*
Lab #11 –
Ecotoxicology
Prelab Discussion
Today’s Lab ObjectivesTo apply your knowledge of ecosystems, population ecology, and ecotoxicology to a case study of the impact of pollution on Daphnia populations and what that might indicate for ecosystems as a whole.
To learn more about the sources and impacts of pollutants on the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, particularly the impacts of organic pollution, acid pollution, and salinity.
To learn more about the use of indicator species and to understand why Daphnia are used as such a species.
Understand what lethal dose/concentration means and how it is specific for each pollutant type.
To practice using credible sources on (at least 2 peer-reviewed) to support your arguments.
Synthesize this information into a final lab report.
In Today’s Lab
Review of Ecosystem BasicsEcosystem: All of the interacting organisms (populations) and abiotic factors that occur in a particular place at a given time
Components of an Ecosystem:
Abiotic - nonliving components e.g. Sunlight, temperature, precipitation, soil/water chemistry
Biotic - all the living things that affect an organism in its environment e.g. Organisms
Example of an Ecosystem
*
Looking at the image below…
how would you define pollution?
*
What is pollution?Definition – unnatural by-products of human activities accumulating in the environment at levels that are harmful to living organism.
Sources of pollution vary
Some specific types of pollution:AcidOrganic ThermalPharmaceuticalSalinity
Acid PollutionDefinition:
sulfur and nitrogen oxides react with air in the atmosphere (and potentially the terrestrially via run-off) to form sulfuric and nitric acids which will reenter the environment via rain.
Acid pollution is extremely detrimental to all organisms (auto- or heterotrophic) in the environment
Acid Rain is a prime example of Acid Pollution.Rainwater with a pH <5.6 = acidic.Side effect of air pollution from industry.
Basic Example of the
Creation of Acid Pollution
*
Organic PollutionDefinition:
compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Examples: Pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, sewage, farm run-off
Organic pollutants canBe persistent in the environment for a long period of timeThey accumulate in human/animal tissues and magnify in food chains.a.k.a. They have significant impacts on human health and the environment as a whole.Are capable of long-range transportCan provide large quantities of of organic compounds and limiting nutrients, which act as substrates (food) for microorganisms, are released into water sources (algal blooms)
Examples of Organic Pollution
*
EutrophicationThe process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates.
These typically promote excessive growth of algae.Algae die, decompose, increase organic material…therefore resulting in oxygen depletion.
The Process of Eutrophication
Bioaccumulati ...
Chemical communications among plant and animal components are fundamental elements for the functioning and the connectivity of ecosystems. In particular, wound-activated infochemicals trigger specific reactions of invertebrates according to evolutionary constraints, permitting them to identify prey cues, escape predators and optimize their behaviors according to specific life strategies.
Chemical communications among plant and animal components are fundamental elements for the functioning and the connectivity of ecosystems. In particular, wound-activated infochemicals trigger specific reactions of invertebrates according to evolutionary constraints, permitting them to identify prey cues, escape predators and optimize their behaviors according to specific life strategies.
Two of the charter members of The Long Island Clean Water Partnership, The Citizen's Campaign For The Environment, and The Group For The East End, offer this overview of the state of Long Island's waters -- what is polluting them and what we can do about it. The CCE's Adrienne Esposito and the GFTEE by Bob DeLuca.
Long Island gets its drinking water from the ground. Whatever we do on the surface eventually makes it into the aquifer, and into our drinking water, our rivers and bays.
The largest issue is nitrates from septic tanks, from the 200+ small sewage treatment plants, and from fertilizer, both residential and commercial leaching into the ground water, and then to our bays, where they trigger massive algal blooms -- brown tide, red tide, rust tide, blue green algae. These blooms have already destroyed much of our bay's habitats, resulting in a collapse of the shellfish and finfish population. To reverse this situation, we must impose much stricter limits on how much nitrogen can enter into our ground water from the plants, farms, and from the 500,000 septic tanks that dot Long Island.
Another major threat to Long Island water is VOCS (volatile organic chemicals). While there are 254 superfund sites on Long Island, the largest source of these VOCs are household products -- cleaners, paint strippers, aerosols. 100,000 tons of household hazardous waste is disposed of improperly every year in New York.
A further threat is the 117 pesticides now found in our drinking water. Even when banned, they remain in our environment for decades.
Finally, the improper disposal of household pharmaceuticals means that these drugs are entering into our ecosystem, with effects unknown. We must stop flushing or throwing out unused prescriptions, but dispose of them only at designated county locations.
In all, there are a number of things we can do now to help LI become sustainable for future generations: Push for new technologies and new policies that would limit nitrogenous waste from our septic and sewer systems. Stop using high nitrogen lawn and agricultural fertilizers. Dispose of your household waste properly. Any chemical you use at home will end up in the ground water unless disposed of properly. Don't pour oils, grease, and chemicals down the drain. Use green, friendly home cleaning products.
Finally, since the major contributor to Long Island's water problems has been overdevelopment (without the requisite infrastructure to support it), we need to protect what green spaces we have left.
Monitoring pharmaceutical residues in sewage treatment plants , water treatment plants,rivers and fresh water lakes rises the concern of it's possible impact on human health and aquatic health.it's persistence in environment create many question about their fate and possible toxicity to human on along term of exposure ,microorganisms and sensitive aquatic species.however it’s concentration isn't critical to create adverse effect on human studies proved some effects on aquatic organisms .multi effort should be done to assess it's risk and create a technique to get rid of it.
This lecture note describes the process of Effluent Treatment (ET). Emphasis is give to the biological aspects of ET. Free to reuse, remix, modify and share for non-commercial and commercial purposes.
Toxicology
is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
Toxicity
is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism
History
Ecotoxicology is a relatively young discipline that made its debuts in the 1970s
Ecotoxicology emerged after pollution events that occurred after World War II heightened awareness on the impact of toxic chemical and wastewater discharges towards humankind and the environment
The term « Ecotoxicology » was used for the first time in 1969 by René Truhaut, a toxicologist, during an environmental conference in Stockholm.
ABSTRACT- Comparative toxicity of Nerium indicum latex powder (NILP) was studied against two common predatory and weed fishes of different body size in laboratory condition and cemented and muddy pond. LC50 of NILP for predatory fish Channa punctatus was 2.13 mg/L, 7.80 mg/L and 19.26 mg/L to small size, middle size and large size fish respectively in laboratory condition after 24 h exposure periods. Similar trends were also observed in case of cemented and muddy ponds but doses were 1-4 times higher than laboratory conditions. Similar trend of result was also observed against weed fish Mystus mystus. No further mortality was observed beyond 24 h in all set of experiments suggested fast degradation of the toxicant in water.
