This study examines the ecotoxicological effects of wastes and fertilizers on various target organisms. Experiments were conducted on earthworms, ornamental fish (tiger barb), marigold plants, and capsicum plants. The earthworm experiment observed mortality and reproduction under different fly ash concentrations. The fish experiment observed mortality under different concentrations of domestic wastewater. The marigold experiment observed growth under different fertilizer doses. The capsicum experiment observed growth under different fly ash proportions. The results found that fly ash up to 25% and wastewater up to 7ml/L had minimal effects, but higher concentrations inhibited growth or increased mortality. Excessive fertilizers also inhibited plant growth and soil cultivability

1. STUDY OF ECOTOXICOLOGY OF WASTES
AND FERTILIZERS ON TARGET ORGANISMS
PRESENTED BY
AVINASH PANDA | ABHIJEET PANDA | PAIDISETTY RAJITHA

2. TO BE DISCUSSED :-
• Introduction,Objective and scope of study
• Liiterature review
• Experiment on earthworm lumbricus
• Experiment on ornamental fish –tiger barb
• Experiment on marigold plant
• Experiment on capsicum(chilli) plant
• Conclusions
• Bibliography
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION:
It is defined as "the branch of toxicology” concerned with the study of toxic effects, caused by natural or synthetic
pollutants, to the constituents of ecosystems, animal (including human), vegetable and microbial, in an integral
context.
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF STUDY:
The objective of the work is to study the ecotoxicology by conducting bioassays on Earthworm lubricous,
Ornamental Aquarium fish Tiger Barb and Marigold plants
• To observe the mortality and increase in population of earthworms
• To observe the mortality of fish tiger barb in different proportion or percentage of domestic waste water in
water.
• To observe the growth of Marigold plants in different doses of fertilizers.
• To observe the growth of capsicum plant in different proportion or percentage of fly ash

4. LITERATURE REVIEW
• FOR EARTHWORM
Most published ecotoxicological studies on earthworms are focussed on metals (Lowe and butt,2007)while the
effects of pesticides have been less studied.In the scientific literature,most studies on the effects of pesticides
on earthworms were made in the 1980 ‘s.This is the case with many studies on carbofuran(Anton, et
al,1993;Ruppel and Laughlin,1977),benomyl(Stringer and Wright,1976;Wright 1977) .
• FOR FISH
A number of chracteristics make fishes excellent models for toxicological research especially for the
contaminants which are likely to exert their impact on aquatic systems(LAW,2003;DE LA TORRE et al,2010).thus
according to DE LA TORRE et al,(2005) monitoring sentinel fish species is widely used to access the degree of
bioaccumulation of pollutants and the effects on health status
• FOR MARIGOLD AND CHILLI PLANT
As human activity impacts upon the environment on contamination issues are becoming increasingly common
(Fernandes and Henriques ,1991).in Australia there are many documented cases of flyash toxicity including in
mining (Richards et al,1996)and agriculture(Grasmanis and leeper,1966).Sources of metals in soil from
agricultural example fertilizers ,sewage sludge and animal waste used as fertilizers pesticide and irrigation
water agriculture(Grasmanis and leeper,1966)(Reddy et al,1995).

5. EXPERIMENT ON EARTHWORM :-

6.  Green (FE0) - 0:100 (Flyash:
Soil)
 Black (FE25) - 25:75 (Flyash:
Soil)
 Red (FE50) - 50:50 (Flyash: Soil)
 Violet (FE75) - 75:100 (Flyash:
Soil)
 Orange (FE100) - 100:0 (Flyash:
Soil)
FINAL SETUP AND OBSERVATIONS:-

7. ANALYSIS :-
Mainly mortality and reproduction rate of earthworm were observed at regular intervals.
Then it was compared with natural condition (no fly ash) and its deviation was analysed.
RESULT :-
From experiment 1:- It is recommended that while the fly ash is disposed off from the industries and plants,the
concentration must be taken into concern and a concentation of FE 25 can be taken as a limit because this
amount of toxicity will not affect the biology of earthworms.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
no.of earthworms
no.of days
Green Black Red Violet Orange
30 60 60 58 55 52
60 60 60 56 52 45
90 110 130 90 70 50

8. EXPERIMENT ON ORNAMENTAL FISH –TIGER BARB :-
BOWL WITH CLEAN WATER FISHES ADDED INJECTION OF WASTE WATER

9. BOWL1 -5ml BOWL2-7ml BOWL3-10ml BOWL4 -15 ml
Fishes gettingupside down while dying as in fig1 and change in colour occurs to
white as in 2nd figure
FINAL SETUP AND OBSERVATION :-
Bowl1- None died
Bowl 2 -None died
Bowl 3 -1 died within 50
minutes and 2nd died after
90 mins and 3rd after 5
hours.
Bowl4 - Within 35 mins 2
died and in two hours 3
other died

10. ANALYSIS
The physical and chemical properties of waste water was tested .This was compared with the natural
condition of fish . The mortality rate was observed at different sample condition. .
RESULTS
From above observations, it is found that Tiger Barb is resistant to concentration of 5-7 ml domestic
waste water in 620 ml of standard water and if concentration of waste water is exceeded, there is
loss of life. So while disposing waste water, in river it should have required to be diluted in sucha a
way to get required dilutions or should be treated properly before discharging in to the river to save
the aquatic life.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS:-

11. 18 gms each for 4days 36 gms each for 4 days 54gms each for 4days 72gms each for 4 days Standard water
Chemicals fertilizer- phosphorus, urea,
potash
EXPERIMENT ON MARIGOLD PLANT:-

12. ANALYSIS
Only physical analysis was done as per daily observation and it was compared with natural condition (without
addition of fertilizers) and growth of marigold plants.
RESULTS
Excessive chemicals result in toxicity and decaying in plants. Natural growth is disrupted. Also it affects the soil
properties making it uncultivable for other plants. We sown 25 -30 bean seeds on the soil augmented by
fertilizer but there was no initial growth after observing for 15 days.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS :-

13. EXPERIMENT ON CAPSICUM (CHILLI)
EXPERIMENT ON CAPSICUM(CHILLI) :-
• The plant was taken and fly ash was added in
different proportions
• sequential growth of plants was measured in
the interval of 15 days
• The following parameters were observed:-
i) Height of the plants
ii) Shoot and root length of all plant.

14. Growth of Chilli plants after 20 days Chilli plant after 100 day
OBSERVATIONS :-

15. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
Shootlenghincm
% of fly ash used
S.L after 4 days
S.Lafter 12 days
S.L after 20 days
S.Lafter 50 days
S.L after 100 days
ANALYSIS OF SHOOT LENGTH:-

16. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 10 20 30 50 100
Rootlengthincm
% of fly ash used
R.L after 50 days
R.L after 100 days
ANALYSIS OF ROOT LENGTH:-

17. RESULTS :
From the results it can be observed that addition of fly ash does not have any adverse effect on
chilli plant up to 10 – 20 %. But addition of fly ash beyond this inhibits the growth of plants.

18. CONCLUSIONS :
FROM TIGER BARB EXPERIMENT:
It is found that Tiger Barb is resistant to concentration of 5-7 ml domestic waste water
in 620 ml of standard water and if concentration of waste water is exceeded, there is
loss of life
FROM EARTHWORM EXPERIMENT :
It is recommended that while the fly ash is disposed off from the industries and
plants,the concentration must be taken into concern and a concentation of FE 25 can
be taken as a limit
FROM MARIGOLD PLANT EXPERIMENT:
Excessive chemicals result in toxicity and decaying in plants. Natural growth is
disrupted. Also it affects the soil properties making it uncultivable for other plants
FROM CAPSICUM(CHILLI) PLANT :
addition of fly ash does not have any adverse effect on chilli plant up to 10 – 20 %.
But addition of fly ash beyond this inhibits the growth of plants.

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY :
• www.agrifarming.in
• Hindalco sustainability Report 2014-2015
• En.m.wikipedia.org
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• www.fishbase.ac
• animalworld.com
• m.liveaquaria.com
• www.fishlore.com

20. REFERENCES :
• Bonnard M.,EomI.C,MorelJ.L.,Vassuer P.Genotoxic and Reproductive effect of an industrially contaminated soil
on the Eisenia fetida(Amelida,Oligocheta)Chemosphere .2009;74:621-625
• Saxe j.k Impellitteri CA,Peijnenburg W.J ,Allen H.E Novel model describing trace metal concentration on the
earthworm.Esisenia Andrei.Environ.Sci.Technol 2001;35:4522-4529
• J.C Sanchez Hernandez ,” Earthworm biomarkers in ecological risk assessment “ Reviews of
environmental Contamination and Toxicology,vol 188,pp-85-126 ,2006

21. THANK YOU !

22. QUERIES ???