Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms, especially at the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
Ecotoxicology is the science devoted to the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on ecosystems structure, functions, and biodiversity. It is a modern discipline, just developed during the last four decades, directly associated to the need to identify, predict, control, and minimize the negative environmental consequences of the recent human industrial development. Ecotoxicology has always been connected to toxicology, and is in part an extension of human/veterinary toxicology to the investigation of effects on wildlife. In parallel, it also linked ecotoxicology to ecology, from both conceptual and methodological viewpoints.
Toxicology
is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
Toxicity
is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism
History
Ecotoxicology is a relatively young discipline that made its debuts in the 1970s
Ecotoxicology emerged after pollution events that occurred after World War II heightened awareness on the impact of toxic chemical and wastewater discharges towards humankind and the environment
The term « Ecotoxicology » was used for the first time in 1969 by René Truhaut, a toxicologist, during an environmental conference in Stockholm.
Ecotoxicology is the science devoted to the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on ecosystems structure, functions, and biodiversity. It is a modern discipline, just developed during the last four decades, directly associated to the need to identify, predict, control, and minimize the negative environmental consequences of the recent human industrial development. Ecotoxicology has always been connected to toxicology, and is in part an extension of human/veterinary toxicology to the investigation of effects on wildlife. In parallel, it also linked ecotoxicology to ecology, from both conceptual and methodological viewpoints.
Toxicology
is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
Toxicity
is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism
History
Ecotoxicology is a relatively young discipline that made its debuts in the 1970s
Ecotoxicology emerged after pollution events that occurred after World War II heightened awareness on the impact of toxic chemical and wastewater discharges towards humankind and the environment
The term « Ecotoxicology » was used for the first time in 1969 by René Truhaut, a toxicologist, during an environmental conference in Stockholm.
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
Toxicology is the scientific study of adverse effects that occur in living organisms due to chemicals. It involves observing and reporting symptoms, mechanisms, detection and treatments of toxic substances, in particular relation to the poisoning of humans.
The environmental friendly materials involve the fields of green chemistry, biodegradable, and bio-based materials at the structural, chemical, and physical level, as well as the utilization of principles to reduce or eliminate hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products.
It's about how toxins affect our body and how our body build as defense mechanism to fight it. Biotransformation is a process when these toxins are converted into useful metabolites.
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
Toxicology is the scientific study of adverse effects that occur in living organisms due to chemicals. It involves observing and reporting symptoms, mechanisms, detection and treatments of toxic substances, in particular relation to the poisoning of humans.
The environmental friendly materials involve the fields of green chemistry, biodegradable, and bio-based materials at the structural, chemical, and physical level, as well as the utilization of principles to reduce or eliminate hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products.
It's about how toxins affect our body and how our body build as defense mechanism to fight it. Biotransformation is a process when these toxins are converted into useful metabolites.
Chemical contaminants form a vast chemical soup in the Great Lakes, and from available data, we know exposure may be cause for concern. This workshop will discuss the threat of “emerging contaminants” in the Lakes, as well as give an overview of research, policy implications and recommendations for moving forward.
Environmental contamination is not new but the efforts to do something about it are originated from the widespread concern caused by atmospheric testing. Ecotoxicology is concerned with the toxic effects of chemical and physical agents on living organisms, especially on populations and communities within defined ecosystems; it includes the transfer pathways of those agents and their interactions with the environment. Deepthimahanthi Divya"Ecotoxicology-Study aspects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11057.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/ecology/11057/ecotoxicology-study-aspects/deepthimahanthi-divya
A presentation of emerging contaminants in biosolids, and how these contaminants might affect the use of biosolids recovered from sewage for use in agriculture
BOS 4201, Toxicology 1 Course Learning Outcomes for U.docxaryan532920
BOS 4201, Toxicology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Explain how toxins are processed in biological systems.
2.1 Calculate the mean, median, mode, and dispersion in different types of toxins.
3. Assess the environmental risk of chemical substances based on toxicity.
3.1 Differentiate between pollution and contamination.
3.2 Describe the processes by which chemicals move through the environment.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
2.1 Unit Lesson, Unit Readings
3.1
3.2
Unit Lesson, Unit Readings
Reading Assignment
Chapter 5:
Environmental Pollutants and Their Fate
Chapter 6:
Dose and Response
Unit Lesson
This unit discusses the risks to the
environment from chemical contamination.
Historical incidents are explored in addition
to the factors that affect the fate of
chemicals in the environment. In the past, it
was thought that dilution was the solution to
pollution. Chemicals were released into the
environment, and it was thought that these
chemicals would just blow away until
researchers found persistent chemicals in
locations where they were not being used.
As this became known, new technologies
were invented to capture or reduce the
amount of chemicals.
Chemicals are found almost everywhere in
our environment. They enter our food chain
and can accumulate in animals. As
humans, we are at the top of the food
chain; breastfeeding infants is at the highest level. It has been theorized that infants are the most exposed
group to environmental contaminants.
UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
Environmental Risks
The pollution response unit at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola,
Florida., deploys oil containment booms at Sherman Cove to protect
environmentally sensitive grass beds from the Deepwater Horizon oil
spill on May 4, 2010.
(Nichols, 2010)
BOS 4201, Toxicology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Environmental Pollutants and Their Fate
Pollution is defined as any change in the characteristic of the air, water, or soil that will adversely affect the
health of an organism. A pollutant is any substance released into the environment that may cause adverse
effects. The ecosystem is complex with abiotic and biotic factors being interrelated. Pollutants are often
introduced into the ecosystem and carried into the atmosphere. Precipitation—in the form of rain, sleet, or
snow—can pull the pollutants from the atmosphere and deposit them onto land and into bodies of water,
causing contamination in the soil and water.
Below are some examples of common pollutants found in the environment:
gases (nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide),
metals (lead and mercury),
organics (benzene and toluene),
noise,
photochemical oxidants (ozone), and
radioactive wastes.
The fate of chemicals in the environment is affected by the process in which chemicals are moved and
transforme ...
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds & Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products in ...v2zq
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds & Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
relating to the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
"genetic engineering can alter the nutritional value of food"
*
Lab #11 –
Ecotoxicology
Prelab Discussion
Today’s Lab ObjectivesTo apply your knowledge of ecosystems, population ecology, and ecotoxicology to a case study of the impact of pollution on Daphnia populations and what that might indicate for ecosystems as a whole.
To learn more about the sources and impacts of pollutants on the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, particularly the impacts of organic pollution, acid pollution, and salinity.
To learn more about the use of indicator species and to understand why Daphnia are used as such a species.
Understand what lethal dose/concentration means and how it is specific for each pollutant type.
To practice using credible sources on (at least 2 peer-reviewed) to support your arguments.
Synthesize this information into a final lab report.
In Today’s Lab
Review of Ecosystem BasicsEcosystem: All of the interacting organisms (populations) and abiotic factors that occur in a particular place at a given time
Components of an Ecosystem:
Abiotic - nonliving components e.g. Sunlight, temperature, precipitation, soil/water chemistry
Biotic - all the living things that affect an organism in its environment e.g. Organisms
Example of an Ecosystem
*
Looking at the image below…
how would you define pollution?
*
What is pollution?Definition – unnatural by-products of human activities accumulating in the environment at levels that are harmful to living organism.
Sources of pollution vary
Some specific types of pollution:AcidOrganic ThermalPharmaceuticalSalinity
Acid PollutionDefinition:
sulfur and nitrogen oxides react with air in the atmosphere (and potentially the terrestrially via run-off) to form sulfuric and nitric acids which will reenter the environment via rain.
Acid pollution is extremely detrimental to all organisms (auto- or heterotrophic) in the environment
Acid Rain is a prime example of Acid Pollution.Rainwater with a pH <5.6 = acidic.Side effect of air pollution from industry.
Basic Example of the
Creation of Acid Pollution
*
Organic PollutionDefinition:
compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Examples: Pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, sewage, farm run-off
Organic pollutants canBe persistent in the environment for a long period of timeThey accumulate in human/animal tissues and magnify in food chains.a.k.a. They have significant impacts on human health and the environment as a whole.Are capable of long-range transportCan provide large quantities of of organic compounds and limiting nutrients, which act as substrates (food) for microorganisms, are released into water sources (algal blooms)
Examples of Organic Pollution
*
EutrophicationThe process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates.
These typically promote excessive growth of algae.Algae die, decompose, increase organic material…therefore resulting in oxygen depletion.
The Process of Eutrophication
Bioaccumulati ...
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
3. THE ENVIRONMENT
It is the surrounding medium in
which the animal affects and effect
on it.
* Macro-environment
* Micro-environment
4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Means increase in the percentage
of one or more element of
environmental constituent than
normal or presence of foreign body
in the environment leading to
damage or destruction of the
biological system.
6. ECOTOXICOLOGY
It is concerned with the
harmful effects of chemicals
upon ecosystems. That include
the chronic effects of
anthropogenic chemicals,
chemical mixtures, and natural
substrates on organisms,
structures within ecosystems.
Also on diversity of organisms,
populations, and communities.
8. XENOBIOTIC
• A chemical that is foreign to the
biosphere i.e. is not produced by a
natural biological or a biotic source.
• Also called anthropogenic, man-
made, synthetic, pollutant,
contaminant, recalcitrant, persistent,
and toxicant.
9. ECOSYSTEMS
It is the space where all the
microorganisms, plants, animals, and
humans live.
It includes the air close to the ground, the
soil where the roots of plants are present,
caves, and all surface- water systems,
including depths of oceans.
Ecosystems are part of the biosphere and
are connected to each other by immense
transfers of mass and substrates.
10. The biosphere is
divided into aquatic,
terrestrial systems
and air in the lower
part of the
atmosphere, in
which flying animals
are prevalent and
where substrates are
transferred by the
wind.
Simple
ecosystem
model
11. Environmental toxicology depends on
Lab work
Effects of toxicants on biochemistry and physiology.
Field work
Field observations of reproduction and survival in
polluted vs. non-polluted sites.
Modeling of fate and transport of toxicants in the
environment i.e. exposure and risk assessment
Static models : short term modeling of
ecosystems
Strategic models : model of a specific aspect of a
system
Testable models : model makes predictions that can
be tested in the field or laboratory
12. Purpose/function of environmental toxicology is to
Identify the mode / site of action of a xenobiotic.
FATE and TRANSPORT / interaction of a xenobiotic with the
biosphere (including specific organisms) after it is released
/ pollution occurs.
Identify the effect the xenoboitic has on an ecosystems /
higher level organisation e.g. loss of fertility of Alligators in
Lake Apopca.
Introduction of
xenobiotic
Ecosystem
effect
site of
action
biotransformation
physiology
behavior
community
parameters
biochemistry population
dynamics
13. Introductio
n of
xenobiotic
Ecosystem
effect
DNA
RNA
Receptors
Key enzymes
Biochemical integrity
enzyme induction
Glutathione S Transferase
Mixed Functional Oxidases
Hydrolases
DNA repair mechanisms
Physiology, Behavior
Chromosome damage
Lesions, Necrosis
Tumors
Teratogenic effects
Behavior, Mortality
Community
structure
Diversity
Energy transfer
Stability
Succession
Chemical
parameters
Stress proteins
Metabolic indicators
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition
Adenyl energy charge
Metallothionen production
Immuno suppression
Population density
Productivity
Mating success
Fecundity
Genetic alterations
Competitive alterations
Parameters of xenobiotic interaction with the
ecosystem
14. POLLUTION OF ECOSYSTEMS
Sources of ecosystem pollution
It is usually arises from either:
a) Natural sources or
b) Anthropogenic sources
15. A) NATURAL SOURCES
These sources include:
Metallic ions
Mycotoxins
Soil nutrients
Volcanic activities
16. B) ANTHROPOGENIC
SOURCES
They include:
Industry and agriculture activities.
Botany (alteration of plants by breeding,
selection, and genetic engineering).
Mining, deforestation, transportation and
construction.
Habitations (waste products, sewage, and
debris).
Military activities (radiation, chemical
warfare agents).
17. Classification of the
pollutantI- According to nature of the pollutant
A- Chemical
Inorganic ---- Heavy metals
Organic ---- Cyclic hydrocarbon (propane,
hexane)
Others ---- Fertilizers, pesticides
B- Physical
Electrical, thermal ionizing radiation
C- Biological
Bacteria, virus, parasites, toxins, animal & human
wastes, animal byproduct & decayed &
18. II- According to the environments
A) Air pollutants (Co2, Temp, So2, Lead)
B) Soil pollutants (Fertilizers, pesticides, heavy
metals)
C) Water pollutants (heavy metals,
microorganisms)
III- According to the source
1) Agriculture pollutants
2) Industrial pollutants
3) Military pollutants
4) Natural pollutants (Dust, pollen)
19. According to mode of action (Receptors)
Chemicals that interfere with biochemical receptor
sites
Signaling
proteins in membranes
Replication
Protein synthesis
Chemicals that damage biochemical or molecular
targets
DNA damage
Strange breakage
Chromosome abnormalities
Cancer
Non-genotoxic effects such as immunosuppression
20. Physiological and behavioral effects
Standard tool for assessing toxicological effects on
populations
Tissue lesions
Tumors
Reproductive success
Population success
Population age structure – xenobiotics often
exert a stronger effect on juveniles => a shift in
age structure might indicate that a population is
not doing well, because it is affected by a
xenobiotic.
Shift in bacterial communities – contamination
reduces bacterial diversity; bacterial numbers
often increase because the contaminant is food
for some while it is toxic for others.