Key-words- Toxicity, Fish, Botanicals, Nerium indicum, Piscicidal Activity
تعد هذه الأنظمة هى الأقوى تجاريا فى معالجة مياه صرف المنازل و الصرف الصحى فهى صديقة للبيئة و من خلالها يتم التخلص مباشرة من ملوثات المياه, المواد الملونه, الروائح و الكائنات الحية الدقيقة فهى تأتى لتحل محل الكلورين و تتفوق عليه بخفض إستخدام المواد الكيميائية الخطيرة فى عملية المعالجة, مولد الأوزون يلعب الدور الرئيسى فى إنتاج الأوزون من غاز الأكسجين فى مكان التشغيل
http://rheoserve.com/index.html#portfolio
1. Discuss the organization and the family role in every one of the.docxcroysierkathey
1. Discuss the organization and the family role in every one of the heritages mentioned about and how they affect (positively or negatively) the delivery of health care.
2. Identify sociocultural variables within the Irish, Italian and Puerto Rican heritage and mention some examples.
References must be no older than 5 years. A minimum of 700 words is required.
.
1. Compare and contrast DEmilios Capitalism and Gay Identity .docxcroysierkathey
1. Compare and contrast D'Emilio's
Capitalism and Gay Identity
with the
From Mary to Modern Woman
reading. What patterns do you see that are similar to the modern American society? What can be said about global notions of gender in the modern age? Feel free to invoke Foucault.
2. How is the writer's experience important in the story being told in
Middlesex
? Describe your reaction to the reading and invoke some of the concepts discussed in the
Queer Theory
reading to try to make sense of sexuality when it does not match your own conventions. Compare both readings, but go deeper to explore your own stereotypes and socialization.
**PLEASE READ THE READINGS IN ODER TO DO THIS ASSIGNMENT.
.
More Related Content
Similar to Lab #11 – EcotoxicologyPrelab DiscussionT.docx
Two of the charter members of The Long Island Clean Water Partnership, The Citizen's Campaign For The Environment, and The Group For The East End, offer this overview of the state of Long Island's waters -- what is polluting them and what we can do about it. The CCE's Adrienne Esposito and the GFTEE by Bob DeLuca.
Long Island gets its drinking water from the ground. Whatever we do on the surface eventually makes it into the aquifer, and into our drinking water, our rivers and bays.
The largest issue is nitrates from septic tanks, from the 200+ small sewage treatment plants, and from fertilizer, both residential and commercial leaching into the ground water, and then to our bays, where they trigger massive algal blooms -- brown tide, red tide, rust tide, blue green algae. These blooms have already destroyed much of our bay's habitats, resulting in a collapse of the shellfish and finfish population. To reverse this situation, we must impose much stricter limits on how much nitrogen can enter into our ground water from the plants, farms, and from the 500,000 septic tanks that dot Long Island.
Another major threat to Long Island water is VOCS (volatile organic chemicals). While there are 254 superfund sites on Long Island, the largest source of these VOCs are household products -- cleaners, paint strippers, aerosols. 100,000 tons of household hazardous waste is disposed of improperly every year in New York.
A further threat is the 117 pesticides now found in our drinking water. Even when banned, they remain in our environment for decades.
Finally, the improper disposal of household pharmaceuticals means that these drugs are entering into our ecosystem, with effects unknown. We must stop flushing or throwing out unused prescriptions, but dispose of them only at designated county locations.
In all, there are a number of things we can do now to help LI become sustainable for future generations: Push for new technologies and new policies that would limit nitrogenous waste from our septic and sewer systems. Stop using high nitrogen lawn and agricultural fertilizers. Dispose of your household waste properly. Any chemical you use at home will end up in the ground water unless disposed of properly. Don't pour oils, grease, and chemicals down the drain. Use green, friendly home cleaning products.
Finally, since the major contributor to Long Island's water problems has been overdevelopment (without the requisite infrastructure to support it), we need to protect what green spaces we have left.
Monitoring pharmaceutical residues in sewage treatment plants , water treatment plants,rivers and fresh water lakes rises the concern of it's possible impact on human health and aquatic health.it's persistence in environment create many question about their fate and possible toxicity to human on along term of exposure ,microorganisms and sensitive aquatic species.however it’s concentration isn't critical to create adverse effect on human studies proved some effects on aquatic organisms .multi effort should be done to assess it's risk and create a technique to get rid of it.
This lecture note describes the process of Effluent Treatment (ET). Emphasis is give to the biological aspects of ET. Free to reuse, remix, modify and share for non-commercial and commercial purposes.
Toxicology
is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
Toxicity
is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism
History
Ecotoxicology is a relatively young discipline that made its debuts in the 1970s
Ecotoxicology emerged after pollution events that occurred after World War II heightened awareness on the impact of toxic chemical and wastewater discharges towards humankind and the environment
The term « Ecotoxicology » was used for the first time in 1969 by René Truhaut, a toxicologist, during an environmental conference in Stockholm.
ABSTRACT- Comparative toxicity of Nerium indicum latex powder (NILP) was studied against two common predatory and weed fishes of different body size in laboratory condition and cemented and muddy pond. LC50 of NILP for predatory fish Channa punctatus was 2.13 mg/L, 7.80 mg/L and 19.26 mg/L to small size, middle size and large size fish respectively in laboratory condition after 24 h exposure periods. Similar trends were also observed in case of cemented and muddy ponds but doses were 1-4 times higher than laboratory conditions. Similar trend of result was also observed against weed fish Mystus mystus. No further mortality was observed beyond 24 h in all set of experiments suggested fast degradation of the toxicant in water.
Key-words- Toxicity, Fish, Botanicals, Nerium indicum, Piscicidal Activity
تعد هذه الأنظمة هى الأقوى تجاريا فى معالجة مياه صرف المنازل و الصرف الصحى فهى صديقة للبيئة و من خلالها يتم التخلص مباشرة من ملوثات المياه, المواد الملونه, الروائح و الكائنات الحية الدقيقة فهى تأتى لتحل محل الكلورين و تتفوق عليه بخفض إستخدام المواد الكيميائية الخطيرة فى عملية المعالجة, مولد الأوزون يلعب الدور الرئيسى فى إنتاج الأوزون من غاز الأكسجين فى مكان التشغيل
http://rheoserve.com/index.html#portfolio
1. Discuss the organization and the family role in every one of the.docxcroysierkathey
1. Discuss the organization and the family role in every one of the heritages mentioned about and how they affect (positively or negatively) the delivery of health care.
2. Identify sociocultural variables within the Irish, Italian and Puerto Rican heritage and mention some examples.
References must be no older than 5 years. A minimum of 700 words is required.
.
1. Compare and contrast DEmilios Capitalism and Gay Identity .docxcroysierkathey
1. Compare and contrast D'Emilio's
Capitalism and Gay Identity
with the
From Mary to Modern Woman
reading. What patterns do you see that are similar to the modern American society? What can be said about global notions of gender in the modern age? Feel free to invoke Foucault.
