The document summarizes key concepts about ecosystems and the biosphere. It defines an ecosystem as all the organisms in a given area along with abiotic factors they interact with. It describes different types of ecosystems like terrestrial, aquatic, marine and freshwater. It explains the components of an ecosystem including abiotic factors like climate and soil, and biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers. It also discusses feeding relationships through food chains, webs and ecological pyramids. In concluding, it outlines the flow of energy through ecosystems and lists seven environmental principles.

1. “Biosphere”

2. Rudolf, I’m thinking of living somewhere where there is no one but me. What do you think?

3. Are you out of your mind?! Here is where we belong! This is our righteous place. to

4. This is where our friends, family, and all the things we need exist. We should learn to live together for our benefit. We are all parts of this BIOSPHERE. I guess you’re right. Speaking of, we need to finish our report about the biosphere!

5. The next day…

6. Today, Rudolf and I will discuss about the Biosphere.

7. The Biosphere the global sum of all ecosystems. It can also be called the zone of life on Earth, a closed (apart from solar and cosmic radiation) and self-regulating system.

10. Aquatic ecosystem a. Marine b. Fresh Water 2. Artificial-ecosystems created by humans.

11. Natural Ecosystems 1.Terrestrial ecosystem is an ecosystem found only on a landform. Four primary terrestrial ecosystems exist: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest and grassland.

12. tundra is a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes through Russian тундра from the KildinSami word tūndâr uplands or treeless mountain tract.

13. Fig.2 A Tundra in Greenland

14. Taiga, also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests. Taiga is the world's largest land biome, and makes up 29% of the world's forest cover; the largest areas are located in Russia and Canada.

15. Fig.3 A taiga in Alaska

17. Fig. 4 A temperate forest in Germany

18. Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae) and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica but Grasslands are found in most ecological regions of the Earth.

20. Masbate

21. Kansas

23. Marine ecosystems are among the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include oceans, salt marsh and intertidal ecology, estuaries and lagoons, mangroves and coral reefs, the deep sea and the sea floor.

24. Fig.6 A marine ecosystem

26. What are the components of an ecosystem? 1.) Abiotic Components These include the non-living, physico - chemical factors such as air, water, soil and the basic elements and compounds of the environment. Abiotic factors are broadly classified under three categories.

27. It is all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment.

32. omnivores eat plant and animal material and can be primary, secondary and tertiary consumers simultaneously; a human being is a good example of an omnivore.

33. Fig.9 An image of a human being (an omnivore)

34. Feeding relationship These are the relations between the predator and its prey. Meaning to say, it is the ways of how energy and consumption takes place in the natural world.

35. Types of feeding relationships 1. Food chain food chain is a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a tropic species that eats no other species in the web and ends at a tropic species that is eaten by no other species in the web.

36. Fig. 10 An example of a food chain. Osprey feed on northern pike, which in turn feed on perch which eat bleak that feed on freshwater shrimp feeding with seaweeds. Sun

39. 3. Ecological pyramid Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or biomass productivity at each tropic level in a given ecosystem.

40. Fig.12 An example of an ecological pyramid. Plants are feeded by the giraffes which is ate by the Lion which is the apex predator.

42. To make it simple….

43. 5- Apex Predators or 4-Apex Predators 3-Carnivores 2-Herbivores 1- Primary producers Fig.13

44. The flow of energy in an Ecosystem In ecology, energy flow, also called the calorific flow, refers to the flow of energy through a food chain. In an ecosystem, ecologists seek to quantify the relative importance of different component species and feeding relationships.

45. Fig.14 The energy flow in an ecosystem.

46. The energy pyramid An energy pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or biomass productivity at each tropic level in a given ecosystem.

47. Biomass is the amount of living or organic matter present in an organism. Biomass pyramids show how much biomass is present in the organisms at each tropic level, while productivity pyramids show the production or turnover in biomass.

48. The 7 environmental principles

50. 1. Nature knows best.2. All forms of life are important.3. Everything is connected to everything else.4. Everything changes.5. Everything must go somewhere.6. Ours is a finite earth.7. Nature is beautiful and we are stewardsof God’s creation.

52. Christian L. ChuaRay Rudolf Pastrana Prepared by: