Air pollution

1. Ecotoxicology chapter1
OTHER PROCESS
BY Professor Eman Ezz Eldawela Elsharkawy
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,
Assiut Univeristy

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
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2
3
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5
6
Introduction
Chapter 1 Air pollution
Chapter 2 Hazards of air pollution
Chapter 3 Aquatic pollution
Chapter 4 Hazards of aquatic pollution
Chapter 5 Terrestrial pollution
Chapter 6 Hazards of terrestrial pollution

3. Ecotoxicology
is concerned with the harmful effects
of chemicals upon ecosystems that, the
chronic effects of anthropogenic
chemicals, chemical mixtures, and
natural substrates on organisms,
structures within ecosystems diversity
of organisms, populations, and
communities.

4. How big is an ecosystem?
Ecosystems
The biosphere is identical to the space where all the
microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans live.

5. Pollution of ecosystems
 Sources of ecosystem pollution
a) Natural sources
These sources include metallic ions, mycotoxins, soil nutrients and
volcanic activities.
b) Anthropogenic sources
They include industry, agriculture, botany (alteration of plants by
breeding, selection, and genetic engineering), mining, transportation,
construction, habitations (waste products, sewage, and debris),
deforestation and military activities (radiation, chemical warfare
agents).

6. The pollution of ecosystem is divided into:
Air pollution
Aquatic pollution
Terrestrial pollution

7. Air pollution
Sources of air pollution
Pollutants are discharged into the atmosphere in gaseous
state from Combustion of fuel, open fires industrial
processing of metals, gasoline synthetic chemicals and
the domestic energy supply.
Air pollution is mainly an urban problem. Air pollutants originate
from geographical, biological and man-made sources.

8.  Carbon monoxide (CO)and carbon dioxide (CO2).
 Sulfur dioxide (SO2).
 Oxides of nitrogen (NO2).
 Volatile organic compounds such as benzene, and
toluene
 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as
benzopyrene, hydrogen fluoride and
chlorofluorocarbons.
 Metals, non metals and other suspended
particulate matter.
.
Types of pollutants

9.  Air pollutants enter the body
predominantly through inhalation i.e.
lungs.
 Some of these chemicals are absorbed
into blood and some that are not
absorbed are retained by the lungs.
 The hazards and toxicity of air pollutants
may be acute due to exposure to high
concentration of pollutants (e.g. Bhopal
gas tragedy due to methyleisocyanate) or
may chronic due to long term exposure
to low levels of pollutants.
 Respiratory ailments are common in
animals or people living in urban areas
than those in village as air pollution is
precipitating factor.
Toxic effects of air pollution

10. Hawksworth, David L.; Bull, Alan T. (2008). Biodiversity and Conservation
in Europe. Springer. p. 3390.
Maltby, L. and Naylor, C., 1990. Preliminary observations on the
ecological relevance of the Gammarusscope for growth'assay: effect of
zinc on reproduction. Functional Ecology, pp.393-397.
Odum, E.P. and Barrett, G.W., 1971. Fundamentals of ecology (Vol. 3, p.
5). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. and Ferry, P.A. (2010). "Links between global
taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of
vertebrates on land". Biology Letters. 6 (4): 544–547.
References

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To be continued in
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ecotoxicology2
Author email for further notes
medicine1971@yahoo.com