2. How is the writer's experience important in the story being told in
Middlesex
? Describe your reaction to the reading and invoke some of the concepts discussed in the
Queer Theory
reading to try to make sense of sexuality when it does not match your own conventions. Compare both readings, but go deeper to explore your own stereotypes and socialization.
**PLEASE READ THE READINGS IN ODER TO DO THIS ASSIGNMENT.
.
1.Purpose the purpose of this essay is to spread awareness .docxcroysierkathey
1.
Purpose: the purpose of this essay is to spread awareness around stereotyping and how it can be very hurtful to some people.
2.
Audience: Anyone that uses stereotypical jokes or saying around people that are different than them even without realizing that they are making a stereotypical joke or statement.
3.
Genre: the genre that I will be trying to reach out to in this essay will be informational, reason being is that I mainly look at informational online documentaries and stories.
4.
Stance and tone: I’m just a young man who grew up around a lot of people from different places and have different cultures and never paid attention in my younger years to what was happening from stereotyping others that they are different till recently.
5.
Graphic design
: My essay will be a strict academic essay
.
1. Tell us why it is your favorite film.2. Talk about the .docxcroysierkathey
1. Tell us why it is your favorite film.
2. Talk about the interconnection between the aesthetic and the technical aspects of the film. This should include at least seven of the following: Editing, Film Structure, Cinematography, Lighting, Colors, Screenwriting, Special effects, Sound and Music.
3. After this course, will you see you favorite film in a different light? Why or why not?
.
1.What are the main issues facing Fargo and Town Manager Susan.docxcroysierkathey
1.What are the main issues facing Fargo and Town Manager Susan Harlow?
Fargo and Town Manager Harlow are on a slippery slope to corruption. I think that Harlow is handling her position the correct way by trying to remain neutral and sticking to a code of ethics so the problem really comes down to the political actors in the town. It is good that Harlow declined the invite to the dinner party, and cracked down on employees playing politics at work, that is a step in the right direction to removing the possibility of political corruption.
2.What is the basis for your answer to question #1?
At the end of the article Harlow remembers another city manager saying “you never have more authority than the day you walk into your office” What I get from that, and what I think Harlow got from that is that when you come into a position as a public manager everyone is going to want something from you. Political actors are going to want political favors, quid pro quos, you have something that everyone else wants and they are going to try and get that from you.
3.What are your recommended solutions to the problems you identified?
I think the best thing to do would be to continue to try to remain neutral. It will always be impossible to please absolutely everybody so the best thing to do is try to avoid doing everything everyone asks and stick to some sort of code of ethics.
4.What points do you agree, disagree or want further discussion from your fellow classmates and why? (tell them not me)
I think the overarching theme of this article is that people are going to want things from the government. I agree with Harlow's steps to avoid political corruption in her administration by cracking down on political favors with the snow plows and referring to the ICMA code of ethics.
.
1.Writing Practice in Reading a PhotographAttached Files.docxcroysierkathey
1.
Writing: Practice in Reading a Photograph
Attached Files:
Bachman, Ieshia Evans, Baton Rouge (2016).jpg
(277.283 KB)
For this assignment, you will practice analyzing how various rhetorical elements contribute to the overall meaning of a visual image--in this case, a photograph. To begin, click on the attached image.
By way of some context, this photo was taken in 2016 at a protest rally in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The woman in the photo is named Ieshia Evans. The photographer is named Jonathan Bachman. Bachman's photo, which was first published by Reuters, was a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize in 2017. You can use this information to do more research on the image, if you like.
Now, review once again the Elements and Methods of Visual Rhetoric document and select from it
three
elements that you wish to discuss in relation to this photo. Please note that this is not a formal essay assignment, so do not treat it as such. For example, you do not need to create a formal introduction.
Begin by simply providing an
interpretive claim
--i.e., stating what you believe is the meaning or message of Bachman's photo. Ideally, this should be just
one
sentence (tho you can write two if necessary). After that, your document simply needs to contain
three paragraphs
, one for each rhetorical element you have selected. In each paragraph, you need to explain fully how the particular element contributes to the overall meaning or message of the image.
Note: Your assignment must be submitted as an attached .doc or .docx file. Name your file correctly, using your last name and brief description of assignment (e.g., Martinez, Photograph.docx).
2.
DB: Interpreting Political Ads
In this discussion board, you will be discussing and interpreting a recent political ad entitled "Mourning in America," which was produced by The Lincoln Project, a political action committee (PAC). If you are not familiar with the group, take a moment to research it, as that context will add to your understanding and interpretation. You can
click here
to view the ad.
As you watch "Mourning in America", think carefully about how this political advertisement compares and contrasts with Ronald Reagan's "Morning in America" ad, in terms of its rhetorical methods as well as its overall message. You will be asked to comment on
three
specific rhetorical elements, so decide which ones stand out most to you and take careful notes on those to prepare for the discussion.
When you are ready, click the link above to enter the Discussion Board, and then follow the instructions in the first thread posted in this forum for responding to this material.
Questions:-
Mourning in America
COLLAPSE
Your task here is to share with your peers your ideas on how
three
specific rhetorical elements or your choosing are used in this ad to make its appeal to an audience and to convey a message.
1. Identity the three rhetorical elements that you have selected and then
explain
how each .
1.Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial activitie.docxcroysierkathey
1.Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial activities, and others say they do not. Discuss arguments for both points of view.
2.What are some of the major privacy concerns in employing intelligent systems on mobile data?
3. Identify some cases of violations of user privacy from current literature and their impact on data science as a profession.
4.Search the Internet to find examples of how intelligent systems can facilitate activities such as empowerment, mass customization, and teamwork.
Note: Each question must be answered in 5 lines and refrences must be APA cited.
.
1.What is the psychological term for the symptoms James experiences .docxcroysierkathey
1.What is the psychological term for the symptoms James experiences after abstaining from consuming
alcohol? How do changes in the functioning of neurotransmitter systems produce these symptoms?
2.With reference to associative learning principles/models/theories, why does James consume alcohol
to alleviate these symptoms? What motivates his drinking behaviour given that he no longer enjoys this
activity (most of the time)?
3.How do these factors prevent James from quitting his drinking, and lead to a cycle of relapse when he
attempts to do so? Why are these processes important for our understanding of addiction and
substance use disorders.
1 Page
at least 3 sources
APA
.
1.Write at least 500 words discussing the benefits of using R with H.docxcroysierkathey
1.Write at least 500 words discussing the benefits of using R with Hadoop. Use APA format and Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks.
2.Write at least 500 words discussing how insurance companies use text mining to reduce fraud. Use APA format and Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks.
.
1.What is Starbucks’ ROA for 2012, 2011, and 2010 Why might focusin.docxcroysierkathey
1.What is Starbucks’ ROA for 2012, 2011, and 2010? Why might focusing specifically on ROA be misleading when assessing asset management (aka management efficiency)?
