, it defines traditional and gestational types and notes debates around commercial surrogacy and parental rights. For cloning, it explains the different types and highlights both potential medical benefits and risks/concerns about human cloning. The document also covers organ transplantation, including what can be donated, types of
Role baby friendly hospital initiative on KAP of nursing mothersAnjum Hashmi MPH
The document summarizes a study on the role of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) on the knowledge and practices of nursing mothers regarding infant feeding. The study compared mothers who delivered at a Baby Friendly Hospital (BFH) versus a non-BFH. It found that some feeding practices were better in the BFH group, such as a lower rate of pre-lacteal feeding and longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding. However, the non-BFH group had a higher rate of initiating breastfeeding within the first hour. The BFHI was found to have a beneficial impact on certain infant feeding practices and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.
The document provides information about homework help resources and a case study on abruptio placentae (placental abruption). It includes an introduction to abruptio placentae, objectives of studying the case, patient profile, assessments of the patient's health history and tests, anatomy and pathophysiology of the condition, and a nursing care plan. The case study aims to increase understanding of abruptio placentae, including diagnosing and treating the condition, administering appropriate drugs and transfusions, and formulating a nursing care plan.
A Brief History Of Today’s Neonatal Intensive Care UnitDr. Allen Cherer
The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has evolved significantly from its origins in the early 20th century. Pioneers like Tarnier, Budin, and Couney introduced concepts like incubators and specialized care units that helped increase survival rates for at-risk and premature infants. The first American NICU opened in 1960, and advances in technology throughout the 1960s-1990s allowed even very premature babies to have a chance of survival. Today's NICUs provide highly specialized care using the latest medical technologies and trained staff to support the needs of premature and sick newborns.
1) In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a technique where eggs are fertilised by sperm outside the body in a laboratory. Since the first successful IVF in 1978, millions of babies have been born through IVF worldwide.
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This document summarizes uterine transplantation (UTx), a potential treatment for women with absolute uterine factor infertility who cannot carry a pregnancy due to the absence or dysfunction of a uterus. UTx involves transplanting a donated uterus into the recipient, which allows for pregnancy and childbirth experiences. Over 70 UTx procedures have been performed worldwide resulting in over 23 live births. While UTx offers an alternative to adoption and surrogacy, it involves significant risks like multiple surgeries and lifelong immunosuppression to prevent transplant rejection. Long-term studies are still needed to fully understand the risks and benefits of UTx.
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The Role of Arbudahara Taila Uttarbasti in Tubal Blockage Infertilityijtsrd
Infertility is a main issue in today’s era. Many couples go for IVF, surrogacy and many more with very less benefits. Nearly 10 14 of individuals are belonging to the reproductive age group are affected by infertility. it’s rate is constantly increasing due to change in lifestyle, high pollution, socio economic causes and enormous amount of stress. The problem of infertility has been on a constant rise and affects people of various age group, fertility problems are prevalent in women, which restrict their ability to conceive. The most of the infertility problems, almost 35 are caused by tubal blockage. The tubal blockage causes due to, A. pelvic infections causing 1 Peritubal adhesions 2. Endosalpingeal damage, B. previous tubal surgery or sterilization, C. salpingitis isthemicamodosa, D. Tubal endometriosis and others, E. Polyps or mucous debris within the tubal lumen or tubal spasm. Laparoscopic chrompertubation had limited results in correcting blocks but most of cases refer for Artificial reproductive techniques. Uttarbasti is a special procedure found to act very nicely on tubal blockage if performed cautiously in a sterile environment. Arbudaharalepa told in Sahasrayogam was selected and formulated into Taila to observe the results on Tubal factors of Infertility. In present study, kaphavata hara, Lekhana, Chedana and Bhedana properties of drugs acted to clear the tubal block. Biradar Deepali | Dr. Satish Jalihal "The Role of Arbudahara Taila Uttarbasti in Tubal Blockage Infertility" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52776.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/52776/the-role-of-arbudahara-taila-uttarbasti-in-tubal-blockage-infertility/biradar-deepali
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O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
ECTOGENESIS: ARTIFICIAL WOMB TECHNOLOGY – A WOMEN’S BEYOND CHOICE
1. Krishna et al. World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research
www.wjahr.com │ Volume 5, Issue 2. 2021 │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 89
ECTOGENESIS: ARTIFICIAL WOMB TECHNOLOGY – A WOMEN’S BEYOND
CHOICE
Dr. Krishna Sai Reddy Onti*1
, Bhagyalakshmi Guthi2
, Swapna Kannabathula3
, Ashok A.4
, Keerthi T.5
,
Mounika V.6
and S. P. Srinivas Nayak7
1-6
Pharm D, Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India.