2.Why is ROE considered the most useful metric in measuring the overall ability of a business strategy to generate returns for shareholders?
3. How do the financial statements reveal company strategy (i.e., what story do the numbers tell and does that story align with the strategy of Starbucks?)?
.
1. Discuss the cultural development of the Japanese and the Jewis.docxcroysierkathey
1. Discuss the cultural development of the Japanese and the Jewish heritage.
2. What are the cultural beliefs of the Japanese and Jewish heritage related to health care and how they influence the delivery of evidence-based healthcare?
A minimum of 2 evidence-based references
no older than 5 years is required.
A minimum of 600 words
(excluding the first and references page) is required.
.
1. Discuss at least 2 contextual factors(family, peers, school,.docxcroysierkathey
1.
Discuss at least 2 contextual factors(family, peers, school, community, work, etc.) that might make young people more or less likely to experience adolescence as a period of storm and stress.
2. How might the dramatic physical changes that adolescents undergo—and the accompanying reactions from others—influence other aspects of development, such as social or emotional development?
3. Describe some ways in which adolescent decision making is a product of interactions among puberty, brain development, cognitive growth, and contextual influences such as parents, peers, and community.
.
1.Write at least 500 words in APA format discussing how to use senti.docxcroysierkathey
1.Write at least 500 words in APA format discussing how to use sentiment analysis how political speech affects voters. Use at least 3 references in APA format.
2.Read the below article(link below) on statistics for categorical variables. Write at least 500 words in APA format discussing how to use these statistics to help understand big data.
Link: https://uc-r.github.io/descriptives_categorical
.
1.The following clause was added to the Food and Drug Actthe S.docxcroysierkathey
1.The following clause was added to the Food and Drug Act:
“the Secretary [of the Food and Drug Administration] shall not approve for use in food any chemical additive found to induce cancer in man, or, after tests, found to induce cancer in animals.”
After this clause was adopted, no new additives could be approved for use in food if they caused cancer in people or animals.
The public loved this and industry hated it.
What do you think of this clause? Do you support it or do you oppose it?
At the top of your post, please indicate SUPPORT or OPPOSE and then give your rationale. Then after you can view your classmates' posts, make your case to your fellow students.
2.There was a law that individuals who were indigent and who wished to litigate could apply to the courts for a total waiver of the normal filing fee. In the legislative session, however, a statute was enacted which limits the courts' authority to waive filing fees in lawsuits brought by prisoners against the state government.
Under this new law, a court has to require the prisoner to pay a filing fee "equal to 20 percent ... of the average monthly deposits made to the prisoner's [prison] account ... or the average balance in that account", whichever is greater (unless this calculation yields a figure larger than the normal filing fee).
A prisoner (who was indigent) wanted to appeal his case and was to be charged this fee. He filed suit claiming it was unconstitutional to charge this fee to prisoners.
Choose the side of the prisoner or the side of the state and tell why you would rule for the side you chose.
At the top of your post, please indicate SUPPORT PRISONER or OPPOSE PRISONER and then give your rationale. After you can view your classmates' posts, make your case to your fellow students.
3.A defendant pleaded guilty to receiving and possessing child pornography and was sentenced to 108 months in prison. The sentencing judge raised the defendant’s base offense level….by two levels because "a computer was used for the transmission" of the illegal material.
The appeal filed challenged the punishment enhancement (not his guilt of the base punishment.)
The defendant argued the law did not apply to him because he did not use a computer to transmit the material. (ie He was the receiver, not the sender, of the child pornography.)
Do you believe that the sentence enhancement should be upheld? Give an economic analysis and rational for your choice.
At the top of your post, please indicate SENTENCE UPHELD or SENTENCE REVERSED and then give your economic analysis/rationale. After you can view your classmates' posts, make your case to your fellow students.
4.The ordinance was enacted that gives tenants more legal rights including:
the payment of interest on security deposits;
requires that those deposits be held in Illinois banks;
allows (with some limitations) a tenant to withhold rent in an amount reflecting the cost to him of the landlord's v.
1.What are social determinants of health Explain how social determ.docxcroysierkathey
1.What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.
Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
2. Select a global health issue affecting the international health community. Briefly describe the global health issue and its impact on the larger public health care systems (i.e., continents, regions, countries, states, and health departments). Discuss how health care delivery systems work collaboratively to address global health concerns and some of the stakeholders that work on these issues.
Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
.
1.This week, we’ve been introduced to the humanities and have ta.docxcroysierkathey
1.
This week, we’ve been introduced to the humanities and have taken some time to consider the role of the humanities in establishing socio-cultural values, including how the humanities differ from the sciences in terms of offering unique lenses on the world and our reality. Since one of the greatest rewards of being a human is engaging with different forms of art, we’ve taken some time this week to learn about what it means to identify and respond to a work of art. We’ve learned about the difference between abstract ideas and concrete images and concepts like structure and artistic form. To help you deepen your understanding of these foundational ideas, your Unit 1 assignment will consist of writing an essay addressing using the following criteria:
Essay Requirements:
• 1,000 words or roughly four double-spaced pages.
• Make use of at least three scholarly sources to support and develop your ideas. Our course text may serve as one of these three sources.
• Your essay should demonstrate a thorough understanding of the READ and ATTEND sections.
• Be sure to cite your sources using proper APA format (7th edition).
Essay Prompt:
• In this essay, you will consider the meaning of art and artistic form by responding to these questions:
o To what extent does Kevin Carter’s Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph (figure 2-5) have artistic form?
o Using what you’ve learned in Chapters 1, 2 and 14 explain if you consider Carter’s photograph a work of art? Be sure to point to specific qualities of the photograph to support/develop your response.
o How do you measure the intensity of your experience in response to Carter’s photograph? What does it make you see/feel/imagine and how does your response/reaction support Carter’s image as a work of art?
.
1.What are barriers to listening2.Communicators identif.docxcroysierkathey
1.
What are barriers to listening?
2.
Communicators identified the following as major listening poor habits. Search what each poor habit means and try to set an example using your own experience.
Poor listening habit:
Pseudo-listening, Stage hogging, Filling in gaps, Selective listening, Ambushing (
Definition & Example)
.
1.Timeline description and details There are multiple way.docxcroysierkathey
1.
Timeline description and details
: There are multiple ways to construct a timeline. Find one that fits you and your information.
Include 10-15 events, each including the following descriptors:
- titles of books or writings or some sort of identifier
- your age or some time reference
- and whether it was a positive or negative experience
.
1.The PresidentArticle II of the Constitution establishe.docxcroysierkathey
1.
The President
Article II of the Constitution established the institution of the presidency. Select any TWO Presidents prior to 1933 and any TWO Presidents since 1933 and for EACH one:
a.
Discuss
any
expressed
power used by each president and the
impact
that decision had on American society at the time of its use
b.
Explain
whether you
agree/disagree
with the presidential action taken and
WHY
c.
Describe
one
legislative initiative
promoted by each president and the
impact
on America at the
time of its passage
as well as what the impact of that legislation is
TODAY
d.
Discuss
one
executive order
issued by each president and whether you
agree/disagree
with the order and
WHY
1.
Select any FOUR United States Supreme court decisions related to Civil Rights/Civil Liberties and for
each one
:
a.
Describe
the facts of the case
b.
Discuss
the arguments of each side as it pertains to the
Constitutional issue
being addressed
c.
Explain
the decision citing
Constitutional rationale
of the court including any dissenting opinion if not a unanimous verdict
d.
Explain
whether you
agree/disagree
with the court’s decision and
WHY
.
1.What other potential root causes might influence patient fal.docxcroysierkathey
1.
What other potential root causes might influence patient falls?
2.
Equipped with the data, what would you do about the hypotheses that proved to be unsupported?
3.
Based on the correctly identified hypothesis in the case scenario, what would be your course of action if you were the CEO/president of St. Xavier Memorial Hospital?
4.
What do you think of the CNO’s (Sara Mullins) position of “waiting and seeing what the data tells us” instead of immediately jumping to conclusions?
.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. *
Lab #11 –
Ecotoxicology
Prelab Discussion
Today’s Lab ObjectivesTo apply your knowledge of ecosystems,
population ecology, and ecotoxicology to a case study of the
impact of pollution on Daphnia populations and what that might
indicate for ecosystems as a whole.
To learn more about the sources and impacts of pollutants on
the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, particularly the impacts of
organic pollution, acid pollution, and salinity.
To learn more about the use of indicator species and to
understand why Daphnia are used as such a species.
Understand what lethal dose/concentration means and how it is
specific for each pollutant type.
To practice using credible sources on (at least 2 peer-reviewed)
to support your arguments.
Synthesize this information into a final lab report.
In Today’s Lab
2. Review of Ecosystem BasicsEcosystem: All of the interacting
organisms (populations) and abiotic factors that occur in a
particular place at a given time
Components of an Ecosystem:
Abiotic - nonliving components e.g. Sunlight, temperature,
precipitation, soil/water chemistry
Biotic - all the living things that affect an organism in its
environment e.g. Organisms
Example of an Ecosystem
*
Looking at the image below…
how would you define pollution?
*
What is pollution?Definition – unnatural by-products of human
activities accumulating in the environment at levels that are
harmful to living organism.
Sources of pollution vary
Some specific types of pollution:AcidOrganic
ThermalPharmaceuticalSalinity
3. Acid PollutionDefinition:
sulfur and nitrogen oxides react with air in the atmosphere (and
potentially the terrestrially via run-off) to form sulfuric and
nitric acids which will reenter the environment via rain.
Acid pollution is extremely detrimental to all organisms (auto-
or heterotrophic) in the environment
Acid Rain is a prime example of Acid Pollution.Rainwater with
a pH <5.6 = acidic.Side effect of air pollution from industry.
Basic Example of the
Creation of Acid Pollution
*
Organic PollutionDefinition:
compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Examples: Pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, sewage, farm run-
off
Organic pollutants canBe persistent in the environment for a
long period of timeThey accumulate in human/animal tissues
and magnify in food chains.a.k.a. They have significant
impacts on human health and the environment as a whole.Are
capable of long-range transportCan provide large quantities of
of organic compounds and limiting nutrients, which act as
substrates (food) for microorganisms, are released into water
sources (algal blooms)
Examples of Organic Pollution
*
4. EutrophicationThe process by which a body of water acquires a
high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and
nitrates.
These typically promote excessive growth of algae.Algae die,
decompose, increase organic material…therefore resulting in
oxygen depletion.
The Process of Eutrophication
Bioaccumulation
accumulation of a chemical at a rate greater than that at which
the substance is lost
obtained from external environment or food
Biomagnification
When accumulation of a chemical in an organism exceeds the
background concentration of the substance in its diet
occurs at higher tropic level
Toxin Accumulation in Organisms
Add image
*
Salt Pollution Salinity is a measurement of the concentration of
5. dissolved salts in the waterThe salinity levels of our fresh water
is increasing in many areas due to salt compounds used to
remove snow and ice from roads. Increased salinity can also
come from discharges from salt mines
*
EcotoxicologyEcotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxic
chemicals on biological organisms and ecosystems. Multi-step
process:
The entry, distribution and fate of pollutants within the
environment
The entry and fate of pollutants in living (biota) organisms
within an ecosystem
The harmful effects of the chemical pollutants on the
constituents (biotic & abiotic) of ecosystems (which include
humans).
Understanding Ecotoxicology
At organism level:Acute toxicity causing mortality (a.k.a. die
right away)Chronically accumulation may cause death (a.k.a.
die later)Impairmentphysiology & morphologybehavioral
effectsMeasurable biochemical changes
Ecotoxicology involves assessment of the impacts of
contaminants at the organism level
In species / population structure:
appearance/disappearance of an indicator species
6. number of individuals of a species
biomass of a species
presence or absence of a species
Ecotoxicology involves assessment of changes at the population
level
Ecotoxicology involves assessment of changes at the ecosystem
level changes in community/ecosystem structure
biomass & abundance
species diversity
food web complexity
*
What is a bioassay?Definition – type of scientific study
Typically conducted to measure the effects of a substance on a
living organism.
Essential in the development of new drugs and in monitoring
environmental pollutants.
Both are procedures by which the potency or nature of a
substance is estimated by studying its effects on living matter.
What is an indicator organism?Definition:Indicator Organism:
basic monitoring tool used to measure both changes in
environmental water quality and conditions.
Example:Daphnia – freshwater flea = EPA certified bio
indicator organism
Provides evidence of the presence of absence of a pathogenic
organism that survives under similar physical, chemical and
7. nutrient conditions.
Lethal Concentration In ecotoxicology, we report the lethal
concentration, LC50 of a toxin, radiation, or pathogenThis is
the concentration required to kill half the indivudals of a tested
population after a specified test duration.
LC50 figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a
substance's acute toxicity.
ObservationsImpact of pollutants on freshwater ecosystems is
not always straightforwardChanges in the surrounding
ecosystems with seasons and anthropogenic disturbances are not
all predictable Identifying the pollutant can help with
predictions of community and population changes
*
ObservationsLook at the pictures on the following slidesFlasks
were set up with ~400 mL of the same pond waterPollutants (the
same as in the Daphnia bioassay) were added Flasks were
allowed to sit undisturbed for 5 daysConsider the questions …
*
Pollutants added to pond water
*
Why does the fertilizer runoff sample have so much more algae
8. present?
*
Note the color differences in the algae.
What do you think that indicates?
Remember – algae are photosynthetic unicellular plants!