7
Assistant professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sultan-ul-Uloom college of pharmacy, Hyderabad.
Received date: 12 January 2021 Revised date: 02 February 2021 Accepted date: 22 February 2021
INTRODUCTION
Would you ever think what if you could grow a baby in a
pot? well, that's not a fantasy tale anymore, researchers
at Philadelphia created a unique artificial uterus like
device called "Biobag" that mimics mother's womb that
world has ever seen.[1]
The prototype of a bio bag
successfully intended to facilitate the process of ex-utero
gestation. Researchers at children's hospital tested and
monitored effects of artificial womb technology on the
foetus of a lamb which developmentally equivalent to the
human infant the lamb displayed Normal growth,
Normal breath, grew wool and had a normal neurological
function and organ maturation.[2]
This research will make a strong base for future
technology in reproductive science to secure long term
prognoses for premature babies.Firstly, we have to
understand that, Is ectogenesis completely a new
approach? or extension of current Neonatal Intensive
Care. Complete ectogenesis is the process of creating an
embryo using IVF techniques and then gestated entirely
in an artificial womb, but in the case of partial
ectogenesis, development of "foetus" in AW for part of
gestation period the following transfer from mother‟s
womb.[3]
I consider the experimental artificial womb technology is
Innovative treatment and a novel approach particularly as
an alternative to Neonatal Intensive Care.
Before we start this conversation, I want to expose the
background history of ectogenesis, the concept of
reproduction outside the human body is not new, there is
a reference from Mahabharata the world-famous Epic, it
says Gandhari queen of Dhritarashtra mothered a
hundred children at once notably all are men and same
age. History of Indian Mythology depicts that Rishi
Vyasa arranged 100 pots and splatted flesh into 100
pieces and transfer into jars, preserved safely with the
help of cloth beneath the earth, after 2 years of waiting
those pots was ready with 100 babies all children grew
up to strong full and Powerful.[4]
English biologist JBS Haldane in the year 1923 given a
lecture about the artificial womb, he was the first one to
propose that an egg could be fertilized outside the
womb.[5]
In 1990 Japanese scientist announced that they
have raised a goat foetus in an artificial rubber womb
with amniotic fluid. Yoshinori Kuwabara, need (SPACE)
a gynaecologistat Tokyo University‟s medical
department, removed the foetus from its mother by
Caesarean section after 120 days of gestation. He placed
it in a rubber womb filled with artificial amniotic fluid,
and the baby was delivered after 17days.[6]
Recently a
Review Article www.wjahr.com
ISSN: 2457-0400
Volume: 5.
Issue: 2.
Page N. 89-92
Year: 2021
WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH
SJIF Impact Factor: 5.464
*Corresponding author: Dr. Krishna Sai Reddy Onti
Pharm D, Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India.
ABSTRACT
Every year medical advances and breakthrough are dramatically occurring high, Artificial Womb
Technology (AWT) is the third era of human reproduction. The concepts of growing babies in the artificial
environment are called "ECTOGENESIS" and it is an advanced stage of premature intensive care.
Currently, babies who are born too young are placed in the incubator, but those incubators are likely
unfriendly environment for premature babies whose lungs are not yet ready to breathe. Artificial womb
technology in a certain advanced version of incubators. As the medical technology advances are becoming
more and more personalized to every individual, research team from Philadelphia claimed "Principal
proof" for artificial womb. We have to know whether Ectogenesis is an advanced stage of neonatal
intensive care or something entirely new. This paper defines Artificial womb technology from a biological
standpoint and does not focus on ethical issues associated with it.