*
Acid Rain
No runoff
Daphnia Bioassay - SetupTest species Daphnia pulexDaphnia
magnaSynthetic Freshwater* (EPA
Standard)Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae food for
Daphnia)Pollutantssodium phosphate (organic pollution) – 3
levelshydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide (pH pollution) –
3 levelspotassium chloride (salt pollution) – 3 levels
*
* https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-
08/documents/acute-freshwater-and-marine-wet-
manual_2002.pdf
Pollutant Treatment Levels
*PollutantTreatment
Level 1Treatment
Level 2Treatment
Level 3Organic
(Na3PO4)0%0.01%0.04%pH
(HCl and NaOH)4710Salt
9. (KCl)0%0.01%0.04%
Setup ProcedureSort Daphnia selecting individuals of similar
ageIn a 30 mL scintillation vial, add Daphnia to 20 mL of
synthetic freshwater + treatment level9 Daphnia per treatment
level (unless otherwise noted)Feed Daphnia 0.5 mL Selenastrum
algae food every 24 hoursCount and record Daphnia survival
every 24 hours for 7 days
*
Typical Setup – Sorting Daphnia
*
Daphnia in Treatments
*
Daphnia in Treatments
*
10. *
Three Daphnia magna in a 0% KCl treatment vial
DAPHNIA SURVIVAL
*
Daphnia pulex – Organic
*
Note: an acute test of 1% and 4% Na3PO4 showed 0% survival
at 24 hoursTrt LevelDay 0Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day
6Day 70% Na3PO4999999880.01% Na3PO4966666660.04%
Na3PO490000000
11. Daphnia pulex – Salt
*
Note: an acute test of 1% and 4% KCl showed 0% survival at 24
hoursTrt LevelDay 0Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day 6Day
70% KCl999999990.01% KCl943333320.04% KCl90000000
Daphnia pulex - pH
*Trt LevelDay 0Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day 6Day 7pH
499977777pH 799999988pH 1098888888
12. Daphnia magna – Organic
*
Note: an acute test of 1% and 4% Na3PO4 showed 0% survival
at 24 hoursTrt LevelDay 0Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day
6Day 70% Na3PO4999999990.01% Na3PO4999999990.04%
Na3PO499622111
13. Daphnia magna – Salt
*
Note: an acute test of 1% and 4% KCl showed 0% survival at 24
hoursTrt LevelDay 0Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day 6Day
70% KCl999999990.01% KCl952222220.04% KCl92200000
Daphnia magna - pH
*
NOTE: there are 6 Daphnia magna per treatment for pHTrt
LevelDay 0Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day 6Day 7pH
465555555pH 766666666pH 1066655555
14. How do you plot these data?Calculate the percent survival at the
end of the experiment for each species in each treatmentEnd
survival count / initial count * 100Plot the concentrations of
your treatment on the X-axis, and your survivals on the Y-
axisIn your report you will plot two species on each graph – and
there will only be two lines on the graph (one for each
species)You can estimate LC50 from this curveSee the example
on the next slide
*
Example LC50 Plot
Trial N=5
kj N=9
S. Connelly and K. Walling, RIT
*
Writing your lab reportPlease see the Lab Report Assignment
for details on what the report should include!This lab report is
15. due by 11:59 pm on Monday, April 27th in the assignment
dropbox on MyCoursesDon’t forget to complete Quiz # 9:
Population Ecology by 11:59 pm on Sunday, April 26th
*
RaiQuan Gray
SYO4461
Professor Rohlinger
06 March 2020
Annotated Bibliography
Social media has taken over the world and with that, come new
territories that users are still exploring. In athletics, social
media has a large influence everywhere from marketing to
athlete's performance. The topic of how social media effects
athletes is a newer research field, since social media is new but
there has already been research completed in the field to
evaluate the psychological impacts of social media on athletes.
The influence social media can have on an athlete’s career is
important to understand because it can make a big difference in
the life of an athlete, regardless of their athletic abilities. This
paper will focus on social media and how it directly and
indirectly effects the athlete.
Academy, U.S. Sports. “The Impact of Social Media in
Sports.” The Sport Digest, 27 Nov. 2018,
thesportdigest.com/2018/11/the-impact-of-social-media-in-
sports/.
This article contributes many ideas on the impact that social
media has in sports. It discusses how our mobile phones and
online platforms changes how we view today’s world of sports,
and even how engage in these sports. This article not only talks
about the positive effects like reaching a bigger platform and
informing fans on sport updates. But it also talks about the
negativity it can bring in like the spreading of negative
information that can happen very quickly, as well as hate
comments that can cause a toll in a player’s performance
16. overall. This can be used in the paper to talk about the positive
and negative effects less in depth but gets straight to the point.
Austin, Ashley. “The Honest Truth Of Social Media And
Sports.” The Odyssey Online, The
Odyssey Online, 15 Oct. 2019,
www.theodysseyonline.com/honest-truth-social-media-
sports.
In this article we are shown another point of view on the good
and bad of social media sports. In this article we are shown how
social media can be used for fans to be informed on plays and
scores when they are not able to watch a game if they are busy.
With just one touch of a button on your phone you are instantly
shown every detail of a game as if you were watching it. You
can even watch a game life through many different forms of
social media on a live stream. The negativity side to this article
that is different from the first is that the down sides is how a
player can portray themselves on a social media platform.
People can even show comments that a player may have said to
make them look bad without showing the full context behind the
words that were said. I can also use this article to show and
demonstrate a different side to the negative and positive effects
that social media might have.
SCHOLARLY: Ballouli, K. (n.d.). It’s a Whole New Ballgame:
How Social Media is Changing
Sports, 1st edition. Sport Management Review, 15(3), 381–382.
https://doiorg.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/10.1016/j.smr.2012.02.008
This article provides a great overview of how social media can
be used by athletes and fans. It details their ability to
correspond via various outlets. The article also discusses how
social media has shifted athlete’s ability to portray themselves
and defend any allegations from various journalism outlets.
This article is not particularly lengthy or in-depth so I believe it
will be used mainly to set the scene and provide background
information about social media.
17. Daren, Sarah. “The Pros and Cons of Athletes Using Social
Media, Coach's Clipboard Basketball
Coaching.” Coach's Clipboard Basketball Coaching, Coach's
Clipboard, 23 Mar. 2018,
www.coachesclipboard.net/athletes-and-social-media.html.
In this article the author hits on a very different point that
social media has impacted athletes on. Social media has
portrayed and even made athletes into some type of celebrities
to their fans and all around the world. Sarah hits on totally
different pros and cons that social media might have. Social
media is started at an early beginning of one’s athletic career
and is said to be used to build up one’s brand to even self-
promote to get known by fans around the world. This article
also talks about how athletes use these platforms to
communicate and interact with their fans from all over. This
article also talks about the cons and how an athlete’s views on
certain topics can be taken negatively by fans when shared on
public platforms like social media. One last interesting topic
talked about in the article is how many athletes have no training
on how to use these social platforms or how to react to certain
hate, which can affect their overall athletic career. I can use this
article to talk about how it can be important to train athletes to
use social media, as well as talk about the different pros and
cons listed in the article.
SCHOLARLY: David, J. L., Powless, M. D., Hyman, J. E.,
Purnell, D. M., Steinfeldt, J. A., &
Fisher, S. (2018). College Student Athletes and Social Media:
The Psychological Impacts
of Twitter Use. International Journal of Sport
Communication, 11(2), 163–186.
Retrieved from
http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfv
iewer?vid=3&sid=acefd8
5b-1274-4952-bd13-b672eb6df41a%40sessionmgr101
18. This article reviews how social media, Twitter in particular,
provides positives and negatives to collegiate athletes. This
article will provide insight into how feedback from the public
via Twitter effects the student-athletes. The study found that
there is a significant influence on the athletes but that influence
is positive and negative. The athletes who participated in the
study were from a variety of sports and their athletic
achievements are varied as well. One of the short comings of
the study is that the athletes who participated were not as elite
as a professional athlete, the highest twitter following from a
participant was 869, which could be considered minimal when
looking at elite athletes and their follower numbers.
Gutbrod, Elyssa. “The Pros and Cons of Athletes Being
Connected to Fans on Twitter.” Bleacher
Report, Bleacher Report, 3 Oct. 2017,
bleacherreport.com/articles/1216751-the-pros-and-
cons-of-athletes-being-connected-to-fans-on-twitter.
This article talks about how athletes use a certain platform to
more closely interact and be viewed by fans more. This platform
is known as twitter. This platform shows fans and others how
these athletes communicate with family, friends, and even fans.
This article talks about how twitter can even humanize these
players and allows fans to see them on a different closer level.
This article talks about how athletes can pass on important
information more quickly than the press could. The article talks
about the negative effects it can have when an athlete shares an
opinion or belief that fans might not agree upon that can cause
many different problems in their popularity as a player, and
even how they are perceived as a person. I can use this article
to explain the many positive effects twitter might have on a
player’s reputation. As well as the negative effect on a player
expressing certain opinions on such a popular platform.
SCHOLARLY: Hambrick, M. E., Simmons, J. M., Greenhalgh,
G. P., & Greenwell, T. C.
19. (2010). Understanding Professional Athletes’ Use of Twitter: A
Content Analysis of
Athlete Tweets. International Journal of Sport Communication,
3(4), 454–471. Retrieved
from
http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/login.aspx?direct
=true&db=s3h&AN=5781
3343&site=eds-live&scope=site.
This article reviews how professional athletes utilize Twitter, a
social media platform. It studies how the athletes use Twitter
and what they communicate through their Twitter accounts.
This article will be helpful to understand how athletes view
Twitter and use to their benefit or detriment but will not
provide information on how the usage effects their
psychological well-being or their performance. The literature
review of the article provides good background information on
social media which will be helpful. Another downfall of the
article is its age, it is ten years old and in the world of
technology, many things have advanced since the publication.
SCHOLARLY: Hopkins, et al. “Being Social: Why the NCAA
Has Forced Universities to
Monitor Student-Athletes' Social Media.” SSRN, 31 May 2013,
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2272635.
In this article we are shown how some universities are forced to
monitor and watch their student athletes’ social medias. The
article states this act to monitor is so athletes are watched and
made sure they do not violate any type of rule or policy that
may be set. This tactic is used to protect an athlete, and their
career. As talked in one of my sources on how athletes are not
trained to use social media. This article hits on topics that can
resolve the issues that come with athletes not being trained on
using social media, so their careers and persona cannot be
affected negatively in the long run. I can use this article to talk
about the positive effects that monitoring athletes social media
might have, so that an athlete can be careful to not jeopardize
20. their college career and even future professional career.
SCHOLARLY: Penrose, M. (2013). Outspoken: social media
and the modern college athlete.
The John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law, 3, 509-
546. Retrieved from
https://heinonlineorg.proxy.lib.fsu.edu/HOL/Page?lname=Penro
se&public=false&collect
ion=journals&handle=hein.journals/johnmars12&men_hide=fals
e&men_tab=toc&kind=&page=509
This article takes a much harsher look at social media and
athletes. The article reviews legal implications, how social
media and the First Amendment are intertwined and the legal
rights of college athletes when utilizing social media platforms.
This article will provide a very in-depth look at the negative
pieces of social media. This article will be best used when
looking at the negative side effects social media can have on an
athlete and their off-field appearance which can potentially lead
to unemployment or decreasing salaries.
SCHOLARLY: Sanderson, Jimmy. Its a Whole New Ballgame:
How Social Media Is Changing
Sports. Hampton Press, 2011.
This article talks about how social media has been changing
sports for the better. Whether its sport updates to live
broadcasting, social media has made it easier to connect with
sports and even athletes. This article talks about how athletes
use different platforms to communicate and inform fans on sport
updates and even their own lives. It also talks about how fans
can even engage in athletes progress and athletic news and
catch up on games or latest plays. I can use this article for a lot
of different topics in my paper because it is a very long article,
but it also talks about all of the important details social media
has in the sports world, and on athlete’s.
SCHOLARLY: Wang, Yuan, and Shuhua Zhou. “How Do Sports
21. Organizations Use Social
Media to Build Relationships? A Content Analysis of NBA
Clubs’ Twitter
Use.” International Journal of Sport Communication, vol. 8, no.
2, 2015, pp. 133–148.,
doi:10.1123/ijsc.2014-0083.
This article talks about how social media is used to establish
and build relationships with fans and the public. This article
informs us on how social media is a worldwide platform that
can be used to get messages, sport updates, information, and
even sport/athletic promotions. This article focuses more on the
upside of social media and how it can strengthen many
relationships personally for athletes, and even with their fans. I
can use this article to discuss a different point of view on how it
effects an athlete’s relationships and how social media can be
used to build relationships up, and possibly even down.
Zilles, Christian. “How Social Media Is Changing The Sports
Marketing
Industry.” Social Media HQ, 14 Oct. 2019,
socialmediahq.com/how-social-media-is-
changing-the-sports-marketing-industry/.
This article talks about the importance that social media can
affect sports marketing which can have a positive effect on an
athlete’s career. The article talks about how social media can be
used to promote certain sports brans and athletes, which can
overall gain them more fans and popularity. Another way it is
used to change the sports marketing is by using the platform to
further engage and interact with fans. I can use this article to
talk about the overall standing social media and sports
marketing might have on an athlete’s fame, and how it can be
used to perceive them in a more positive manner.