2. Krishna et al. World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research
www.wjahr.com │ Volume 5, Issue 2. 2021 │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 90
research team from the Netherlands announced that they
have a permission grant to develop artificial womb
prototype. If this process of progress continues then
ectogenesis in the not-too-distant future.[7]
Abortion and Viability
Abortion is one of the most controversial subjects in
modern society, it can be defined as "Exclusion of the
foetus before it is viable". This could include
spontaneous abortion and induced abortion. Sometimes
induced abortion upholds variability as a critical deciding
point. Let me exemplify, if a pregnant woman develops
toxaemia or gestational diabetes or a form of cancer, in
that particular case she needs treatment that would harm
a foetus. But medical advances made it possible, now
AWT could allow women to "Terminate her pregnancy
without terminating the embryo".[8]
The court stated that
a point of viability at which they are inherently defining
life would properly leave this private choice in women's
hand.[9]
According to abortion surveillance in
2018,“6,19,591” legal induced abortions were reported to
the Centre for Disease Control and prevention, from 49
reporting areas.Among 48 reporting areas with data each
year from 2009 to 2018, In 2018 a total of 614,820
abortions were reported. The abortion rate was 11.3 need
abortions per thousand women. According to CDC
abortion surveillance system in 2018 majority of
abortions took place early in gestation 92.2 % of
abortions were performed at ≤ 13 weeks of gestation. A
smaller number of abortions 6.9 % were performed at 14
to 20 weeks of gestation, due to problems associated
with gestational diabetes, congenital anomalies and some
type of cancers.[10]
Neonatal Intensive Care
In developing countries, approximately 20 million
premature and low birth weight infants are born every
year nearly 4 million die within one month. The major
reason behind these deaths is due to unavailability of
traditional incubators and the shortage of Neonatal
Healthcare providers so the complications associated
with preterm birth decrease with increasing gestation.[11]
If an infant born before 26 weeks of gestation remained
unlikely to survive. It led to severe long-term impairment
around 50% of surviving preterm born at 26 weeks. This
range will increase to 75% among those born at 23
weeks.[12]
The biggest cause of suffering to preterm
include underdeveloped lungs, heart, brain, respiratory
problems, circulatory problems, Low blood pressure,
oxygen impoverishment and underdeveloped ability to
suck or swallow, these complications are almost
inevitable before 26 weeks.[13]
Limitations
By providing mechanical ventilation administering
oxygen using external pumps to aid circulation and
nasogastric feeding but the traditional incubators remind
interventions in facilitated infants [17]
Biobag
Overcoming biological obstacles, a team of researchers
has crafted what may be the best artificial womb yet,that
perfectly mimics what mom would provide.[14]
The bag
enables the constant exchange of amniotic fluid,
providing all necessary water and nutrients. Cannula act
as an 'umbilical cord' carrying required nutrients and
oxygen into the subject's bloodstream. Circulation is
dependent on the subject's heart working with an
oxygenator. This mimics normal placental circulation,
ensuring sufficient oxygen and safe blood pressure. The
bio bag may not look much like a womb but it contains
the same key parts a clear plastic bag that encloses the
fetal lamb and protects it from the outside world like the
uterus. An electrolyte solution that bathes the lamb
similarly to the amniotic fluid in the uterus, and a way
for the foetus to circulate its blood and exchange carbon
dioxide for oxygen. one tube supplying artificial
amniotic fluid and another draining it out.[15]
There are
still many potential problems to overcome, however.
There is a significant risk of infection, even though the
biobag is sterile and sealed. Finding the right mix of
nutrients and hormones to support a human baby will
also be a challenge.[16]
Figure: Lambs delivered prematurely are kept
afloat—literally—in a sealed, fluid-filled ―biobag‖
that mimics what mom would provide. Children's
hospital of Philadelphia.[14]
Mechanical ventilation and the administration of oxygen
can inhibit further lung development or it can damage the
lungs.External support for circulation can cause heart
failure and maximum chances of Babies got infected.
Due to limitations and high risk of traditional incubators
scientist believe clinical possibilities of neonatal
Intensive Care has been exhausted.[18]
Analysis
Artificial womb technology is a revolutionise
reproduction procedure that can sustain the artificial
gestation of human entities, by challenging the
fundamental fact of human reproduction that has
overcome since the beginning of time "that a foetus must
gestate in the woman's womb. The process of utilising
the artificial womb technology for partial ectogenesis is
the motivation behind current scientific development
because it is a search after as an advanced alternative to
neonatal intensive care.[19]
Prematurity remains the
leading cause of death in neonates, thus it is hoped that
the development of more sophisticated technology (AW)
3. Krishna et al. World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research
www.wjahr.com │ Volume 5, Issue 2. 2021 │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 91
might be better able to improve preterm mortality rate
and reduce the incidence of morbidity in preterm
neonates.[20]
Let's discuss the pros and cons associated with artificial
womb technology.
Potential Uses of Ectogenesis
Uteroplacental vascular insufficiency/placental
insufficiency is a complication of pregnancy is unable to
deliver an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the
foetus and thus cannot fully support the developing baby.