Name: ___________________________ General
22. Biology II Lab
LAB #11: Ecotoxicology Lab Report
Objectives
osystems, population ecology,
and ecotoxicology to a case study of the impact of pollution on
Daphnia populations and what that might indicate for
ecosystems as a whole.
· To learn more about the sources and impacts of pollutants on
the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, particularly the impacts of
organic pollution, acid pollution, and salt pollution.
· To learn more about the use of indicator species and to
understand why Daphnia are used as such a species.
· Understand what lethal dose/concentration means and how it is
specific for each pollutant type.
· To practice using credible sources on (at least 2 peer-
reviewed) to support your arguments.
· Synthesize this information into a final lab report.
The Scenario
You have been hired as a summer research assistant for the New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC).
A former research assistant left some data from a past project
23. that was never analyzed. Your supervisor wants you to analyze
the data and write a report on your interpretations of the data.
You have been provided the data and images in the Prelab
PowerPoint. It is your job to statistically analyze the data,
research ecotoxicology, the role of indicator species, and
sources of population in freshwater systems, and to compile this
in to a report for your supervisor.
You know that this former research assistant was comparing the
survival of Daphnia in three different types of pollutants that
are commonly found in the environment: organic pollution, pH
pollution, and salt pollution. The former assistant set up
bioassays of various concentrations of each type of pollution
using specific chemicals to represent environmental pollution:
sodium phosphate (organic pollution), hydrogen chloride and
sodium hydroxide (pH pollution), and potassium chloride (salt
pollution). You know that these chemicals are representatives of
pollutants in the environment but you do not know what
potential sources of these chemicals in nature would be. This is
something you will have to research. Where is organic
pollution, pH pollution, and salt pollution commonly found in
nature – and what is the potential source of the pollutants? No,
you should not assume that someone dumped the chemicals
directly in a pond on purpose.
Daphnia are freshwater microcrustaceans. In the research
assistant’s notebook, you found that they used Daphnia pulex
and Daphnia magna. You assume that the species must be
important, but at first you are not sure why Daphnia were even
used. After a little research you learned that Daphnia are
sensitive to the effects of pollution and are considered an
indicator species. You note that indicator species, or
bioindicators, are animals or plants that are used to infer
conditions in a given habitat, and their presence / absence can
be compared across ecosystems to understand the health of the
environment. With a little more digging, you find that the
Environmental Protection Agency has published protocols that
describe methods of using Daphnia species to monitor toxic
24. substances in water (EPA 2008).
Now that you understand what an indicator species is, you need
to figure out why the research assistant used two different
species of Daphnia – Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna. You
will need to do a little research to better understand the life-
history of each species. In addition to comparing physical
differences, think about the differences in habitats, diet,
predators, and how they differ in terms of sensitivities to
pollution. You also may want to consider why it is a good idea
to compare two different species of Daphnia.
Your supervisor tells you that you will need to determine the
lethal concentration of each pollutant type for each species of
Daphnia. You know from your General Biology Lab course that
the median lethal concentration is the concentration of a toxin,
radiation, or pathogen is the dose required to kill half the
members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
This can be abbreviated as LC50 (abbreviation for “lethal
concentration, 50%”).
Your job is to analyze the Daphnia data and determine the LC50
for each pollutant type and each species. Your supervisor would
like this written up as a final lab report with graphs and
background information on why these pollutants would have
been found in the environment (i.e. what would be a source of
this type of pollutant?). Your supervisor would also like you to
suggest possible recommendations for reducing the presence of
these pollutants in the natural environment.
The Assignment
Synthesize the data to create a lab report. Your lab report
should include the following:
1. Introduction Section
This will provide background on the topic of pollution and the
use of Daphnia as an indicator species. You should define each
type of pollution and you should incorporate a suggestion of a
source for each of the three types of pollutants discussed in this
experiment (organic, pH, and salt). This should also include a
25. brief comparison of the two species of Daphnia (habitats where
they are typically found and relative sensitivities to pollution).
2. Results Section
In the results section, you need to present the data that was
provided to you from the research assistants notebook. This is
not a discussion or interpretation of the data, but simply a
presentation of the data with only limited text to support that
presentation. What is important for the reader to look at in your
data? You have been given survival data of the two Daphnia
species over 7 days for the three pollutants. You need to
analyze those data and determine what the percent survival is of
each species at each concentration of pollutant. You should
include these percent survival data in a clearly written text
paragraph at the beginning of your results section.
Now, using the percent survival data that you calculated, you
will produce three graphs and one table for this report. To
report the ecotoxicology data, you should make three LC50
graphs in ExcelTM or other data graphing program, which will
highlight the survival of the Daphnia for all three types of
pollutions tested (organic, pH, and salt). Please note, the two
species of Daphnia should be graphed on the same graph for
comparison for each pollutant type. For example, one of your
graphs should represent the organic pollution data on which you
plot concentration on the x-axis (% Na3PO4), survival on the y-
axis (as a percentage at Day 7), and the survival of each species
of Daphnia as the plot lines. Do not forget these graphs are
figures and need titles and figure legends (below the figure!).
Now use your three graphs to determine the LC50 for each
species and each pollutant. Make onetable of LC50 values for
each pollutant and each species of Daphnia that you have
calculated from your graphs. By generating a clear table here,
properly formatted and including a table title and description
(above the table!), your discussion / conclusion will be easier to
formulate.
3. Conclusions section
26. A. Interpretation of Daphnia data:
i. In this section you will interpret your results for the Daphnia.
Using your data that you presented in the results section, and
your reliable research (peer-reviewed scientific articles),
discuss whether or not the results recorded by the former
research assistant make sense to you. Does anything seem
strange to you in the data interpretation – or does the data
match what you found in the literature? Explain why and
present your interpretation of why any differences might have
been observed.
ii. Based on what you know about Daphnia as an indicator
species, discuss the implications of these types of pollutants on
aquatic ecosystems.
B. Proposed
Solution
s:
i. You should also think about what can be done to mitigate the
impacts of these types of pollutants on natural environments.
Propose specific solutions for each type of pollutant and be sure
to back up your claims with referenced examples.
4. References
You will also need to have a reference section with at least five
sources (two of these sources must be peer-reviewed…ALL of
the sources should be credible;
https://infoguides.rit.edu/genbio). Format with APA formatting
and be sure to include in-text citations with an (author last
name, date) format (https://library.rit.edu/citations/apa/journal-
27. article-apa) .
Formatting and Submission
1. Paper formatting
2-3 pages, 1.5 spaced, 1” margins, 12 pt. font
2. File submission:
· File should be submitted as a PDF file to the designated
Assignment Folder on MyCourses by 11:59 pm on Monday,
April 27, 2020.
i. Your submission files must be named and uploaded as
follows: Last name_First name_lab section
ii. Late Submissions: Late assignments will be accepted only in
the Assignment Folder on MyCourses up to 5 days late (no later
than May 2, 2020). All late submission will be penalized 10%
per day.