In such situations, AWT will be a benefit for the women
suffering with placental insufficiency, now she had a
choice of "terminate pregnancy but not foetus".[21]
In the case of multiple pregnancies, when a pregnant
with twins/triplets or more babies is called a "higher-
order pregnancy" occur when more than one embryo
implants in the uterus.Multiple pregnancies are more
common than they used to be mainly because of the
increasing use of in vitro fertilization (IVF).In such
conditions, ex-utero gestation is a choice of women by
transferring extra embryos to the bio bag, thus AWT
plays a prominent role in conditions like high order
pregnancy.[22]
According to health law central, surrogacy involves a
woman agreeing to carry a baby for someone else, after
the baby is born the birth mother gives custody and
guardianship to the intended parents. As of now, we are
encouraging surrogacy supported by a legal
agreement.Hence, AWT is preferably far better choice of
growingbabies in an artificial environment rather than
some other unknown women's womb.[23]
In some cases,
ovulation irregularities, endometriosis, blocked fallopian
tubes, structural problems in the reproductive system,
age or underlying medical problems, leads to infertility.
In such cases, AWT would be a benefit for those who
can‟t procreate their own.[24]
Most probably employees and mothers on a range of
issues related to managing pregnancy maternity leave
and returning to work are most challenging. Hurdles
related to pregnancy and returning to work after 9
months will affect the job opportunities people who
broadly thinking of it then artificial womb Technology
will bring a possible solution.[25]
Usually, most the
pregnancies occur without complications;however, some
women will experience complications with pregnancy
that can involve their health and their baby's health some
of the complications include gestational diabetes,
preeclampsia, preterm labour pains and loss of
pregnancy or miss carriage, thus AWT will truly subside
all of these complications.[26]
Pregnancy and childbirth were associated with the
dangerous event for both baby and mother, according to
the World Health Organisation, more than 300,000
women died from pregnancy-related problems like
Labour pains. that's 830 women every day. Hence AWT
will be a possible way to subside complications
associated with pregnancy.By using ectogenesis we can
subside maternal malnutrition which increases the risk of
poor pregnancy outcomes including obstructed labour
premature or low birth weight babies and post-partum
haemorrhage severe anaemia, during pregnancy linked to
increased mortality at labour. Similarly, it could allow
single men and Gay male couples to become parents
without Surrogacy.[27]
By considering the rational problems associated with
pregnancy, artificial womb Technology (partial
ectogenesis/ complete ectogenesis) plays an effective
role and it will be the future of human reproduction.
Downsides of ectogenesis
The pivotal role of being a mother is still The Divine
Mission assigned to women alone. It illustrates the
relationship and bonding between the mother and her
child in the long run to society.
Artificial womb technology diminishes women's
role in society.
Women lost their fundamental respect.
AWT might further increase the gap between rich
and poor.
Artificial wombs to be fundamentally against the
natural reproductive order.
It will lead to many machine-made babies probably
trading babies like a cup of coffee.
Complete ectogenesis destroys the bond between
natural pregnancy to mother and children if any
interruption in the power supply to the bio bag so-
called artificial womb leads to the sudden death of
baby inside the artificial environment.[28]
CONCLUSION
Artificial womb Technology will be the game-changing
medical advancement and probably most exciting, from
science fiction to science fact. But we can consider this
exutero gestation will be used as an alternative to
conventional Neonatal Intensive Care. Even though we
have a lot of ethical Barrier‟s, legal obstructions, AWT
has its functionality. Growth pods will be able to produce
super babies by constant monitoring and supplying
vitamins nutrients to preterm regularly. Women have the
right to choose over her body and the outcome of their
potential foetus. Hence AWT is a Better alternative to
abortion. The Downsides of AWT should be taken into
consideration for further process of R&D. Meanwhile the
purpose of highlighting these implications of the
'artificial womb' is not to deny the wealth of
opportunities it could offer to those people unable or
unwilling to gestate.
However, AWT economically competitive with other
forms of gestation, it will take a lead shortly. Previous
research results from Philadelphia were promising and
large trials are underway. “If reliable artificial womb
4. Krishna et al. World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research
www.wjahr.com │ Volume 5, Issue 2. 2021 │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 92
technology does become available, it is important that we
ensure equal access to it for all, it will result in much
better outcomes than neonatal intensive care. It will be
expensive, and there will inevitably be a limited number
of devices available - we would therefore need to ensure
that decisions about who had access to them do not
exacerbate social inequality.”In our view, AWT is the
next important step in the treatment of premature infants
and we strongly believe the feasibility of partial or
complete ectogenesis of research provide evidence to
suggest that improving technology advance this goal.
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